Lesson 1: Geographic, Linguistic & Ethnic Dimensions of Philippine Literary History from Pre-Colonial to

Contemporary
* Pre-colonial Period (Pre-Spanish Period of Literature)
Chants or Bulong – used in witchcrafts and enchantments.
Legends – A narrative genre of folklore featuring human actions perceived by the teller to have taken place in the
human history.
Folktales – made up stories about love, horror, adventure, and humor where we can derive a moral lesson.
Epics – Long narrative poems in which a series of heroic achievements or events, usually of a hero, are dealt in length.
Examples:
Biag ni Lam-ang (from Ilocos)
Ibalon (from Albay/Bicol)
Folksongs – One of the oldest forms of Philippine Literature during the Pre-Spanish Era
Kundiman – Classic form of Filipino love song. Usually used in serenades
Kumintang or Tagumpay – Victory songs or chants.
Dalit or Imno – Prayers or worship songs
Soliranin or Talindaw – Traditional Filipino lowland music; this is a monotonous song sung on hot days. Soliranin rowing
songs
Oyayi or Hele – Filipino lullaby songs

* Spanish Period (1521 – 1871)

Miguel Lopez De Legazpi – first Governor-General in the Philippines.

Alibata – First Filipino alphabet
Religious Literature – man made doctrines based on practical beliefs on what God has approved or not.
Secular Literature – based on myths and theologies; it has nothing to do with God, Christ, or Religions

* Period of Philippine Enlightenment (1872 – 1898)

Filipino Authors, Poets, and Playwrights

Jose P. Rizal
- Noli Me Tangere
- El Filibusterismo
-Mi Ultimo Adios
Marcelo H. Del Pilar
-Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa
-Kaiingat Kayo
-Dasalan at Tocsohan
Graciano Lopez Jaena
-Ang Fray Botod
-La Hija Del Fraile
-Everything is Hambug
-Talumpating paggunita kay Columbus

* The American Regime (1898 – 1944)

Poetry became the main literary genre that emerged during this period
* The Japanese Regime (1941 – 1945)
Philippine Literature in English was put in halt. This led to stop the circulation of different newspapers.
Philippine Poetry during the Japanese occupation was nationalism, country, love and life in barrios.

Haiku – Free verse poem with 17 syllables divided into 3 lines

Tanaga – A short poem like haiku but has measure and rhyme.
Karaniwang Anyo – Conventional poem writing format

* Philippine Literature in English (1941 – 1945)

Most of the themes are about: brutalities, government, and poverty

* Rebirth of Freedom (1946 – 1970)

The writers have better knowledge of their craft and enjoyed political activism

The Dark Period

* Period of Activism (1970 – 1972)
Also known as the literary revolution; during this period, the youth became vocal with their sentiments, bloody
demonstrations occur, and youth activism flourished

* Period of New Society (1972 – 1980)

Sept. 21, 1972 – The start of the Carlos Palanca Annual Awards

* Period of the 3rd Republic (1981 – 1985)

Martial Law was lifted at Jan 2, 1981
Poem during this period was romantic and revolutionary

* Post Edsa Revolution (1986 – 1999)

* 21st Century Period

Literary works created within the last decade. Written by contemporary authors which may deal with current
theme/issues or reflect on a technological culture. It breaks the traditional writing rules.

Lesson 2: Identifying Text from the Regions

Philippine Literature
- a rich repertoire of literary masterpiece
- collective experiences from people who have gone difficulties, triumph, struggles, and conflicts.
Philippine Poetry – imagery or imagination

Gabu – A poem by Carlos A. Angeles || Carlos Palanca Memorial Awardee in Poetry Year 1964
-Ilocos Sur
-Ilocos Norte
-Panggasinan
-La Union

Lesson 3: 21st Century Literature Conventional Literary Genres

Genre – Type or Kind
Four Main Literary Genres

Poetry – consists of lines or stanzas instead of paragraphs; can be with rhymes of free verse
Drama – composition in prose or verse; presenting a dialogue or pantomime. Intended to be acted on stage.
Fiction – created from imagination: short story, novels, novelette
Non-fiction – based on facts and author’s opinions: biography, autobiography, essays, articles, news.

Lesson 4: Context and Text Meaning

Context – Background: Environmental Setting or Surrounding of Events

Understanding Text Context – Getting out of itself, deeper understanding, appreciation of the text

Four Types of Literary Context

Writer’s Context – involves knowing about the writer’s life, values, assumptions, gender, race, sexual
orientation, political and economic issues related to the author.

Reader’s Context – involves reader’s previous reading experience, values, assumptions, economic and political
issues.

Text’s Context – Involves the text’s publishing history

Social Context and Socio Cultural – features the society in which the characters lived and in which the author’s
text was produced.

Noli Me Tangere, written by Dr. Jose P. Rizal, was inspired by Uncle Tom’s Cabin, written by Harriet Beecher Stowe

Lesson 5: Creative Representation of the Literary Text

Multimedia Formats in Interpreting Literary Text

Blog (also called “weblog”)
Mind mapping
Mobile Phone Text Tula
Tag Cloud
Slideshow Presentation
Video
Anecdote – short entertaining or interesting story about a real incident or person
- To bring cheer
- To reminisce
- To caution
- To inspire
- To persuade

Lesson 6: Elements of a Short Story

Characters – can be person, animal who takes part

Protagonist – the main character
Antagonist – challenges the main character

Setting – the place or time the story happened

 Plot – series of events
Exposition – beginning of the story; identifies the characters; cites the setting
Rising Action – events from the start as the conflicts and challenges started to bring up
Climax – the most exciting part of the story
Falling Action – happens after the climax
Resolution – solution of the story

Conflict
man vs man
man vs society
man vs himself
man vs nature

Theme – central idea of the story; author’s message to the readers

Point of View – the way a story is narrated; vantage point of the writer
First Person – the narrator is in the story; uses the pronoun “I”
Limited 3rd Person – the narrator is not in the story and narrates using the pronouns “he” or “she”
Omniscient 3rd Person

My Father Goes to Court by Carlos Bulosan

Biag ni Lam-ang
Don Juan – father of Lam-ang
Namongan – mother of Lam-ang
Ines – lover of Lam-ang

Sinigang by Marie Aubrey Villaceran

Liza
Sylvia
Lem
Tita Loleng
“sinverguenza”

Moral Lesson of the Story:

Acceptance
Faithfulness
Apologizing
Forgiving

The Happiest Boy in the World by NVM Gonzales

Ka ponso
Ka julio
Jose