LESSON 6 WRITING A POSITION PAPER

- also known as point of view paper

- used to claim a one side position on a specific issue
- it contains factual arguments to support the one side
claim or position statement.
PRE-WRITING A POSITION PAPER
- Identify the issue to be discussed
- the issue must have two identifiable positions or side - -
research both positions and collect the arguments.
- choose the position or side you want to support.
STRUCTURE OF A POSITION PAPER
1. Introduction- contains the background and the
writers stand on the issue
2. Content- Contains the arguments and evidences
presented.
3. End Statement- concluding paragraph which
includes the recommended solution to the issue
presented.
TIPS ON WRITING A POSITION PAPER

1. Keep in mind that a position paper takes only one side

of argument

2.If the paper represents a group of people, refrain from

using first person singular pronoun such as I, my,mine
instead use first person plural pronuns like we, us, our.

2. Cite the book or websites where the evidence is

including the facts.

LESSON 7 WRITING SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

AND SURVEY REPORTS

- A survey is a data collection method that involves asking a

selected group of people

HOW DO WE CONDUCT A SURVEY REPORT

- A questionnaire is an objective data gathering tool.

 - For closed ended questionnaire. questions with objective
answers.

- If you used an open ended questionnaire you need to get only

the responses of the respondents pertinent to your paper.

- You may just barrow a ready-made, validated questionnaire

prepared by others. In this case, give credit to the original author
by citing his/her work.

A self made questionnaire has several parts:

1.Personal Details of the subject2.Introductory Paragraph

 Greeting
 Introduction
 Request for compliance
 Purpose survey

 3.Thankyou Note- letter just onclude that in introductory

paragraph.

HOW DO WE FORMULATE QUESTIONS FOR OUR

QUESTIONAIRE?
 1. Ask easy to answer questions first
2. Ask information needed for subsequent questions first
3.Put sensitive and open- ended questions last..

These are the things that should be avoided in constructing questions.

1. Double-barreled questions, two answers to one question.
2. Ambiguos questions.
3. Leading questions
4. Sensitive or threatening response categories.

HOW DO WE WRITE A SURVEY REPORT

The survey report has the following sections.

1. INTRODUCTION- Introduce your survey report by presenting the

reason for conducting your survey and your objectives.

2. PROCEDURES- This section reports the procedures involved in

the survey. Include details such as:
 Description of the respondents
 Description of the survey

3. RESULTS- The results sections should present the answers to the

survey questions in paragraph form, through highlights of the
results , and in graphical form, through tables or other graphics.
4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  Recap the key findings
 Presents generalizations regarding the responses.
 Recommendations on the other hand present suggested
research topics or actions.

5. APPENDIX
 Include in the appendix all the extras that you don’t need in
the body, but are related to the study.
6. REFERENCES
 It presents the complete biographic information of all the
sources cited in the paper.

These are the things that should be avoided in constructing questions.

5. Double-barreled questions, two answers to one question.
6. Ambiguous questions.
7. Leading questions
8. Sensitive or threatening response categories.

HOW DO WE WRITE A SURVEY REPORT

The survey report has the following sections.
 7. INTRODUCTION- Introduce your survey report by presenting the
reason for conducting your survey and your objectives.
8. PROCEDURES- This section reports the procedures involved in
the survey. Include details such as:

- Description of the respondents

-Description of the survey instrument

9. RESULTS- The results sections should present the answers to the

survey questions in paragraph form, through highlights of the
results , and in graphical form, through tables or other graphics.
.
10. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
 Recap the key findings
 Presents generalizations regarding the responses.
 Recommendations on the other hand present suggested
research topics or actions
11. APPENDIX
 Include in the appendix all the extras that you don’t need in
the body, but are related to the study.
12. REFERENCES
 It presents the complete biographic information of all the
sources cited in the paper.

LESSON 8 FIELD REPORTS

- It is a kind of technical report because it is a written plan document
from data gathered outside the office or field and intends to describe
an observed person,place or event.

TECHNIQUES IN DATA GATHERING

- Note taking

- Video and audio recordings-

- illustrations

THINGS TO DOCUMENT

1. Physical setting
2. Objects and material cultures
3. Language use
4. Unfolding of events
5. Expressive body movements-

PARTS OF A FIELD REPORT

1.Introduction- basically provide a background, rational or purpose

behind your study or research.

2. Theoretical framework- is simply a framework that is derived from

certain assumptions, certain theories, certain concept that have already
been use or establish in that particular field of study.You are trying to
ground you study and observation on this particular framework.
3. . Observations - This are the one that you have documented using
note taking video and audio visual recording as well as your
illustrations.

LESSON 9 Writing a Laboratory

A laboratory report provides a formal record of an experiment. The discussion of

objectives, procedures and results should be specific enough that interested readers
could replicate the experiment.

Guidelines for Lab reports

A laboratory report has three main functions:

1. To provide a record of the experiments and raw data included in the report.

2. To provide sufficient information to reproduce or extend the data, and

3. To analyze the data, present conclusions and make recommendations based on

the experimental work.

FORMAT OF LABORATORY REPORT

1. ABSTRACT- a brief informational synopsis of your experiment, typically

under 200 words. Strive to use informational or declarative rather than
descriptive prose.

2. INTRODUCTION- Identifies the expirement to be undertaken. Explains its

objectives and significance, and provides the background necessarybto
understand it.

3. PROCEDURES ( or Methods) should provide readers with enough

information that they could replicate your experiment if they so desired.
 4. RESULTS and DISCUSSION- Conveys results relevant to the goals of the
experiment.

- Analyzes the results and discuss their implications.

- Acknowledge possible sources of error. Considers presenting information

visually with graphs and tables; provide figure captions.

5. CONCLUSIONS- This section places specifis results into the context of the
experiment as a whole.

6. APPENDICES- This is the place to include data too extensive or tangential

to warrant inclusion in the main body of the report, but necessary as
procedural or analytical evidence.