ANKITA PATNAIK

16011NA001
Paint is used to decorate, protect and prolong the life of natural and synthetic
materials, and acts as a barrier against environmental conditions. Paints may be
PAIN
broadly classified into Decorative paints, applied on site to decorate and
protect buildings and other objects, and Industrial coatings which are
applied in factories to finish manufactured goods such as cars.

The constituents of paint::

PIGMENT(S) - prime pigments to impart colour and opacity
BINDER (RESIN) - a polymer, often referred to as resin, forming
a matrix to hold the pigment in place
EXTENDER - larger pigment particles added to improve
adhesion, strengthen the film and save binder
SOLVENT (SOMETIMES CALLED A THINNER) - either an organic
solvent or water is used to reduce the viscosity of the paint for
better application. Water-borne paints are replacing some
paints that use volatile organic compounds such as the
hydrocarbons which are harmful to the atmosphere.
ADDITIVES - used to modify the properties of the liquid paint or
dry film
The binder (resin) and solvent together are sometimes known as
the VEHICLE. The binder may be dissolved as a solution or
carried as a dispersion of microscopically small particles in a
liquid.
Paints are formulated according to their
proposed use - primer, undercoat, special
finishes (matt, gloss, heat resistance, anti-
corrosion, abrasion resistance). The
pigment powder is broken down into
individual particles which are coated by
and dispersed in the binder (resin) - known
as 'wetting out'. Solvent is then added to
give the required consistency.

Contents of a white
gloss (alkyd) paint and
a white matt emulsion
(acrylic) paint.
CHARACTERISTICS OF AN IDEAL PAINT:
 Good spreading power.
 Fairly cheap and economical
 Easily and freely applied on the
surface
 Dries in reasonable time. PVCN: Pigment volume concentration number
V1
V1+V2
Where
V1 is the volume of pigment
V2 is volume of binder.

Higher the PVCN number, lower will be the durability of the

gloss of paint.

25-40 g Primer for metal

28-40 g Exterior surface of house
35-40 g Primer for wood
35-45 g Semi gloss paint
50-75 g Faint paint
The majority of wall paint sold today is
water-based, but oil-based paint remains
popular for glossy woodwork, doors, and
furniture, as well as demanding surfaces
such as floors. For those instances when an
oil-based paint would traditionally be
preferable, but you desire a water-based
product, a number of companies have
introduced "waterborne enamels" or
"waterborne alkyds." These paints look and
behave much like oil-based options Advantages of water-based paints
because they have good leveling • low VOCs (low levels of toxic emissions)
qualities for a smooth finish. • easy cleanup with water
• quick drying
• an elastic, flexible finish resistant to
cracking
• stable color over time, without yellowing

Advantages of oil-based paints

• attractive gloss
• good "leveling" (brush strokes fill
themselves in to create a smooth finish)
• hard, durable finish
For a decorative finish coat to last and look as good as possible,
the right base coats are essential. For interiors, a combined primer-
first coat is a good option.
Primer
Used on new, uncoated surfaces, primer protects the material beneath and
provides a good base for further coats. Most paints can be sprayed with the
right sprayer. Oil-based and water-based primers are available.
Traditionalists prefer to use oil-based primer before oil-based paints,
especially on exterior woodwork. Plaster and masonry are usually primed
with a coat of latex paint diluted with 10 percent water, known as a "mist
coat," although a stabilizing primer or solution may be needed if the surface
is very flaky or powdery. Special primers for other surfaces such as tiles or
melamine are also available, and can be over painted with normal paints.
First Coat
A specially formulated paint used to build up opacity beneath finish coats,
one or two coats of first coat paint are usually required before the
decorative finish coat is applied. Use pale first coat beneath pale finish
coats and a dark first coat beneath dark finish coats. Although most oil-
based first coat is suitable for interior or exterior use, exterior first coats are
available that will last longer when exposed to the elements. Water-based
paints are usually applied in as many coats as are required to provide an
even coverage.
Finish Coats
Once you have applied the base coats, or washed down previously painted
surfaces and rinsed them thoroughly, you are ready to apply the decorative
finish.
FINAL FINISH
High Gloss
The most durable and easiest to clean of all paint sheens, high-gloss paint
is hard, ultra-shiny, and light-reflecting. Think appliance-paint tough.
High gloss is a good choice for area that sticky fingers touch — cabinets,
trim, and doors. High-gloss, however, is too much shine for interior walls.
And like a Spandex dress, high gloss shows every bump and roll, so don’t
skimp on prep work.
Practical application: kitchens, door, and window trim
Durability: very high

Semi-Gloss
Good for rooms where moisture, drips, and grease stains challenge
walls. Also great for trim work that takes a lot of abuse.
•Practical application: kitchens, bathrooms, trim, chair rails
•Durability: high

Satin
Has a yummy luster that, despite the name, is often described as
velvety. It’s easy to clean, making it excellent for high-traffic areas. Its
biggest flaw is it reveals application flaws, such as roller or
brush strokes. Touch-ups later can be tricky.
•Practical application: family rooms, foyers, hallways, kids’ bedrooms
•Durability: high
Eggshell
Between satin and flat on the sheen (and durability)
scale is eggshell, so named because it’s essentially a
flat (no-shine) finish with little luster, like a chicken’s egg.
Eggshell covers wall imperfections well and is a great
finish for gathering spaces that don’t get a lot of bumps
and scuffs.
•Practical application: dining rooms, living rooms
•Durability: medium

Flat or Matte
A friend to walls that have something to hide, flat/matte
soaks up, rather than reflects, light. It has the most
pigment and will provide the most coverage, which
translates to time and money savings. However,
it’s tough to clean without taking paint off with the grime.
•Practical application: adults’ bedrooms and other
interior rooms that won’t be roughed up by kids
Durability: medium-low
FAILURE OF PAINTS:
• Bad workmanship: Paint demands certain degree of skill

• Conditions for painting: Dirt, dust, moisture etc should be cleaned before
applying the paint

• Moisture: The leakage through sanitary installation can cause the surface to
be moist.

• Salt and alkalis: these cause the saponification.

• Unsuitable surface: unprepared surface leads to bad paint job.

• Wrong choice of paints: Depending on climatic condition, nature of surface to

be painted and various other factors, paint needs to be chosen.
DEFECTS IN PAINTING:
• Blistering- thick application of paint on timber

• Crawling- thick application of paint, but can be rectified by sand papering

the surface and giving a fresh coat with plenty of turpentine.

• Bloom- dull patches on the surface.

• Flaking AND Chalking- loosening of certain part of film due to lack of

adhesive with the primer.

• Fading- gradual loss of colour.

• Grinning- it happens when the final coat doesn’t have sufficient capacity
of pigment and the undercoat is visible.

• Flashing- appearance of glossy patches on the surface

• Running- due to smooth surface the paint runs back n few areas are left
with surface uncovered.

• Saponification- soap like patches on the painted surface due to chemical

reaction with alkalis.
 • FLOOR FINISH
• WALL FINISH
• CEILING FINISH

FINISHES
FLOOR FINISHES ARE CONSIDERED UNDER:
• INSITU FLOOR FINISH

• APPLIED FLOOR FINISH Insitu floor

• TIMBER FLOOR FINISH

Timber finish
 WALL FINISH
TYPES OF WALL FINISH:

• PLASTERING
• PAINTING
• TILING
CEILING FINISHES
• EXPOSED CEINLING
• FIXED CEILING
• SUSPENDED CEILING
 THANK YOU
FOR KEEPING
PATIENCE