RESE-1178

Web Design Report

Analysis on the
Usability of
Facebook
This report analyses the usability of Facebook through a case study of 10
participants, which received user feedback in a 7 point Likert scale.

Damla Yasemin Gungor

001130496
Contents
Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 2
Aims And Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 2
Key Criteria in Web Usability ........................................................................................................... 2
What Guides the Users’ Usability? ................................................................................................. 2
User Interface ...................................................................................................................................... 3
Examples of Usability Heuristics for User Interface Design ...................................................... 3
Why Facebook? ................................................................................................................................. 3
Facebook Usability in Articles ......................................................................................................... 4
The Methods of Designing the Pilot Study .................................................................................. 4
Case Study........................................................................................................................................... 5
Survey .................................................................................................................................................... 5
Evaluation of Results ......................................................................................................................... 5
Ethical Implications............................................................................................................................ 7
Participants Consent and Information ........................................................................................ 8
Confidentiality and Anonymity ...................................................................................................... 8
Discussion and Conclusion.............................................................................................................. 8
Issues within the Case Study ........................................................................................................... 9
Outcome .............................................................................................................................................. 9
Appendix............................................................................................................................................ 10
Reference list..................................................................................................................................... 23

1
Introduction
This report will analyse the usability of the website design implemented into
Facebook (Zuckerberg, 2004). The usability of the design will be measured through
how well the specific users are able to perform a set of required tasks, with the key
factors of usability, efficiency, being easy to learn as well as being easy to
remember (Brinck, Gergle, & Wood, 2022, p. 2).

The interface was updated in 2020 (Montti, 2020), causing a number of user’s to find
it difficult to navigate through the websites design, creating an inefficiency in the
usability (Porter, 2020). In order to test the theory a team of participants will be used
to test exclusively on the usability of the design implemented into the website.

An assemblage of a diverse group of participants will be used to test the theory of

the usability; this will be conducted using a timed instructive method of activities and
an anonymous survey. The data gathered will undergo an evaluation of the
methods used. The ethical implications will be displayed to inform the participants,
allowing them to make a conscious decision. This allows the participants to consent
or withdraw themselves from the study. A conclusion of the overall results, including
the data analysis will be conducted, resulting in coefficient data used to measure
the usability of the design (Mifsud, 2018).

Aims And Objectives

• The case study and survey will be designed to analyse the usability for the
website Facebook
• The case study and survey will discuss the websites design as well as the
usability of the website

Keywords: Design, usability, accessibility, Facebook, Web site design, testing.

Key Criteria in Web Usability

Usability displays an importance in website design as computational artefacts are
able to be designed in a versatile amount of ways (Olson & Olson, 2003, p. 493).
Usability has been defined to measure the quality of a user’s experience when
interacting with a product or system – including a website (Pearson, Pearson, &
Green, 2007, p. 817).

What Guides the Users’ Usability?

Alternatively, if a website lacks the information that the customers need, its
entertaining design will not prevent the customer from leaving the site (McKinney,
Yoon, & Zahedi, 2002, p. 299). The quality of the user’s experience will be affected if
the user is unable to actively manoeuvre through the website to complete a set of
tasks (Pearson, Pearson, & Green, 2007, p. 817).

2
User Interface
The user interface is kept minimal avoiding complexity in the design (Snell, 2020),
which assists in the users navigation through the website, allowing the user to
perform the appointed tasks. The website is kept informative with simplicity in the
design, enabling an easier use of the website through the design (McConnell, 2018).
This aids in the user’s needs, rather than being purely attractive and fun (Pearson,
Pearson, & Green, 2007, p. 817).

Backgrounds, textures and colours are able to affect the readability; there must be
a sufficient contrast between the text and the background, using a clear colour
combination (Babu, 2006, p. 19). The interface must be unified alongside the
balanced structure of the design, creating an understanding in the interface (Babu,
2006, p. 24). These qualities will be examined through the methods of a case study
and survey.

Examples of Usability Heuristics for User Interface Design

Some examples of the main principles of interaction design may include flexibility
and an efficiency of use in the software the user is interacting with. User control and
freedom is vital in the design as the user should be able to explore the website with
no restrictions. Minimal design with relevant units of information, disregarding any
unnecessary information, is an important factor in the design (Perdomo, Cardozo,
Perdomo, & Serrezuela, 2017, p. 4) (Nielsen, 1995) (Nielsen, 10 Heuristics for User
Interface Design, 2020).

Why Facebook?

Figure 1

3
*This graph was created by Damla Yasemin Gungor, using Everviz (Everviz, 2022), in 2022 (Statista Research
Department, 2021b).

As Facebook is a multi-billion-dollar company (Dovchin, 2020, p. 1), it’s indicative

that millions were spent on Facebook’s design applications (Birk, 2019). With a rough
estimate of 2.89 billion monthly users, Facebook was an ideal option for the case
study, as seen in figure 1, the users has been continuously increasing every year
(Statista Research Department, 2021b).

Facebook has spent roughly 11.6 million dollars on their global marketing costs alone
in 2020 (Statista Research Department, 2021a), in the year of the updated website
(Pocket-lint, 2020).

Facebook Usability in Articles

A few biased articles were since published which diminished the usability in the
design. These articles included quotes by Facebook users, where some users stated
“the new Facebook looks awful”, “the new horrible layout” and “we’ve replaced it
with awful Facebook” (Piper, 2020).

There have been several published articles directing users on steps to use
Facebook’s pre-updated layout, this justifies the updated version not catering to all
of its users (technisette, 2020). This could line in favour with the argument of
Facebook’s usability in its design is not being preferred by many users. This could
defeat the purpose of the update and may reduce the impact of the interface
design in the website; however Facebook shows several examples of usability
heuristics in its design (Nielsen, 10 Heuristics for User Interface Design, 2020).

The Methods of Designing the Pilot Study

A case study was designed to carry out a quantitative survey using twelve
participants in total, whom were recruited through word of mouth on campus as
well as the university participant pool. Two of the participants were used for a Pilot
Study, which was a smaller experiment designed to identify potential problem areas
and deficiencies in the study (Abu, Schattner, & Mazza, 2006).

The goal of the pilot study was to provide conclusive results in advanced; this helped
to collect any warnings and issues about where the main research project could fail
(Doody & Doody, 2015, p. 1075). The preliminary data will be used to collect the
necessary feedback required from the participants to make suggestions. The pilot
studies consisted of a practical process as well as a survey, which would be timed to
confirm the case study being a total of up to 15 minutes. This was used to make
adjustments in the final case study and survey (Malmqvist, Hellberg, Möllås, Rose, &
Shevlin, 2019, p. 5).

4
Case Study
Each participant was given a ‘Facebook test user’ account to keep the practical
process anonymous (Apptimize, 2015) (Meta, 2022), as it was guaranteed in the
consent form to ensure the users privacy.

The participants were all shown a 20 second, instructive video at the start of the
case study; this was to show the participants an example of how they are asked to
follow the instruction list provided. All tasks consisted of navigation through the
Facebook Web site, allowing the user to explore the website freely to follow the
instructive tasks provided (Harley, 2020). The participant would then complete a
Survey directly after the completion of the task.

Survey
The survey used a 7 point Likert scale to offer independence to the participants
which allows them to pick the ‘exact’ answer (Joshi, Kale, Chandel, & Pal, 2015, p.
398). The feedback received from the case study allowed for a validated survey to
be designed using The System Usability Scale (SUS) method (Lewis, 2018), this method
was used for a quick and reliable way to gauge the subjective usability of a system
through its design (Peres, Pham, & Phillips, 2013, p. 193).

Evaluation of Results

Figure 2

A stacked bar chart was created to represent the data gathered from the results of
the survey. A 1-7 Likert scale was used, this stacked bar chart was designed to
represent the multiple totals ( Muth, 2018).

5
The majority of the questions were answered closer to ‘strongly agree’ than they
were to ‘strongly disagree’ in the majority of the questions. There were mostly
participants who ‘strongly disagreed’ with 14/16 of the questions, although
participants also chose ‘strongly agree’ 13/16 times.

Figure 3

These answers were the answers most agreed with by the participants. These
questions do however consist of the more technical side to the website than it did
the interface. Evidently one question from the user interface design has done
exceptionally well compared to the others.

Figure 4

6
The least agreed with questions consist of the instructiveness through the website,
indicating that the level of information and assistance is poor. A lot of participants
found the information and the manoeuvring through the website to be disliked, as
they felt they also became less productive in the process of the case study.

Figure 5

These were the questions which consisted of a mixture of data as the individuals
have chosen almost at least one of the 7 options in the Likert scale to answer these
questions. Question 6 contained the largest mixture of data, indicating that the
participants may have a mixture of views concerning the productivity of the system.

Figure 6

The data was gathered using a table to create clarity. Likewise to the bar and pie
charts, the table shows the number of participants exact decisions, including their
selected options.

Ethical Implications
The research aimed to minimise risks and harm to the participants (Stirling, 2022). The
precautions taken because of covid-19 consisted of participants sanitising their

7
hands, wearing a face mask and maintaining a 2 metre social distancing between
the test conductor (NHS, 2022). The conductor also sanitised the keyboard and
mouse after each participant is finished with the practical tasks and survey (Webb,
2020).

Participants Consent and Information

The consent and information sheets contained the useful information for the
participants to understand what the study involved entirely, before signing and
agreeing to take part in the case study and survey. Clarity was incredibly important
in the information sheet as it guided the participants with instructions and explained
the case study. It was vital that the participants understood the tasks they were
expected to perform before sharing their opinion through the survey (Siegle, 2015).

Confidentiality and Anonymity

The participants were not obligated to contribute; they signed a consent form which
allowed them to leave at any given moment (Lezaun, 2007, p. 140). This is because
the length and complexity was analysed during the pilot study to confirm the
participant will not be frustrated as frustration could hurt the quality of the data
response (Patton, 2014).

There is no personal data of the participants present in the case study as well as the
survey as it was kept anonymous, the participants were encouraged to share their
views and express their opinions through the 7 point Likert scale with optional
responses (Lezaun, 2007, p. 140).

Confidentiality and anonymity will be ensured to the participants as all of the

questionnaire responses were entirely confidential. The published report will not
contain any information on any of the individuals who participated and none of the
participants will be identified in any way. No names were contained in the survey
results as the individuals were numbered, i.e. survey 1 (Ennis & Wykes, 2016, p. 193).

Discussion and Conclusion

The studies initial aim was designed to analyse the usability of Facebook through the
user interface design built in the website. Some articles included biased views of the
new design implemented in the website, regarding its newer more modernised
design. These complaints were taken into consideration and brought into a case
study to test Facebook’s website regarding its design.

The results from the data gathered implied that the majority of users felt strongly
towards the questions:

1. I am able to complete my work quickly using Facebook

2. The interface* of Facebook is pleasant
3. I like using the interface of Facebook

8
These answers cater to the topic of whether Facebooks interface is usable through
its design, as these questions focused solely on the usability and interface of
Facebook. This indicates that majority of the users in the case study felt that the
usability was of a high standard; however it did not discard the few users who
disagreed with this statement. This implies that Facebooks interface system is usable
through its design, implying that it does not cater to all users.

Issues within the Case Study

In contract one of the few issues involved with the study regarded the current
amount of Facebook users, which is approximately at 2.8million. This study consisted
of only 10 participants which would confirm that the data gathered was only
0.000357142857143% of the actual users in the website. Evidentially more participants
would’ve resulted in a much more accurate result.

The products success may result in an increase of users regarding its usability in its
design, thus discarding the articles written about the new Facebook design being
unusable. This could be only relevant to some users as a minority of users disagreed
with the majority of the questions.

Outcome
This case study contains the evidence to confirm the usability of Facebook’s design
is functional. The interface of Facebook is usable through its design and majority of
the participants found that it was functional with a good user interface system,
proving the aim of the case study to be wrong. This is because most of the
participants found Facebook to be easy to use as well as functional; the interface
design was also preferred by many of the users. This evidence proves that
Facebooks usability in its design is a success.

9
 STUDY PILOTING

Project Title: Web Design Analysis on the Usability of Facebook

Testing Methodology:

The two participants will be given a list of 20 tasks to follow, in order to do this they will
use a ‘Facebook test user’ account A clear and quick explanation will be provided for
each participant before the study is conducted. This will include a tutorial like video to
assist the participant in what they are expected of during the case study.

The tasks the participant will be asked to perform will consist of:

1. Find your’ Facebook Profile’

2. Write a post with the words ‘abc’ and post it
3. Find your ‘Messages’
4. Compose a new message
5. Find ‘Notifications’
6. Find your ‘Photos’
7. Find your ‘Videos’
8. Find ‘About’
9. Find the ‘Home Button’
10. Find ‘Groups’
11. Join a Group
12. Find ‘Marketplace’
13. Find ‘Pages’
14. Find ‘Events’
15. Find ‘Local’ in the Events page
16. Click ‘Interested’ in a group
17. Find ‘Fundraisers’
18. Find ‘Jobs’
19. Find ‘Play games’
20. Find ‘Weather’

All participants will be shown the same instructive video before they start and the list of
instructions provided will be the same list for every participant.

The study will take up to 10 minutes, each task will be timed to ensure a correct
estimated time for the actual case study. Once the participant confirms that they are
able to confidently perform the tasks with a full understanding, they can move forward
to the practical section.

10
Piloting Results:

The study took the two participants 4:17 and 6:13 minutes to complete the list of tasks.
This confirms the time frame of the study being up to 15 minutes. Once the participant
moved over to the survey, some of the participants found the wording of the questions
confusing, or found mistakes in the grammar. Due to this problem, the same wording
from the System Usability Scale.

Participants explained that they enjoyed the instructive video; it helped the participants
to understand what was expected of them in the case study. There were no complaints
about the length of the case study. Participants did complain about the task, ‘Write a
post with the words ‘abc’ and post it’.

Revised Methodology:

The pilot study confirmed that it will not take longer than the expected time, of up to 15
minutes. The participants did not leave the pilot study out of frustration of confusion. The
tutorial, explanation video was helpful to the users as it explained to them in very little
time, on how to perform the actions.

The “I don’t understand” box in the survey was only used in the questions that were
reworded; these were changed to the original layout of the questions. The reworded
questions were told by the two participants that they were “too confusing” and that
they “didn’t understand”. The survey questions were adjusted back to the original test
questions of the System Usability Scale, this helped them to understand the questions
better than when they were reworded.

Questions:

2. Write a post with the words ‘abc’ and post it

4. Compose a new message

16. Click interested in a group

These questions were changed to create further clarity for the participants

A List of the Question Changes:

2. Find where you can ‘post a comment’

4. Find where you can post a ‘Highlight’

16. Click ‘interested’ in an event

Participants found these question changes to be understood better, which worked

better in the practical part of the case study. The participants liked this change and
preferred to complete these tasks instead, which kept the case study anonymous.

11
 PARTICIPANT INFORMATION SHEET

Project Title: Web Design Analysis on the Usability of Facebook

The principal investigator for this project is: Damla Yasemin Gungor

Email: DG8393i@gre.ac.uk

12
Project/Participant Outline

A total of 22 participants will be given a Facebook test user account so that they are
confident they’re not using their personal information. An instruction sheet to follow will
be provided for when the participant is navigating through Facebook. The instruction
sheet will contain a total of 20 activities to follow. These will all be practical questions
designed to enable the user to perform practical actions during the case study. This will
be instructions for the participant to follow when navigating through the website; this will
give the user freedom to explore the website in their own time.

The tasks the participant will be asked to perform will consist of:

1. Find your’ Facebook Profile’

2. Find where you can ‘post a comment’
3. Find your ‘Messages’
4. Find where you can post a ‘Highlight’
5. Find ‘Notifications’
6. Find your ‘Photos’
7. Find your ‘Videos’
8. Find ‘About’
9. Find the ‘Home Button’
10. Find ‘Groups’
11. Join a Group
12. Find ‘Marketplace’
13. Find ‘Pages’
14. Find ‘Events’
15. Find ‘Local’ in the Events page
16. Click ‘Interested’ in an event
17. Find ‘Fundraisers’
18. Find ‘Jobs’
19. Find ‘Play games’
20. Find ‘Weather’

Once the activities are completed, in a total time of up to 10-15 minutes, the
participants will then complete a survey containing 10 questions. The survey has been
designed to be anonymous as well as the test user account, this is to ensure the
participants will not share their personal data. A video is provided for the participants to
understand the case study they’re participating in, it will also be located on the top of
the survey. The survey will contain a 7 point Likert scale so the user is able to answer
accurately.

The aims & objectives of the case study and survey:

• The case study and survey will be designed to analyse the usability for the
website Facebook
• The case study and survey will discuss the websites design as well as the usability
of the website

The video will provide an example of how the user must follow the instructions; this
confirms with the participants that they are confident in the case study to provide

accurate results. These questions have been designed to collect data from the
13
participants by using their answers for each of the questions. The data collected from
the survey will help to analyse the usability of Facebook through the websites design.

The participants will have to read and sign the consent forms before continuing to the
 PARTICIPANT CONSENT FORM
To be completed by the participant. If the participant is under 18, to be completed
by the parent/guardian/person acting in loco parentis.

Project title: Web Design Report Analysis on the Usability of Facebook

The principal investigator for this project is: Damla Yasemin Gungor

This project is supervised by: Jon Weinel

Supervisor’s contact details:

J.R.Weinel@greenwich.ac.uk

• I have read the Participant Information Sheet about this study

• I have had an opportunity to ask questions and discuss this study
• I have received satisfactory answers to all my questions
• I have received enough information about this study
• I understand that I am/the participant is free to withdraw from this study:
o At any time (until such date as this will no longer be possible, which I
have been told)
o Without giving a reason for withdrawing
o (If I am/the participant is, or intends to become, a student at the
University of Greenwich) without affecting my/the participant’s future
with the University
• I agree to take part in this study

Signature (participant): Date

Name in block letters:

Signature (parent/guardian/other, if under 16): n/a Date n/a

Name in block letters: n/a

14
 Facebook's Usability Scale Derived off its Design

Facebook's Usability Scale Derived off its Design

The usability of Facebook was analysed through the design of the website. This was
tested by users performing a case study, by freely exploring the website, mean whilst
following a set of tasks. The survey was designed using the System Usability Scale (SUS)
method (Lewis, 2018, p. 1408).

* Required

1. I have completed the Participant Consent Form. *

Check all that apply.

Yes

Instructive tutorial video that each participant will be shown before the case study
(Gungor, 2022).

http://youtube.com/watch?v=WQZC-
XxoQu8

2. 1. Overall, I am satisfied with how easy it is to use Facebook.

Mark only one oval.

Strongly Agree

Agree

Somewhat Agree

Neutral

Somewhat Disagree

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

15

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3. 2. It is simple to use Facebook.

Mark only one oval.

Strongly Agree

Agree

Somewhat Agree

Neutral

Somewhat Disagree

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

4. 3. I am able to complete my work quickly using Facebook.

Mark only one oval.

Strongly Agree

Agree

Somewhat Agree

Neutral

Somewhat Disagree

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

5. 4. I feel comfortable using Facebook.

Mark only one oval.

Strongly Agree

Agree

Somewhat Agree

Neutral

Somewhat Disagree

Disagree

Strongly Disagree
16

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6. 5. It was easy to learn to use Facebook.

Mark only one oval.

Strongly Agree

Agree

Somewhat Agree

Neutral

Somewhat Disagree

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

7. 6. I believe I became productive quickly using Facebook.

Mark only one oval.

Strongly Agree

Agree

Somewhat Agree

Neutral

Somewhat Disagree

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

8. 7. Facebook gives error messages that clearly tell me how to fix problems.

Mark only one oval.

Strongly Agree

Agree

Somewhat Agree

Neutral

Somewhat Disagree

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

17

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9. 8. Whenever I make a mistake using Facebook, I recover easily and quickly.

Mark only one oval.

Strongly Agree

Agree

Somewhat Agree

Neutral

Somewhat Disagree

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

10. 9. The information (such as online help, on-screen messages and other
documentation) provided with Facebook is clear.

Mark only one oval.

Strongly Agree

Agree

Somewhat Agree

Neutral

Somewhat Disagree

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

18

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11. 10. It is easy to find the information I needed.

Mark only one oval.

Strongly Agree

Agree

Somewhat Agree

Neutral

Somewhat Disagree

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

12. 11. The information provided with the system is effective in helping me complete
my work.

Mark only one oval.

Strongly Agree

Agree

Somewhat Agree

Neutral

Somewhat Disagree

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

19

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13. 12. The organisation of information on Facebook's screens is clear.

Mark only one oval.

Strongly Agree

Agree

Somewhat Agree

Neutral

Somewhat Disagree

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

14. 13. The interface* of Facebook is pleasant.

* The "interface" includes those items that you use to interact with the system. For example, some
components of the interface are the keyboard, the mouse, the microphone, and the screens (including
their graphics and language).

Mark only one oval.

Strongly Agree

Agree

Somewhat Agree

Neutral

Somewhat Disagree

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

20

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1Z0Zyc_JoEpfMz2yw-huswnHT8cdK2TRhcRufDGYpXL4/edit
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15. 14. I like using the interface of Facebook.

Mark only one oval.

Strongly Agree

Agree

Somewhat Agree

Neutral

Somewhat Disagree

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

16. 15. Facebook has all the functions and capabilities I expect it to have.

Mark only one oval.

Strongly Agree

Agree

Somewhat Agree

Neutral

Somewhat Disagree

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

17. 16. Overall, I am satisfied with Facebook.

Mark only one oval.

Strongly Agree

Agree

Somewhat Agree

Neutral

Somewhat Disagree

Disagree

Strongly Disagree
21

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References
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International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 35(15), pp.1404–1419.

Gungor, D.Y. (2022). Usability of Web Site Design - Facebook. [online] www.youtube.com. Available at:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WQZC-XxoQu8.

This content is neither created nor endorsed by Google.

Forms

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https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1Z0Zyc_JoEpfMz2yw-huswnHT8cdK2TRhcRufDGYpXL4/edit
Reference list
Apptimize (2015). What You Need to Know About Facebook’s New Mobile
Logins. [online] Apptimize. Available at:
https://apptimize.com/blog/2015/04/news20150409/ [Accessed 11 Jan.
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h+%7C%C2%A0Brand+%7C+NSD&utm_source=adwords&utm_medium=ppc&
hsa_acc=5061496491&hsa_cam=9978204403&hsa_grp=104676151590&hsa_a
d=486381877869&hsa_src=g&hsa_tgt=aud-914244586462:kwd-
994512175322&hsa_kw=everviz&hsa_mt=p&hsa_net=adwords&hsa_ver=3&gc
lid=CjwKCAiArOqOBhBmEiwAsgeLmQ_IAVSPyzjAVFHzi1574b70pWsUsKazdSU8
Qd1VPAHoaNaD-B5JeRoCuyIQAvD_BwE.

Gungor, D.Y. (2022). Usability of Web Site Design - Facebook. [online]

www.youtube.com. Available at:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WQZC-XxoQu8.
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Harley, A. (2020). Videos as Instructional Content: User Behaviors and UX
Guidelines. [online] Nielsen Norman Group. Available at:
https://www.nngroup.com/articles/instructional-video-guidelines/.

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