Mathematics in the Modern World

Mark Christian P. Sierra

BSIT-1112

1. What are the Fibonacci numbers and how are they obtained?
- Fibonacci sequence is a series of numbers in which each number is the sum of the two
preceding numbers. It can generate mathematical patterns that can be found in all
aspects of life. Fibonacci sequence was named after the Italian mathematician Leonardo
of Pisa, later known as Fibonacci, who introduced the sequence to Western European
mathematics in his 1202 book Liber Abaci.

2. Where did the study of the sequence begin?

- At the year 1202, in Pisa, Italy. In his twenties, Leonardo Pisano Bigollo was a young
man who came from a prominent Pisa trading family. He was fascinated by the
mathematical concepts that had traveled from India to the west via the Arabic nations
during his travels throughout the Middle East. When he got back to Pisa, he published
these concepts in a classic work of mathematics called Liber Abaci. Leonardo,
afterwards referred to as Fibonacci, rose to prominence as the most renowned
mathematician of the Middle Ages.

3. What is the golden ration/golden mean?

- The golden ratio or mean is .168 or 1.618

4. How the golden ration/mean related to the Fibonacci sequence?

- The golden ratio is derived by dividing each number of the Fibonacci series by its
immediate predecessor. In mathematical terms, if F (n) describes the nth Fibonacci
number, the quotient F (n)/ F (n-1) will approach the limit 1.618... For increasingly high
values of n. This limit is better known as the golden ratio

5. Where can the Fibonacci sequence be found?

- Fibonacci sequence can be found anywhere and it can be seen from objects to living
things.
6. What are some natural phenomena created by using the Fibonacci sequence?
- The Fibonacci sequence is a sequence or pattern that appears everywhere in nature;
from the proportions of your fingers, the arrangement of leafs in plants, up to the
structure of the DNA. Even living things in nature appear in Fibonacci sequences. A
typical example is the sunflower flower which usually gives the number of leaves
according to Fibonacci numbers, i.e., 55 or 89 leaves.

7. Complete the sequence using the Fibonacci:

a) 3,4,7,11,18, 29, 47, 76, 123, 199
b) 44,45, 89, 134, 223, 357, 580, 937
c) 20, 21, 41, 62, 103, 165, 268, 433, 701, 1134, 1835
d) 15, 16, 31, 47, 78, 125, 203, 328,5 31

8. What are the two (2) types of pattern in nature?

- Natural patterns include symmetries, trees, spirals, meanders, waves, foams,
tessellations, cracks and stripes.

9. How do kinds of pattern in nature differ?

10. What is the help of development of mathematical theories to nature?