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moisture adsorption. In comparison to other samples, silica gel produced at pH 5

exhibited the highest level of moisture adsorption. In addition to absorbing water at the

maximum rate, pH 5 silica gel may do so up to 28 times increase in weight. Finally, using

the scalloped tape test method, the silica gel's adhesive properties on samples of

aluminum fins were evaluated. It was found that etching the aluminum fins with sulfuric

acid prior to silica gel dipping improved the adhesive characteristic of the silica gel on the

fins. The surface of particles can be made significantly rougher by the acid.

In the study of Setyawan et. al. (2021) entitled "Synthesis of silica from rice

husk by sol-gel method' stated that waste's silica could be utilized in place of natural

silica for a number of applications. The sol-gel method has been used to extract silica

from rice husk (RH) without using an excessive amount of energy. KOH was used for

extraction at concentrations of 7, 10, and 13% for 90, 120, and 150 minutes, respectively.

They found out that the extraction method utilizing KOH 7% (average 9.03%) produced

the highest extraction yield. The highest yield of silica could be produced at the lowest

KOH content. The silica was identified as amorphous silica based on the broad peaks at

2 = 22° and XRD analysis, which revealed that its pattern matched that of commercial

goods. Rice husk was converted into high-purity amorphous silica using KOH 7% at 120

min (95.34%). A high BET surface area and high reactivity were produced by the process

conditions. For the purpose of increasing silica purity, the washing procedure must be

strengthened.

The study of Ansary et. al. (2018) entitled "Sol-gel Process Applications: A

Mini-Review" concluded that after conducting a thorough investigation into the sol-gel

process and its uses, it has become clear that the process is slow, low temperature, and

of average cost. The benefits of the sol-gel technology, however, outweigh the

disadvantages of this approach. These qualities could be attributed to low viscosity,

which aids in covering and reaching nooks and crannies in complex geometries. The
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composition of the deposition layer is completely under control, which is another benefit

of this beneficial method. Since numerous organic and inorganic materials and their

mixtures could be utilized as the necessary deposition layer, the possibilities are

effectively boundless. Besides coating purposes, this process helps us produce

composite layers, fibers, spheres, grains, etc. that might not be easy or cheap to be

produced via high-tech processes such as plasma spattering. On the other side, there

could be limits to this process as unwanted cracks in the solidified section and slow

process speed. In a comparison, as this method improves the quality of parts and devices

in a wide range of optics, sensing and powder making, it continues to be a reliable and

yet to discover technique.