Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur

Department of Mathematics
Mathematics-II (MAL-102)
Assignment 2 on Differential Calculus
(Tangent plane and normal line, homogeneous function, total differential, chain rules)

1. Find the equation of the tangent plane and normal line,

x2 z2
(a) at the point (−2, 1, −3) to the ellipsoid 4
+ y2 + 9
= 3,
(b) at the point (3, 2, 1) to the surface xyz 2 = 6
(c) at the point (1, 0, 0) to the surface z + 1 = xey cos (z).
( 3 3)
2. If u = tan−1 xx−y
2 ∂2u 2
+y
then show that x2 ∂∂xu2 + 2xy ∂x∂y + y 2 ∂∂yu2 = sin 2u(1 − 4 sin2 u)
( 1 1
) 12 ( )
−1 x 2 +y 2 2 2 2 tan2 u
3. If u = csc 1 1 then show that x2 ∂∂xu2 + 2xy ∂x∂y
∂ u
+ y 2 ∂∂yu2 = tan u
12
13
12
+ 12
.
x 3 +y 3

4. Show that f (x, y) = xexy is differentiable at (1,0) and find its linearization there. Then use it
to approximate f (1.1, −0.1).

5. The wind-chill index is modeled by the function

W = 13.12 + 0.6215T − 11.37v 0.16 + 0.3965T v 0.16 ,
where T is the temperature (in centigrade) and v is the wind speed (in km/hr). The wind speed
is measured as 26km/hr with a possible error of ±2km/hr, and the temperature is measured as
−11o C with a possible error of ±1o C. Use differentials to estimate the maximum errors in the
calculated value of W due to the measurement errors in T and v.

6. The base radius and height of a right circular cone are measured as 10cm and 25cm, respec-
tively, with a possible error in measurement of as much as 0.1cm in each. Use differentials to
estimate the maximum error in the calculated volume of the cone.
√ ∂ 2u ∂ 2u
7. If u = f (r), where r = x + y , then 2 + 2 = f ′′ (r) + 1r f ′ (r).
2 2
∂x ∂y
∂ 2u ∂ 2u ∂ 2u √
and also find 2 + 2 + 2 if r = x2 + y 2 + z 2 .
∂x ∂y ∂z
8. If f and g are twice differentiable functions of single variable.
Show that the function u(x, t) = f (x + at) + g(x − at) is a solution of the 2-dimensional wave
t
equation utt = a2 uxx and hence show that 2 2 is a solution of wave equation.
(a t − x2 )
′
9. If z = f (x, y) where f is differentiable, x = g (t) and y = h (t). Given g (3) = 2, g (3) =
′
5, h (3) = 7, h (3) = −4, fx (2, 7) = 6 and fy (2, 7) = −8 then find dz dt
when t = 3.
( 2 )
∂2f ∂2f ∂2ϕ
10. If f (x, y) = ϕ (u, v) and u = x −y , v = 2xy then prove that ∂x2 + ∂y2 = 4 (x + y ) ∂u2 + ∂v2 .
2 2 2 2 ∂ ϕ

∂u ∂u ∂u
11. Let u = F (x − y, y − z, z − x), then show that + + = 0.
∂x ∂y ∂z
12. If z be a differentiable function of x and y and if x( = c cosh u cos
) v, y = c sinh u sin v, then
∂ 2z ∂ 2z 1 2 ∂ 2z ∂ 2z
prove that 2 + 2 = c (cosh 2u − cosh 2v) +
∂u ∂v 2 ∂x2 ∂y 2