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Impulse and Momentum
Impulse and Momentum
DEFINITION OF IMPULSE
J F t
Impulse is a vector quantity and has the same direction
as the average force.
newton seconds (N s)
7.1 The Impulse-Momentum Theorem
J F t
7.1 The Impulse-Momentum Theorem
vf vo
a
t
F ma
mv f mv o
F t
F t mvf mvo
7.1 The Impulse-Momentum Theorem
IMPULSE-MOMENTUM THEOREM
impulse
F t mvf mvo
Rain comes down with a velocity of -15 m/s and hits the
roof of a car. The mass of rain per second that strikes
the roof of the car is 0.060 kg/s. Assuming that rain comes
to rest upon striking the car, find the average force
exerted by the rain on the roof.
F t mvf mvo
7.1 The Impulse-Momentum Theorem
m
F t mv f mv o F v o
t
F 0.060 kg s 15 m s 0.90 N
7.1 The Impulse-Momentum Theorem
F t mv f mv o
OBJECT 1
W1 F12 t m1 v f 1 m1 v o1
OBJECT 2
W2 F21 t m2 v f 2 m2 v o 2
7.2 The Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum
W1 F12 t m1 v f 1 m1 v o1
+
W2 F21 t m2 v f 2 m2 v o 2
W1 W2 F12 F21 t m1 v f 1 m2 v f 2 m1 v o1 m2 v o 2
F12 F21 Pf Po
7.2 The Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum
W1 W2 t Pf Po
sum of average external forces t Pf Po
7.2 The Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum
sum of average external forces t Pf Po
If the sum of the external forces is zero, then
0 Pf Po Pf Po
Pf Po
m1v f 1 m2v f 2 0
m1v f 1
vf 2
m2
vf 2
54 kg 2.5 m s
1.5 m s
88 kg
7.2 The Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum
4. Set the final momentum of the system equal to its initial momentum.
Remember that momentum is a vector.
7.3 Collisions in One Dimension
m1 m2 v f m1vo1
m1 m2 v f
vo1
m1
7.3 Collisions in One Dimension
mgh 12 mv 2
m1 m2 gh f 1
2
m1 m2 v 2f
gh f 12 v 2f
v f 2 gh f 2 9.80 m s 2 0.650 m
7.3 Collisions in One Dimension
v f 2 9.80 m s 2 0.650 m
m1 m2 v f
vo1
m1
0.0100 kg 2.50 kg
vo1
2 9.80 m s 2 0.650 m 896 m s
0.0100 kg
7.4 Collisions in Two Dimensions
The center of mass is a point that represents the average location for
the total mass of a system.
m1 x1 m2 x2
xcm
m1 m2
7.5 Center of Mass
m1v1 m2 v2
vcm
m1 m2
BEFORE
m1v1 m2 v2
vcm 0
m1 m2
AFTER
vcm
88 kg 1.5 m s 54 kg 2.5 m s
0.002 0
88 kg 54 kg