Internet of Things- Smoke Detector

Bachelor of Fashion Technology

(Apparel Production)

Submitted By
CH PRIYANKA
SANIYA NISHAD
SHREYASI SARKAR
SMRUTI SNIGDHA DASH
SULOGNA SIKIDAR

Under The Guidance Of

MR. PRABIN KUMAR ROUT

Department of Fashion Technology

National Institute of Fashion Technology,
Bhubaneswar, 2020-2024

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INTRODUCTION

IOT stands for internet of Things. It is a system of interested computing device. Mechanical to
digital machine objects, animal or people that are provided with unique identifier (UIDs) and the
ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human to human or human to computer
interaction.
Example:- camera, smart watch , money counting machine etc.

HOW IOT WORKS?

An IOT ecosystem consist of web enable smart devices that use embedded processor, sensor and
communication to collect, send and act on data they acquire from environment. IOT device share
the sensor data they collect by connecting to an IOT gateway or other edge device where data is
either sent to cloud to be analyzed or analyzed locally. Sometimes this device communication
with other related device and act on the information they get from one another. These do most of
the work without human intervention although people can interact with the device.

WHAT ARE THE BENIFITS OF IOT?

The internet of things offers number of benefits to organization enabling them to:-
● Monitor their overall business process.
● Improve the customer experience.
● Saves time and money.
● Enhance employees productivity.
● Integrate and adopt business model.
● Makes better business.
● Generate more revenue.

SMOKE DETECTORS

Smoke detectors are used to look for the presence of smoke within a given area. These detectors
are commonly found in commercial buildings, however they are not often found in cooking areas
because steam and smoke resulting from normal cooking activities can result in false positives.
False positives are when a detector goes off because there is dust, dirt, and/or smoke in the air,
which has caused the alarm (instead of smoke from an actual fire). Smoke detectors consist of
three general types; ionization detectors, photo-electric detectors, and air sampling detectors. All
three detection methods provide reliable detection times after combustion particles spark fire
conditions.

The smoke sensor has a built-in potentiometer that allows you to adjust the sensor sensitivity
according to how accurate you want to detect gas.

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SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

1. Arduino

Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P (datasheet). It has 14 digital
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic
resonator (CSTCE16M0V53-R0), a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset
button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a
computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.. You
can tinker with your Uno without worrying too much about doing something wrong, worst case
scenario you can replace the chip for a few dollars and start over again.

2. Solderless breadboard

A breadboard is also known as a solderless board because the component used on the breadboard
does not need any soldering to connect to the board, so it can be reused. The arrangement of
different components on a breadboard can be done by inserting their terminals into the
breadboard, so it is frequently known as a plug board. Breadboard definition is a plastic board in
rectangular shape that includes a lot of small holes in it to allow you to place different
components to build an electronic circuit is known as a breadboard. 

3. MQ2 Smoke detection sensor

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The main sensor of our prototype is MQ-2 smoke sensor. It is sensitive to smoke and to the
following flammable gases:

● LPG
● LNG
● Butane
● Propane
● Methane
● Alcohol
● Hydrogen
The resistance of the sensor is different depending on the type of the gas.

The MQ2 has an electrochemical sensor, which changes its resistance for different
concentrations of varied gasses. The sensor is connected in series with a variable resistor to form
a voltage divider circuit and the variable resistor is used to change sensitivity. When one of the
above gaseous elements comes in contact with the sensor after heating, the sensor’s resistance
changes. The change in the resistance changes the voltage across the sensor, and this voltage can
be read by a microcontroller. The voltage value can be used to find the resistance of the sensor
by knowing the reference voltage and the other resistor’s resistance. The sensor has different
sensitivity for different types of gasses. It detects 300-1000ppm flammable gas.

4. Premium F-F,F-M, M-M Extension Jumper Wires

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It is a short length or conductor (commonly copper) that is used to connect two or more points in
a electrical circuit. Jumper wires typically come in three versions: male-to-male, male-to-female
and female-to-female. The difference between each is in the end point of the wire. Male ends
have a pin protruding and can plug into things, while female ends do not and are used to plug
things into.

5. LED, Red, Through Hole, T-1 3/4 (5mm), 10 mA, 2.1 V, 650 nm

The red LED bulb is used in the smoke detector. It glows when the sensor detects smokes.

6. LED, Green, Through Hole, T-1 3/4 (5mm), 20 mA, 2.1 V, 570 nm

The green LED is used in the smoke detector. It glows when the sensor is not detecting any kind
of smoke.

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 7. Buzzer

This is Small PCB Mountable Passive Buzzer. It is great to add Audio Alert to your electronic
designs. It operates on supply, uses a coil element to generate an audible tone. The voltage of the
sensore varies with the amount of smoke it produce

8. Resistor

This is a 220 Ohm, 5 Watt, Wire-Wound Resistor. Wire wound resistors are wound with best
quality Ni/Cr or Ni/Cr alloy resistance wire having very low temp. Co-efficient on high
alumina based porcelain pipes/rods and wire is protected with high-temperature Resistance
Compound.

Pin Wiring

The MQ-2 sensor has 4 pins.

Pin-------------------------------------Wiring to Arduino Uno

A0-------------------------------------Analog pins

D0-------------------------------------Digital pins

GND-----------------------------------GND

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VCC—-----------------------------------5V

HOW DOES IT WORK?

The voltage that the sensor outputs changes accordingly to the smoke/gas level that exists in the
atmosphere. The sensor outputs a voltage that is proportional to the concentration of smoke/gas.
The MQ2 type sensor is made of tin dioxide semiconductor gas sensing material. When it works
at a temperature of 200 to 300 degree Celsius, the tin dioxide adsorbs the oxygen in air, which
reduces the density of electrode on the semiconductor and thus increasing the resistance. When it
comes into contact with smoke, if the barriers at grain boundaries are changed by the smoke, the
conductivity on the surface is changed accordingly. In this way, smoke can be detected. A higher
smoke density indicates a higher conductivity and lower output resistance.

In other words, the relationship between voltage and gas concentration is the following:

 The greater the gas concentration, the greater the output voltage
 The lower the gas concentration, the lower the output voltage
 The output can be an analog signal (A0) that can be read with an analog input of the
Arduino or a digital output (D0) that can be read with a digital input of the Arduino.

CONNECTION OF THE DEVICE

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SOURCE CODE

int redLed = 12;

int greenLed = 11;
int buzzer = 10;
int smokeA0 = A5;
// Your threshold value
int sensorThres = 500;

void setup() {
pinMode(redLed, OUTPUT);
pinMode(greenLed, OUTPUT);
pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);
pinMode(smokeA0, INPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
int analogSensor = analogRead(smokeA0);

Serial.print("Pin A0: ");

Serial.println(analogSensor);
// Checks if it has reached the threshold value
if (analogSensor > sensorThres)
{
digitalWrite(redLed, HIGH);
digitalWrite(greenLed, LOW);
digitalWrite(buzzer,HIGH);
}
else
{
digitalWrite(redLed, LOW);
digitalWrite(greenLed, HIGH);
digitalWrite(buzzer,LOW);
}
delay(100);
}

SCHEMATICS
Connection schematic diagram

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APPLICATIONS IN DIFFERENT SECTORS

Commercial and industrial smoke detectors issue a signal to a fire alarm control panel  as
part of a building’s central fire alarm system. By law all workplaces must have a smoke
detection system.

Household smoke detectors, or smoke alarms, issue an audible and/or visual alarm locally
from the detector itself. They can be battery-powered single units or several interlinked
hardwired (mains-powered) devices backed up by batteries. The latter must be installed in
all new buildings and after major refurbishments.

Application in apparel and textile sector

 Smoke detectors can be specifically in fabric storage area.
 It can be also used near the boiler.
 It can also be used in the finished apparel storage area.
 Ginning process.
 Raw material and finished products storage area. (cotton, yarn, fabric, apparel etc.)
 Spinning area. ( Blow room)