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 5 MYTHS
I. IBANAG TRIBE MYTH ( CAGAYAN )
“Why There is High Tide during a Full Moon”
Long, long ago only gods lived in this world, the earth, seas, and sky were ruled by
three different powerful gods. The sun god, who ruled the sky, had a very beautiful daughter,
Luna, the moon. Luna enjoyed going around the heavens in her golden chariot. One day she
found herself taking another path that led her outside her kingdom. She wandered on until she
reached the place where the sky met the sea. Beautiful and unusual sights greeted her eyes. As
she was admiring the beautiful things around her, a voice startled her. It asked, "Where has thou
come from, most beautiful one?"
Turning around she saw a young man who looked much like her father though fairer. She wanted
to run away, but when she looked at him again, she saw that he was smiling at her. Taking
courage she answered, "I am Luna, daughter of the sun god."
The young man smiled at her and answered, "I am Mar, the son of the sea god. Welcome to our
kingdom." Soon the two became good friends. They had many interesting stories to tell each
other. When it was time for Luna to go, they promised to see each other as often as they could,
for they have many more tales to tell. They continued meeting at the same spot until they
realized that they were in love with each other.
One day after one of their secret meetings, Luna went back to the heavens full of joy. She was so
happy that she told her secret to one of her cousins. The cousin, jealous of her beauty and her
happiness, reported the affair to the sun god. The sun god was angered at his daughter's
disobedience to the immortal laws. He shut her in their garden and did not let her leave. Then he
sent a messenger to the sea god informing him that his son Mar disobeyed the immortal law. The
sea god, who was also angered by his son's disobedience, imprisoned him in one of his sea caves.
Luna stayed in the garden for some time. She was very sad at not being able to see Mar. She
longed to be with him again. Feeling very restless one day, she escaped from the garden. She
took her golden chariot and rushed to their meeting place. Mar, who was imprisoned in the sea
cave, saw her reflection in the water. He wanted to get out to meet her. He tried hard to get out of
his cave causing unrest in the sea. Luna waited for Mar to appear, but he did not come. Then she
went back home very sad. Each time she remembered Mar, she would rush out in the golden
chariot to the meeting place, hoping to see him again.
The fishermen out in the sea believe that the sea gets troubled each time Luna, the moon,
appears. "It is Mar trying to escape from his cave," they say.

II. ILOKO MYTH (ILOCOS REGION)

“The Gods and Goddesses”
Cabalangegan was a formerly a jungle at the edge of the river Abra. On the far side of
the river were mountains, high and steep. On these mountains lived an old man named Abra, the
father of Caburayan. The old man controlled the weather. It is said that the river Abra was
covered by a gathering of water vapor at night, and during the days, it was always bright with
sunlight.

At that time Anianihan, god of Harvests, was in love with Caburayan, goddess of healing. Her
mother, Lady Makiling, knew about their mutual attraction, but Abra did not know it because the
three were afraid to tell him since he might punished them as he disapproved of Anianihan. Abra
wanted his daughter to marry either Saguday, god of the wind, or Revenador, god of thunder and
lightning. This being so, Anianihan took Caburayan from her home. Abra wept a great deal. He
sent Lady Makiling away after beating her.

When Abra was alone, he wept day and night till Bulan, god of peace and calm, came. Though
Bulan was there to brighten Abra’s spirits, Abra did not stop weeping. He could not express his
anger. He begged the other gods to bring back his daughter.

One day the sun, eye of Amman, shone so brightly that the water of the river Abra was
excessively heated. Smoke rose from the the river. Soon, thick, black clouds began to darken the
sky. Then Saguday sent the strongest wind until the crowns of the trees brushed the ground. The
god Revenador sent down the largest strings of fire. The heaviest rains fell.  All these frightful
events lasted seven days. The river Abra then rose and covered the trees. There rose a vast body
of water until only the highest part of the mountain could be seen. It looked like a back of a turtle
from a distance.  This was the spot where Abra lived.

On the seventh day, Abra heard a cry. He also heard a most sorrowful song.  Abra dried his tears
and looked around, but he saw no one. He was determined to find Maria Makiling, his
grandchild. He did not find her, for the cries of the baby stopped.

The search for the baby lasted three full moons but to no avail, and the poor old man returned to
his home very sad. He lost all hope; his wits were gone. At that time Maria Makiling was under
the care of the fierce dog Lobo, who was under a god of the Underworld. He had been punished
by the other gods, and that is why he looked like a fierce dog. He was sent down to do charity.

III. IFUGAO MYTH

“Why the Dead Comeback No More”
A very long time ago, there lived a very kind woman with her three little
children. She loved her children so much that she worked hard to be able to feed them.
One day she fell ill, and in a short time she died. Her spirit went to Kadungayan, of course, as
she lived a good life, but one night she thought of her poor little children whom she left on
earth. She imagined that no one cared for them and that they must be hungry and cold. She pitied
them so much that she decided to go back to earth.
When she reached their house, she called her eldest child to open the door for her. The children
recognized their mother’s voice and opened the door at once. She went in and spoke to them, but
they could not see her because it was so very dark and their fire had gone out. The children had
not built a fire since their mother died. The children were too small, and they did not know how
to build one.
So the woman sent her eldest child to beg for fire from the neighbors as she felt very cold. The
poor child went to the first house, but when she told them that she wanted fire for her mother
who had come back home, the people just laughed at her. They did not give her fire. She went to
the next house, but the same thing happened. Thus, she went to the next house, from house to
house, but no one believed that her mother had come back. They thought the poor child had gone
out of her mind. So the poor child went home without fire. The woman was very angry with all
the unkind people.  She said, “Am I to die a second death because men are so selfish? Come, my
children, let us all go to that better place where I came from – Kandungayan. There are no selfish
people there.”
She took a jar of water and went outside in the yard. She shouted to all the people, “Ah, what
selfish people you all are. From this time on all people will follow my example. No man will
ever come back again to earth after death.” With these words she smashed the jar on a big
stone. This made a horrible sound. All the people became silent with fear.
The next morning the people came out to see what had caused the great voice. They saw the bits
of broken jar and they found the three children dead. They now knew that the woman had really
come back home that night and that in her anger at their selfishness had taken her three children
with her. The people were so sorry for not having given fire to the little girl.
Since then no dead person has ever come back to earth.

IV. IGOROT MYTH (LUZON)

In the beginning there were no

people on the earth.
Lumawig, the Great Spirit,
came down from the sky and
cut many reeds. He divided
these into pairs
which he placed in different
parts of the world, and then he
said to them, "You must speak."
Immediately the reeds became
people, and in each place was a
man and a woman who could
talk, but
the language of each couple
differed from that of the others.
Then Lumawig commanded
each man and woman to marry,
which they did. By and by there
were
many children, all speaking the
same language as their parents.
These, in turn, married and had
many
children. In this way there came
to be many people on the earth.
Now Lumawig saw that there
were several things which the
people on the earth needed to
use, so he
set to work to supply them. He
created salt, and told the
inhabitants of one place to boil
it down and
sell it to their neighbors. But
these people could not
understand the directions of the
Great Spirit, and
the next time he visited them,
they had not touched the salt.
Then he took it away from them
and gave it to the people of a
place called Mayinit. These did
as he
directed, and because of this he
told them that they should
always be owners of the salt,
and that the
other peoples must buy of them.
Then Lumawig went to the
people of Bontoc and told them
to get clay and make pots. They
got the
clay, but they did not
understand the molding, and
the jars were not well shaped.
Because of their
failure, Lumawig told them that
they would always have to buy
their jars, and he removed the
pottery
to Samoki. When he told the
people there what to do, they
did just as he said, and their jars
were well
shaped and beautiful. Then the
Great Spirit saw that they were
fit owners of the pottery, and he
told
them that they should always
make many jars to sell.
In this way Lumawig taught the
people and brought to them all
the things which they now have.
In the beginning there were no
people on the earth.
Lumawig, the Great Spirit,
came down from the sky and
cut many reeds. He divided
these into pairs
which he placed in different
parts of the world, and then he
said to them, "You must speak."
Immediately the reeds became
people, and in each place was a
man and a woman who could
talk, but
the language of each couple
differed from that of the others.
Then Lumawig commanded
each man and woman to marry,
which they did. By and by there
were
many children, all speaking the
same language as their parents.
These, in turn, married and had
many
children. In this way there came
to be many people on the earth.
Now Lumawig saw that there
were several things which the
people on the earth needed to
use, so he
set to work to supply them. He
created salt, and told the
inhabitants of one place to boil
it down and
sell it to their neighbors. But
these people could not
understand the directions of the
Great Spirit, and
the next time he visited them,
they had not touched the salt.
Then he took it away from them
and gave it to the people of a
place called Mayinit. These did
as he
directed, and because of this he
told them that they should
always be owners of the salt,
and that the
other peoples must buy of them.
Then Lumawig went to the
people of Bontoc and told them
to get clay and make pots. They
got the
clay, but they did not
understand the molding, and
the jars were not well shaped.
Because of their
failure, Lumawig told them that
they would always have to buy
their jars, and he removed the
pottery
to Samoki. When he told the
people there what to do, they
did just as he said, and their jars
were well
shaped and beautiful. Then the
Great Spirit saw that they were
fit owners of the pottery, and he
told
them that they should always
make many jars to sell.
In this way Lumawig taught the
people and brought to them all
the things which they now have.
In the beginning there were no
people on the earth.
Lumawig, the Great Spirit,
came down from the sky and
cut many reeds. He divided
these into pairs
which he placed in different
parts of the world, and then he
said to them, "You must speak."
Immediately the reeds became
people, and in each place was a
man and a woman who could
talk, but
the language of each couple
differed from that of the others.
Then Lumawig commanded
each man and woman to marry,
which they did. By and by there
were
many children, all speaking the
same language as their parents.
These, in turn, married and had
many
children. In this way there came
to be many people on the earth.
Now Lumawig saw that there
were several things which the
people on the earth needed to
use, so he
set to work to supply them. He
created salt, and told the
inhabitants of one place to boil
it down and
sell it to their neighbors. But
these people could not
understand the directions of the
Great Spirit, and
the next time he visited them,
they had not touched the salt.
Then he took it away from them
and gave it to the people of a
place called Mayinit. These did
as he
directed, and because of this he
told them that they should
always be owners of the salt,
and that the
other peoples must buy of them.
Then Lumawig went to the
people of Bontoc and told them
to get clay and make pots. They
got the
clay, but they did not
understand the molding, and
the jars were not well shaped.
Because of their
failure, Lumawig told them that
they would always have to buy
their jars, and he removed the
pottery
to Samoki. When he told the
people there what to do, they
did just as he said, and their jars
were well
shaped and beautiful. Then the
Great Spirit saw that they were
fit owners of the pottery, and he
told
them that they should always
make many jars to sell.
In this way Lumawig taught the
people and brought to them all
the things which they now have.
In the beginning there were no
people on the earth.
Lumawig, the Great Spirit,
came down from the sky and
cut many reeds. He divided
these into pairs
which he placed in different
parts of the world, and then he
said to them, "You must speak."
Immediately the reeds became
people, and in each place was a
man and a woman who could
talk, but
the language of each couple
differed from that of the others.
Then Lumawig commanded
each man and woman to marry,
which they did. By and by there
were
many children, all speaking the
same language as their parents.
These, in turn, married and had
many
children. In this way there came
to be many people on the earth.
Now Lumawig saw that there
were several things which the
people on the earth needed to
use, so he
set to work to supply them. He
created salt, and told the
inhabitants of one place to boil
it down and
sell it to their neighbors. But
these people could not
understand the directions of the
Great Spirit, and
the next time he visited them,
they had not touched the salt.
Then he took it away from them
and gave it to the people of a
place called Mayinit. These did
as he
directed, and because of this he
told them that they should
always be owners of the salt,
and that the
other peoples must buy of them.
Then Lumawig went to the
people of Bontoc and told them
to get clay and make pots. They
got the
clay, but they did not
understand the molding, and
the jars were not well shaped.
Because of their
failure, Lumawig told them that
they would always have to buy
their jars, and he removed the
pottery
to Samoki. When he told the
people there what to do, they
did just as he said, and their jars
were well
shaped and beautiful. Then the
Great Spirit saw that they were
fit owners of the pottery, and he
told
them that they should always
make many jars to sell.
In this way Lumawig taught the
people and brought to them all
the things which they now have.
“The Creation”
In the beginning there were no people on the earth.
Lumawig, the Great Spirit, came down from the sky and cut many reeds. He divided these into
pairs which he placed in different parts of the world, and then he said to them, "You must speak."
Immediately the reeds became people, and in each place was a man and a woman who could
talk, but the language of each couple differed from that of the others.
Then Lumawig commanded each man and woman to marry, which they did. By and by there
were many children, all speaking the same language as their parents. These, in turn, married and
had many children. In this way there came to be many people on the earth.
Now Lumawig saw that there were several things which the people on the earth needed to use, so
he set to work to supply them. He created salt, and told the inhabitants of one place to boil it
down and sell it to their neighbors. But these people could not understand the directions of the
Great Spirit, and the next time he visited them, they had not touched the salt.
Then he took it away from them and gave it to the people of a place called Mayinit. These did as
he directed, and because of this he told them that they should always be owners of the salt, and
that the other peoples must buy of them.
Then Lumawig went to the people of Bontoc and told them to get clay and make pots. They got
the clay, but they did not understand the molding, and the jars were not well shaped.
Because of their failure, Lumawig told them that they would always have to buy their jars, and
he removed the pottery to Samoki. When he told the people there what to do, they did just as he
said, and their jars were well
shaped and beautiful. Then the Great Spirit saw that they were fit owners of the pottery, and he
told them that they should always make many jars to sell.
In this way Lumawig taught the people and brought to them all the things which they now have.

V. MANDAYA TRIBE MYTH (MINDANAO)

“The Children of Limokon”

In the very early days before there were any people on the earth, the limokon (a kind
of dove) were very powerful and could talk like men though they looked like birds. One limokon
laid two eggs, one at the mouth of the Mayo River and one farther up its course. After some time
these eggs hatched, and the one at the mouth of the river became a man, while the other became
a woman.

The man lived alone on the bank of the river for a long time, but he was very lonely and wished
many times for a companion. One day when he was crossing the river something was swept
against his legs with such force that it nearly caused him to drown. On examining it, he found
that it was a hair, and he determined to go up the river and find whence it came. He traveled up
the stream, looking on both banks, until finally he found the woman, and he was very happy to
think that at last he could have a companion.

They were married and had many children, who are the Mandaya still living along the Mayo
River.
 5 LEGENDS
I.
“The Legend of the Sleeping Mountain Beauty of Kalinga”
In those days, tribes were not in good terms with each other. Tribal wars were common.
There was a man in Tinglayan called Banna, who had extraordinary bravery and strength. He had
an unusual charm so people look up to him for leadership. He was also a very good "ullalim"
singer.
One day Banna realized that he needed a life time partner, someone to share his life with, so he
went in search for a wife. Since there were no eligible women in his barrio he decided to ascend
Mount Patukan, a mountain east of Tinglayan and go to the sitio of Dacalan, Tanudan.
While it was still daylight, he stopped and rested under a big tree at a distance away from the
village so that no one could see him. This is because he might provoke trouble by his presence.
When night came, Banna slowly went down nearer to the village and searched for a place to
observe. After some time, he heard a soft, melodious female voice singing the ullalim. He was
drawn to the voice and moved closer to the hut. Peeping, he saw the most beautiful woman he
had ever set eyes on. Long, wavy hair, dark, fringed eyes, and a voice that grew sweeter and
sweeter as he drew closer to the hut. Banna was mesmerized...captivated by the lyrical voice.
The leaves of the trees around him seemed to be dancing in unison with the woman's ululations.
He knew it was extremely dangerous for him to reveal himself inside the village territory, but his
burning desire to meet the woman, was stronger than his sense of survival.
He knocked boldly at the "sawali" (bamboo made) walls of the hut.
" Anna tago," (Someone's here.)
" Umma sanat?" (Who is it?), the singing stopped, but the spoken words were the most appealing
sound Banna had ever heard.
" This is Banna" from Tinglayan.
He heard hurried movements from the house, then a male voice spoke harshly, "What do you
need?"
The natives were very protective of their women and properties, and Banna knew that he could
get killed by his boldness.
"I don't mean any harm, I come in peace. I would like to meet the woman who sings the ullalim
with passion."
The family was so nervous of letting a stranger in the house and had urged him to go home
instead. But Banna was persistent and had refused to go.
Dongdongan - the father of the woman - slowly opened the door and saw a young, handsome
man standing like a sentinel at the door. He repeated his plea for Banna to leave but the stance of
the Banna indicated, he would not be budged from where he stood. So, he reluctantly let him in.
"I am Banna from Tinglayan"
Once inside the house, as dictated by tradition, Dongdongan handed Banna a bowl of water. It
was an old tradition that once a stranger is accepted into a house, it is also understood that he will
be protected and kept safe by the host family. As a symbol of this unwritten agreement, the
stranger would be given a drink of water. This is called "paniyao". If a stranger is not given one,
then it denotes an existing hostility which may result to a deadly fight if the stranger does not
leave immediately.
The second phase of the ritual continued. Dongdongan offered Banna the "buyo" - a bland,
powder which when chewed with certain leaves would produce red tinged saliva. This
concoction is called "moma".
Ullalim was the official means of communication then so they sang as they talked. Banna too
had a strong, masculine voice and it was apparent he could sing well.
In his ullalim Banna revealed his search for a wife. Dongdongan introduced him to her daughter,
Edonsan, who readily accepted Banna's handshake.
Banna, then and there proposed to Edonsan. Edonsan in turn, accepted the proposal and there
was a flurry of activity, as all the village folk were invited to a meeting and then a "canao"
(festivities with dancing and singing). Banna and Edonsan dance the "salidsid" (courtship dance)
to the tempo of the gongs, while the community participated in the "tadok" (dance for all). The
celebration lasted the whole day, with everyone in the village participating. No one had gone to
the fields and to the kaingin as people usually did. The village people were the witnesses to the
exchange of vows between the two. There were no officiating priests or Judges, no official
documents to sign, but the vows were always kept and were considered sacred by everyone in
the village.
Tradition also dictated that Banna had to stay with Edonsan's family for 7 days to prove his
sincerity and purity of intention. Banna and Edonsan had their honeymoon along the slope of the
Patokan Mountain picking guavas and wild strawberries, making love and dropping by the river
to catch fish for supper.
In the evening of each day for the seven days that Banna was there, Edonsan took Banna to each
of her relative's house. It is considered good luck to do so, as it is believed that the blessings and
approval of relatives are vital to the happiness of the couple.
At the end of the 7th day, the couple prepared to leave for Banna's village where they will
establish residence. The parents of Edonsan and the village people prepared native cakes and
tobacco as gifts for the departure of the newly married couple.
As dawn broke, the village people came together to see them off. The two left happily, with their
hands entwined against each other. The trail was adorned with guavas and strawberries and they
had a handful as they trek towards the summit of Patokan. It took them 8 arduous hours to get to
the top.
As soon as they reached the top, they heard unusual noises coming from Banna's village which
was a few miles below them.
Banna had a premonition that it was something dangerous so he instructed Edonsan to stay put
and wait for him. He was going down to his village to investigate the cause of the ruckus.
Banna ran all the way down to the village. As soon as he was seen by the village people, a cheer
reverberated in the air. He was informed hastily that their village was under siege and that his
leadership was needed to drive the trespassers away.
The bloody, face to face encounter of the two warring tribes went on for hours, spears and bolos
clashed against each other as more bodies piled up in between the cluster of the nipa huts. The
great number of the invading tribe slowly weakened Banna's men. One by one they fell,
bloodied, to the ground. He could not possibly go back to Edonsan, Banna thought. He would
fight up to his very last breath - but he had to make sure Edonsan does not come down to the
village.
Hastily, he instructed one of his men to warn Edonsan, but the man never made it far. He and
Banna were simultaneously wounded and fell bleeding to the ground. Banna died with his spear
in his hand and his last vision was the face of Edonsan .
Edonsan, on the other hand, waited and waited...and waited. But there was no Banna to take her
home. She was weak from weariness and heartache. She had no desire to live without her Banna.
When it was evident, Banna was not coming for her, she slowly crumpled to the grassy- matted
forest and wept uncontrollably. Tears flowed down from her cheeks as she grew weaker and
weaker and the tears flowed more and more copiously.
Night came and Banna had not returned yet...and Edonsan had grown weak with grief and
fatigue, her breath slowly coming out in gasps... until she closed her eyes and breathed her last.
On the spot where her body was laid to rest, sprang two waterfalls which are believed to be the
tears of Edonsan.
In Tinglayan, one can clearly see from a distance, the beautifully, shaped body of a reclining
woman.
And that is the legend of "The Sleeping Beauty" folks, as handed down orally, from one
generation to another.
As the story is passed on, additions and omissions are done by each set of generation. What is
important is that the undying love of Banna and Edonsan will always be remembered by the
people of Kalinga.
II.
“The Legend of the Banana Plant”
In the early days when the world was new, spirits and ghosts lurked everywhere. They
lived in gloomy caves, they hid in anthills and tree trunks they frolicked in nooks and corners
under the houses. In the dark, sometimes their tiny voices could be heard dimly, or their ghostly
presence be felt. But they were never seen.
It was during these days of phantoms and unseen spirits that a young and beautiful girl lived. Her
name was Raya, and she was a girl bold and daring. She was never afraid of spirits. She would
walk in the shadowy forests, bringing along a lighted candle.
Then she would tiptoe into dark and dirty caves, searching the place for spirits. Raya only felt or
heard them never having seen them. But Raya always felt the presence of one kind spirit,
whenever she walked in the forest the spirit was with her at all times.
One day she heard someone call her name, and she looked up to see a young handsome man. She
asked him who he was, and he replied that his name was Sag-in, and he was the spirit who
followed her around, and even confessed that he had fallen in love with a mortal.
They married had a child and lived happily, but Sag-in knew that his time on earth was short for
he was a spirit-man, and would have to return to the spirit world soon. When he knew his time
had come, he called Raya and explained why he had to leave. As he was slowly vanishing, he
told Raya that he would leave her a part of him. Raya looked down and saw a bleeding heart on
the ground. She took the heart and planted it. She watched it night and day. A plant with long
green leaves sprouted from the grave.
One day, the tree bore fruit shaped like a heart. She touched the fruit and caressed it. Thinking
could this be Sag-in's heart? Slowly the fruit opened , Long golden fruits sprouted from it. Raya
picked one, peeled it and bit into it. Then, she heard Sag-in's voice floating in the air:
"Yes, Raya, it is my heart. I have reappeared to show you that I will never forsake you and our
child. Take care of this plant, and it will take care of you in return. It's trunk and leaves will give
you shelter and clothing. The heart and fruits will be your food. And when you sleep at night, I
will stand and watch by your window. I will stay by your side forever!"
The End.

II.
 “The Legend of the Pineapple”
Once upon a time, there was a woman who lived with her daughter Pina in a tiny hut in
the village. They were poor, and the mother worked day and night to make both ends meet. No
matter how hard she worked, though, she never got any help from her daughter.
Pina was a lazy, spoiled kid who liked to play in the backyard all day. Whenever her mother
asked for help around the house or tried to send her on an errand, she would always find an
excuse by saying she can’t find the object that was needed to complete that task. If her mother
asked her to sweep the house, for example, she would say she cannot find the broom, even if it
was right there in front of her. Needless to say, her mother always ended up doing the work
herself.
One day, her mother became very ill. She called out to Pina, who as usual was playing in the
backyard.
“Pina! Pina! Come over here, anak. I am very sick. Can you cook some porridge for me please? I
am too weak to get up.”
Pina ignored her mother and continued to play.
“Pina, come over here this very instant, or else!” Pina’s mother mustered all her strength just to
say this, but it worked. Pina grudgingly stopped playing and went inside the house. She poked
her head inside her mother’s room.
“What do you want, Nanay (mother)? You really expect me to cook for you? That’s too hard,”
protested Pina, pouting and stomping her feet.
“Pina, it is very simple. Just put some rice in a pot and add water. Once the water boils, let it
simmer for awhile. Stir it occasionally with a ladle. Everything you need should be right there in
the kitchen.”
Pina reluctantly left and went to the kitchen. Her mother could hear her banging the drawers and
cabinets. Then her mother heard her open the back door and sneak out into the backyard. Her
mother waited and waited. Finally, she called out to Pina again.
“Pina, did you cook like I told you to?”
“No,” was the defiant response.
“And why not?” was her mom’s exasperated response.
“Because I could not find the ladle,” was her flippant reply.
“Oh, you lazy child! You probably did not even bother to look for it! What am I going to do with
you? Here I am, sick, and I cannot even count on you!”
Her mother wept bitterly. In her anger, she shouted, “I wish you would grow a thousand eyes all
over your head! Then you can find what you’re looking for. Maybe then you won’t have any
more excuses.”
As soon as she said this, there was complete silence. Her mother thought, “She is trying to be
quiet so I will forget about asking her again.” She sighed.
She waited a little bit to see if Pina would come back. Realizing the wait was futile, she wearily
got up to do the cooking herself. When she looked out into the backyard, Pina was nowhere to be
found. She sighed again and said to herself, “That lazy kid probably went to a friend’s house so
she did not have to do any more errands for me.”
Exhausted from the exertion, she soon went back to her room for a much-needed rest. Weak as
she was, she just tried to do everything by herself, having given up on any help from Pina.
Hours passed by, and then days. Still no sign of her wayward daughter. With a heavy heart, she
thought that Pina had ran away for sure.
When she finally recovered from her illness, the first thing she did was look for Pina. No one had
seen or heard from her. It was like she disappeared into thin air.
Months passed and still no sign of her. The mother felt bad for her angry outburst, and she feared
that she might probably never see her daughter again.
One day, she was sweeping the backyard where Pina used to play. For months now, she had
noticed this strange plant growing on the very spot where she last saw Pina. By this time, the
leaves of the plant had fully opened. Inside, she saw this strange yellow fruit that resembled a
child’s head with a thousand eyes. A thousand eyes…
She suddenly remembered the spiteful words she used that fateful day. With horror, she realized
that in the same way her mother’s love had spoiled her daughter, so did her anger unwittingly
curse her. Somehow, her daughter had been turned into this plant.
To honor the memory of her beloved daughter, she named the fruit Pina. She took such loving
care of it like it was her own daughter. The fruit flourished so well that it bore more and more
fruits, and became popular among the village and the entire country. Its name later evolved to
pinya, or pineapple in English.
And that’s how the pineapple came to be, according to folklore, named after a spoiled child who
was cursed with a thousand eyes…

III.
“The Legend of the Guava”
There was once a very thin King named Barabas who were hated by many people due to
his greediness and madness. He always put on his crown to show the people how powerful he is.
One day while King Barabas is taking his plentiful lunch, there was a very dirty boy who has no
parents go near to him and asked for a small alms.
Have mercy on me King Baravas, I am an orphan. It's been 3 days since the last time I have eaten
a food and I'm always walking around finding a place to stay, pleaded the boy.
And who are you to go near me while I'm taking my meal? You should have ask alms to the
servants not from me, shouted the King.
"I already asked the servants but they refused to give me food", said the boy while crying." Go
away, go, stay out of my sight! You made me lost my appetite," shouted the King to the poor
boy.
Instead of moving away, the boy go much nearer to the King. The King got angry and thrown a
cup of soup to the boy. He was surprised when the boy suddenly disappear and when he started
to stand up to ask for help, he suddenly fall from his chair.
The servants immediately go near the lying King, checked his pulse and shocked to find out that
he's already dead. The King was buried with no condolences from the people.
The people choose a new King and had forgotten King Barabas.
One day, the servant of the new King panting while bringing the news to the new King. There
was a fruit tree that grew on the King Barabas tomb. The tree has a lots of fruits.
"The tree was filled with fruits and everyone of them has a small crown," said the new King. He
picked one fruit and opened it. "Oh, the fruit is filled with seeds. Hard and small seeds." Then the
old woman shouted, "It's as hard as the heart of King Barabas."
Another old man tasted the fruit, "It's so sour, the same sour as the attitude and face of King
Barabas!"
Days had past and nobody heeded the fruit of the tree until it became ripe. The tree then became
enjoyment of the kids, they love to eat the ripe fruit of the tree. The changed, it became sweet
and tasty and aside from that, it has good benefits for the human body.
Since then, the fruit were called "Bayabas" (known as Guava in English language), it was
adapted from the name of the late King Barabas.

IV.
“Legend of the Firefly”
Fireflies!
Lovely little creatures, glittering, sparkling, throwing fragments of light in the dark night skies.
How did the fireflies or alitaptap come about?
Once, along time ago, in the valley of Pinak in Central Luzon, one of the islands in the
Philippines. There was a deep large lake rich with fish. There, the people of Pinak fished for their
food, and always, there was plenty for all. Then suddenly, the big river dried up. In the shallow
mud, there wasn't a fish to catch. For months, there were no rains. Out in the fields, the land
turned dry. The rice-stalks slowly withered. Everywhere in Pinak, there was hunger. Night after
night, the people of Pinak prayed hard.
"Dear Bathala," they would recite together in their small and poorly-built chapel, “send us rains,
give us food to eat. For the people are starving, and there is want among us!"
Then one black and starless night, the good Bathala answered the prayers of the faithful people
of Pinak. For suddenly up in the dark skies appeared a blaze of gold! A beautiful chariot of gold
was zooming thru the sky. The people started to panic but a big booming voice came from the
chariot soothing them with words.
" I am Bula-hari, and I have come with my wife, Bitu-in. We are sent to the heavens to rule
Pinak from now on. We have come to give you good life!" As Bulan-hari spoke, the black skies
burst open. The rain fell in torrents. Soon the dry fields bloomed again. The large lake rose and
once again was filled with fish. The people were happy once more under the rulership of Bulan-
hari.
Soon Bulan-hari and Bitu-in had a daughter. She grew up to be a beautiful maiden. Such long
dark hair! Such lovely eyes under long curling lashes! Her nose was chiselled fine. Her lips like
rosebuds. Her skin was soft and fair like cream. They named her Alitaptap for on her forehead
was a bright sparkling star.
All the young, brave handsome men of Pinak fell in love with Alitaptap. They worshipped her
beauty. They sang songs of love beneath her windows. They all sought to win her heart.
But alas! The heart of Alitaptap wasn't human. She was the daughter of Bulan-hari and Bitu-in,
who burst from the sky and were not of the earth. She had a heart of stone, as cold and as hard as
the sparkling star on her forehead. Alitaptap would never know love.
Then one day, an old woman arrived at the palace. Her hair long and dirty. Her clothing tattered
and soiled. Before the king Bulan-hari, Balo-na, the old, wise woman whined in her sharp
voice... that she had come from her dwelling in the mountains to bear the king sad news. The
news being that she saw the future in a dream and it betold of their fate... the warriors of La-ut
are coming with their mighty swords to conquer the land, the only solution is to have a marriage
between Alitaptap and one of the young men, so as to have a heir to win the war.
At once Bulan-hari pleaded with his daughter to choose one of the young men in their village.
But how could the beautiful maiden understand? Alitaptap's heart of stone merely stood in
silence. Bulan-hari gripped his sword in despair... " Alitapatap!" he bellowed in the quiet palace,
"You will follow me, or you will lay dead this very minute!"
But nothing could stir the lovely young woman's heart. Bulan-hari blind with anger and fear of
the dark future finally drew his sword. Clang! the steel of his sword's blade rang in the silence of
the big palace. It hit the star on Alitaptap's lovely forehead!
The star burst! Darkness was everywhere! Until a thousand chips of glitter and light flew around
the hall. Only the shattered pieces of the star on Alitaptap's forehead lighted the great hall,
flickering as though they were stars with tiny wings.
Alitaptap, the lovely daughter from the heavens lay dead.
And soon, Balo-na's prediction had come true. Riding in stamping wild horses, the warriors of
La-ut came like the rumble and clashes of lightning and thunder. They killed the people of Pinak,
ruined crops, and poisoned the lake. They spread sorrow and destruction everywhere.
When it all ended, the beautiful, peaceful valley of Pinak had turned into an empty and shallow
swamp. At night, there was nothing but darkness. But soon, tiny sparkles of light would flicker
and lend glimmers of brightness in the starless night.
And so, the fireflies came about. Once, a long time ago, they were fragments from the star on the
forehead of Bulan-hari's daughter, the beautiful Alitaptap.
The End.

V.
“Legend of the Firefly”
Once upon a time there lived in the northern side of San Pablo, a well-to-do but childless
couple. They had a large garden of tamarind trees that bore the sweetest fruit in all the land.
Many people from far and wide heard of the tamarind trees. And many of them wanted to taste
the sweet tamarind fruit.
The couple felt very proud of their rich possession. They built a fence around their yard so that
no stranger can pick any of the tamarind fruit. Just to make sure that no one could enter their
yard, they had a big watchdog to guard the yard.
God wanted to test the hospitality of the couple. And so, one day a fairy, disguised as an old
beggar bent and wrinkled with age, approached the couple's garden and begged for some fruit.
"Please give me some tamarind fruit. I am hungry," the old woman pleaded.
The old couple did not even look at the old woman.
"Begone! We don't want to give any of our tamarind fruit away!" replied the couple angrily.
"Please, I am so hungry, and a fruit or two will satisfy me," the old beggar pleaded. "I know your
tamarind trees are laden with the most delicious fruit."
Then, without any further ado, the old woman came near one of the large trees. She stretched out
her wrinkled, skinny hand to pluck a curly thick pod hanging from one of the lower branches.
Upon seeing what the old beggar had done, the couple grew angry. They became so angry that
they hurried back to their house, let their big dog loose, and set it on the poor woman. Alas, the
poor woman was badly bitten.
Patiently, the old beggar bore her pains. But before turning away from that inhospitable spot, she
touched the tamarind tree and, looking at the couple, said, "You shall be punished for your
selfishness." Then she went slowly on her way.
Even before the old woman was out of sight, the sky became overcast. In a short while a terrible
storm broke out, and heavy rain fell through the night.
The following morning all was peaceful. The man and his wife went out for their daily round as
usual. They had hardly taken a few steps when, to their surprise, instead of the tall and green
tamarind trees, there stretched before their unbelieving eyes a vast expanse of water shining in
the morning sun.
Still unconvinced about what had happened, the couple went forward up to the bank of what now
appeared to be a natural lake. And, wonder of wonders, they saw through the transparent water
the dark mass of tamarind trees still rooted to the sunken ground!
From that day on, the place became known as "Sampaloc Lake" -- "sampaloc" being the Tagalog
word for "tamarind". Nowadays, Sampaloc Lake is a tourist spot to which many lovers of nature,
both young and old, go in order to admire the splendor and beauty it offers.

5 SONGS

I.
“Ili-ili Tulog Anay”
From Illonggo Tribe, Visayas

Ili-ili tulog anay

Wala diri imong nanay
Kadto tienda bakal papay
Ili-ili tulog anay
Mata kana tabangan mo
Ikarga ang nakompra ko
Kay bug-at man sing putos ko
Tabangan mo ako anay
 Ili-ili tulog anay
Wala diri imong nanay
Kadto tienda bakal papay
Ili-ili tulog anay

II.
“Magtanim ay di biro”
From Tagalog Tribe, Luzon

Magtanim ay 'di biro

Maghapong nakayuko
'Di man lang makaupo
'Di man lang makatayo
Braso ko'y namamanhid
Baywang ko'y nangangawit
Binti ko'y namimitig
Sa pagkababad sa tubig
Sa umagang paggising
Ang lahat iisipin
Kung saan may patanim
May masarap na pagkain
Braso ko'y namamanhid
Baywang ko'y nangangawit
Binti ko'y namimitig
Sa pagkababad sa tubig
Halina, halina, mga kaliyag
Tayo'y magsipag-unat-unat
Magpanibago tayo ng landas
Para sa araw ng bukas
Para sa araw ng bukas!

III.
“Visayan Balitaw: Kukok”
From Illonggo Tribe, Visayas

Kukukukuku-ko Kanta sa alimokon

Kukukukuku-ko Nga masinadyahon
Kukukukuku-ko Ay si alimokon
Kukukukuku-ko, Kukukukuku-ko

May duha ka pispis sa kahoy nga tambis

 Naghirup-hirupay Kag nag-haluk-halukay
Napuno sang kasadya
Kag puno sang kalipay

Kukukukuku-ko Kanta sa alimokon

Kukukukuku-ko Nga masinadyahon
Kukukukuku-ko Ay si alimokon
Kukukukuku-ko, Kukukukuku-ko

May duha ka pispis sa kahoy nga tambis

Naghirup-hirupay Kag nag-haluk-halukay
Napuno sang kasadya
Kag puno sang kalipay

Kuku-ko, kuku-ko
Kuku-ko, Kukukuku-ko
Kuku-ko, kuku-ko
Puno sang kalipay

IV.
“Un as Kayaluhan”
From Ivatan Tribe, Luzon

Solo:
Un as kayaluhan, kayaluhan

Chorus:
Un si payawari, paarinin

Solo:
Un nuu akma diwiyaaten

Solo:
Un as paayawa, paalangen

Chorus:
Un si wayaauat, moonay

V.
 “Bahay Kubo”
From Tagalog Tribe, Luzon

Bahay kubo, kahit munti,

Ang halaman doon ay sari-sari;
Singkamas at talong, sigarilyas at mani,
sitaw, bataw, patani,
Kundol, patola, upo’t kalabasa,
At saka mayro’n pa, labanos, mustasa,
sibuyas, kamatis, bawang at luya,
Sa paligid-ligid ay puno ng linga.