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Camille Mackedon

Professor Gonzales

ENC 1102

19 February 2023

Annotated Bibliography

Frisby, Cynthia M., and Wayne Wanta. “Media Hype and Its Influence on Athletic

Performance.” Advances in Journalism and Communication, Scientific

Research Publishing, Inc, 1 Jan. 2018,

https://www.academia.edu/93514152/Media_Hype_and_Its_Influence_on_Athl

etic_Performance

In Cynthia Frisby, and Wayne Wanta’s article “Media Hype and Its Influence” they

explain how they created a survey for college athletics to see if sports-related news outlets

affect athletes' self-perceptions of emotions, motivations, and attitudes (Wanta & Frisby,

2018). The main purpose of this article is to bring exposure and discuss the stress that

collegiate athletes go through that can come from many different sources. The authors

examine whether media use contributes to or eases the level of stress among collegiate

athletes (Wanta & Frisby, 2018). One of the primary sources can be the media. Not only are

collegiate athletes required to attend long hours of practices each day, travel to far-away

games, and maintain a high-grade point average but they also have media coverage to worry

about. Media can brutally critique collegiate athletes, and even make some athletes' personal

lives feel invaded. Media can also give other athletes high expectations or huge amounts of

pressure to perform just like the star athletes that the media is covering. On the other hand,

media coverage of athletes can be a positive thing by being an outlet for distraction or
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entertainment to help relieve athletes' pressure (Wanta & Frisby, 2018). The article states, that

some athletes like to control their athletic environment in order to gain positive coverage or

comments for the media known as “self-handicapping.” These athletes love to use excuses to

protect their egos or self-esteem. If athletes have a negative perception of themselves, it can

obstruct their ability to perform successfully. They discuss both the negative and positive

impacts media coverage can have on collegiate athletes (Wanta & Frisby, 2018).

I picked this article because it has a lot of value and contributes to the topic I'm

exploring because it gives me answers to my questions. It gives both negative and positive

impacts of social media use of athletes and explains how it can influence sports performance.

My research topic is “The Impact of Fame on Sports Performance” and this article gives me

information to help further my research findings. This article relates to my other chosen

articles because they all focus on social media and its impacts on athletes in diverse ways.

Brougham, Jessica K. The Impact of Social Media on the Mental Health of

Student-Athletes. 2021,

https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2356&context=etd.

In Jessica Broughman's article “The Impact of Social Media on the Mental

Health of Student Athletes” she explores the impacts of social media on the mental

health of student-athletes, by examining ninety-four student athletes throughout the

NCAA (Brougham, 2021). The argument and main focus of the article are to show the

effects of social media on athletes' mental health, which can then affect their

performance. The method Broughman used survey methodology to answer the research

questions. Athletes were asked how they feel their use of social media affects their lives

as student-athletes (Brougham, 2021). The results showed both positive and negative
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effects. Some athletes said that social media was something that they were able to use

to escape their stresses. Some athletes said that social media gave them motivation,

because it gave them access to their peers and competition. On other hand, some

athletes noted social media use as vulnerable, had them lose sleep, and made them

procrastinate (Brougham, 2021).

I picked this article because it goes along with my topic of “The Impact of Fame on

Sports Performance” because it focuses on the mental health aspect, which then affects

performance. This article will help me discover answers to my research question and

gives specific information on the mental side of it. This article also relates to the other

articles, because they all discuss the positive and negative impacts of social media on

athletes in various ways. This source unquestionably points me in a very useful

direction, by giving me direct answers to my research questions.

Hudimova, Alisar, et al. “Research on the Relationship between Excessive Use of

Social Media and ...” Http://Ekhsuir.kspu.edu, 2021,

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357538541_Research_on_the_relation

ship_between_excessive_use_of_social_media_and_young_athletes'_physical_a

ctivity

In the article “Research on the relationship between excessive use of social media and

young athletes’ physical activity” the authors talk about the ambivalent effect social media

can have on the physical activity of young athletes. Social media can have copious amounts

of impact on athletes, specifically younger ones. The main purpose of this article is to show

the relationship between young athletes and the psychological disorders they can develop

from the excessive use of social media (Hudimova et al., 2021). The author's research
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methods were based on using google forms and statistical analysis (Hudimova et al., 2021).

The results showed that during covid, young athletes preferred to displace bad thoughts and

distract from training by spending too much time on social media (Hudimova et al., 2021).

I picked this article because it is relevant to my topic: “The Impact of Fame on Sports

Performance.” It gives an alternative view and focuses not on just athletes as a whole, but

mainly on younger athletes. This focus on the effects of social media on younger athletes can

help further my findings and give me interesting results. This source is relevant to my other

used sources, being that this source discusses the negative impacts of social media use on

athletes. My other sources used also focus on the effects of social media on sports

performance. This source doesn't change my view on any other sources ive used but it just

shows a different perspective since it focuses on younger athletes.

Gruettner, A., Vitisvorakarn, M., Wambsganss, T., Rietsche, R., & Back, A. (2020). (PDF)

the new window to athletes' soul - what social media tells us ... Scholar Space .

Retrieved March 8, 2023, from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336903215_The_New_Window_to_Athlete

s'_Soul_-_What_Social_Media_Tells_Us_About_Athletes'_Performances

In the article “The New Window to Athletes’ Soul – What Social Media Tells Us

About Athletes’ Performances” the authors discuss the one factors that shaping is

professional sports, which is social media. The authors describe the use of social media as

both a good and bad thing. On one hand, social media is great when it comes to informing

and distributing news to people. On the other hand, athletes can use social media to

communicate with fans, brands, or other athletes. But is this excessive use of social media

affecting athletic performance is the question (Gruettner et al., 2020). The authors see this
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particular question as an ongoing topic, because many followers of sports and researchers are

all asking the same question about if social media is or is not affecting sports performance.

The research methods the authors used by conducting a social media usage and sentiment

analysis. They used 124,341 tweets taken from thirty-one tennis athletes. They then

connected that data over eight- thousand match day performances (Gruettner et al., 2020).

The results showed that a high amount of social media usage has negative impacts on athletic

performance (Gruettner et al., 2020).

This particular source is relevant to the topic of my research project because it helps

further my findings. This specific source found that social media can have negative impacts

on sports performance. I can use these results in my own research project. The way this

source helps me learn about writing, is the use of social involves writing about various topics,

and these topics can have negative effects on groups of people such as athletes. This source

relates to my other chosen sources because they all talk about the same topic, which is the

effects of social media on athletic performance. Reading this source doesn't change the way I

think about the other sources I’ve gathered because they are all very similar and they all have

similar findings. This source will definitely benefit my research findings because it gave very

interesting results and answers my research question directly.

Hayes , M., Filo, K., Guerin, A., & Riot , C. (2020, February 16). An exploration of the

distractions inherent to social media use among athletes. Sport Management Review.

Retrieved March 8, 2023, from

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1441352319303675

In the article “An exploration of the distractions inherent to social media use among

athletes” the authors examine the many benefits and challenges athletes who use social media
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can go through. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the components of social media

that athletes view to be distracting during crucial sports events and the practices they

undertake to address such distractions (Hayes et al., 2020). The authors view this topic as a

contribution to an ongoing topic because, there is a huge debate between sport stakeholder

over what the appropriate use of social media is among athletes. The research methods that

the authors used were by interviewing professional Australian athletes and collecting and

analyzing data using thematic analysis (Hayes et al., 2020). The results show numerous

elements corresponding to distraction. This includes positive and negative messages, pressure

from brand companies, and competitors' content (Hayes et al., 2020). Athletes also reported

two main practices that assisted in overcoming these distractions, which includes turning off

social media accounts (Hayes et al., 2020).

This source is relevant to my research topic since it talks about the impacts social

media can have on athletes. They examined how social media can be highly distracting,

which can then affect their overall sports performance. The results from this sources, point

me in a great direction being it helps extend my research discoveries. This source relates to

the other sources ive chosen since they discuss a similar topic: social media and athletes. This

source doesn't necessarily change my view on the other sources I’ve found, but just shows an

alternate view of the topic and helps me learn more which is why I found it so useful.
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