PAPER ABOUT TRANSLATION

Culture is the characteristic of group of people defined by everything such as language,

religion, lifestyle etc. Different people in different societies have different culture but
they also have some similarities. The culture varies in different things such as clothes,
foods, religion and many others.

Culture is the identity of a group of people living in specific place; they have their own
sketch of life what the culture says they follow that. We have seen that a lot of people
do some specific thing they first thought about their culture, what my culture says on
this occasion. Especially on the occasion of wedding, and some other celebrating days
they follow strictly their culture. Those who do not follow their culture or do some
changes in that, they haven’t give any values to them because they are not following
their religion.

Different people define culture in different ways, for example “Culture: learned and
shared human patterns or models for living; day- to-day living patterns, these patterns
and models pervade all aspects of human social interaction. Culture is mankind’s
primary adaptive mechanism”. Another author says that “Culture is the collective
programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category of people
from another.”. From these definitions it is clear that both explains the same idea but
in different words, says that culture is first learned after learning it is then shared so
it’s a common fact that the younger first learn the culture from their elders and when
these young become elders they transfer it to the next generation. But the culture
learned it includes all the aspects of human interaction and thus it become the
mankind’s adoptive mechanism. In the second definition the author says that the
culture is the programming of mind so it includes everything related with the mind
programming and because of these different minds programming different group of
people distinguish from each other’s.

As we discussed earlier that culture are learnt from their elders, culture is not the thing
you study for it and you know it but it is just the process you pass from it, after that
you will know about the culture. It is just like the thing that inherited in someone
nature. All action the action we do like eating, dressing wearing ornaments etc is the
result of culture we learned. One author says about learning culture “Babies and
children learn about their culture by watching their parents and close family. They
copy behavior they have seen and adopt different roles”3 and that’s fact that babies
and children learned culture by watching their parents and close family and then they
apply these different roles in their Daily life and thus adapt their culture.

Culture is something that is shared among groups of people. It is not the thing that
someone possess it individually. Culture is always transferred through sharing so it
mean that for transferring the culture the sharing is must. The sharing of culture refers
to the term called enculturation according to author “Process of learning culture is
called enculturation”4. Culture is shared in many ways; the main way for transferring
the culture is the language. Language is the form of social communication and the
knowledge is transferred through group discussion, public speaking and informal
communication. The second way is the use of communication technologies nowadays
like TV, DVD, internet etc play also important role in sharing the culture. These modern
technologies have exposed every culture to the whole world.

Culture is social it is not the individual phenomena. it is the product of society and
originates and grows through social interaction. Something is differentiable to us
through comparison, so for distinguishes culture we have to compare it with some
other then we will know about all aspects of that culture therefore the culture must be
social and without it there is no concept of culture. One author says that “culture can
be thought of as the normative order, operating through operational and social
influence, that guide and constrains the behavior of people in collectives”5 .so from
above statement it is clear that culture is the overall thought in a normative order, and
these thoughts are pass through several operational and social influences, it means
that their also occur some changes in culture but these changes are collectively and
thus people of that culture adopt their behavior to the culture.

Culture is the continuous process, Culture is growing whole which includes in itself, the
achievements of the past and present and makes provision for the future
achievements of mankind. Culture is the result of past and present changes that occur
in it, and thus it absorb that changes in itself and the culture become the result of past
and present experiences and the process continue to next generation and so on.
“Hence some sociologists like Lotion called culture the social heritage of man”.

Culture is always adaptive, even changes occur in culture but is very slow process and
generally it is adaptive to all the people associated with that culture. when their occur
some changes in the culture then at the same time people become use to with it and
thus they feel nothing about their culture even people of other cultures will says
anything about that culture but the people of that culture they are adapt with it. One
author says about it that “The biological modifications and adjustments are always
flexible to adapt even in the harsh conditions of the environment”.it means that the
changes occur in the culture is flexible, easy for everyone to follow.