POLARITY OF MOLECULES

Objective
1.Determine if a molecule is polar
or non polar given its structure.
2.Relate the polarity of a molecule
to its properties.
 Review
Identify the missing species
represented by X.
14 0
a. X 7 N +-1 e
78 0
b. 33 As X + -1 β
IMPORTANT TERMS:
ELECTRONEGATIVITY (EN) - Measure of the relative tendency of an atom to
attract electrons to itself when chemically combined with another atom. The
higher the value of electronegativity, the more it tends to attract electrons
toward itself.
MOLECULES – the smallest particle of a compound, or a gaseous element that
can exist and still retain the characteristic chemical properties of a substance.
ELEMENTS – are basic substances that cannot be broken down into anything
simpler.
COMPOUNDS – are combinations of two or more elements and can be broken
down into simpler substances. Compounds are formed when atoms are held
together by an attractive force called a chemical bond.
IMPORTANT TERMS:
VALENCE ELECTRON – the electrons in the outer most orbital of an atom.
VSEPR THEORY (valence shell electron pair repulsion theory) – helps
predict the spatial arrangement of atoms in a polyatomic molecule.
SOLUBILITY – refers to the ability of a solute to dissolve in a certain
amount of solvent.
MISCIBILITY – the ability of two liquids to mix in all proportions.
GENERAL RULE:
“Like dissolves like” or “like mixes with like”. This refers to substances
being able to mix due to their same polarity.
IN THE EXPERIMENT:
1.water and vinegar – polar substances
2.gasoline and oil – non polar substances
3.oil and vinegar do not mix
4.gasoline and water because their
5.Vinegar and gasoline polarities are
different