PHACHUK ETHOFPA®CKOL MY3EJA 30 bE OF BA Jy 19.68)Tevap 2K. Herpoeuh HAPOAHH MOTHB VCKPCHYRA TIOKOJHHKA Y XEPHETOBHHH, BOCHH HW CPLBHIJH Hapoann Motus moKojumkoBor yckpcnvha u Hweropa OAAeTama y sarpo6nn cBer mpHKasyje ce HAeorpadck anrporiouAniM KpcrobuMa, KOjIX HMa YrAaBHOM ABa OOAMKa: jeaan je c KOCHM KpauuMa, a Apyru je Aatiuckor, pebe rpukor ruta, Kao AepuBar 06a Kpcra jana ce y CTO} uAeorpacKoj lpeAcraBu 4 anTponloMAHM Tposy6ar. OBoM npHANKoM TIpH- kasahy aHTpomonHANM Kpcr c KOcHM KpaljuMa, Koj uMa OOAMK HOsHaTor AuaApejunor KpcrTa, HW aHTpomouAHH TposyOal. Hapoann Kper c KocuM KpaluuMa AOBOMHO je sactytwen Kao HAcO- rpaM KoA Haller Hapoda. On je jeAankoKpaxk, pebe mu c mo ABa jeAHaka koca Kpaka. Hberona mAcorpadcka yAora NpHkasuBaaa ce Ha CpeArbeBe- KoBHHM crehuymMa, 3arTHM Ha APyYrOM HaArpoOHOM KaMerSsy 3a cBe Bpe- Me TypcKe BA@AaBHHe y HallluM 3eMaMa, Ma ce H cada ynoTpeOMaBa Ha HaATpoOHOM KaMemy HM MpecAuyaMa, a 1a HAapOAHHM ‘TKaHWHAaMa 1 Be- sy uma yAory opHamenra. Tlocrao je 10 BepcKoM MoTHBY 110KOjHKa ca YSAHTHYTHM pyKaMa Bic HM packopayeHuM HoraMa, Morus my je yecro TOAMKO ynporiher Aa ce Heron perpecuBHH KOcTyp MIpuKasyje c ABE YKp- urrene Koce upte. HIrapumie Kpcr c KOcHM KpaliuMa Ce 0A cpoAnor Kpeta AQTHHCKOr HAM Tpukor Tuna jaye Aecopmucao, Ua ce Tako sHaTHoO yAa- UO OA CBOr MOTHBA, NocTao 3aroneran HM 3aTo je heroBo UucTpaxHBawBe ¢ BepcKor rAeAMuira OUAO TOTOBO HesanaxkeHo. OsnM orAeAoM ce He TextH Aa Ce HCLPIHO TipHkarky 1 pacttpane cra miraiba Koja ce Mory NocraBuTH y Bes KpcTa c KocHM KpalyiMa, jep ne- Aocraje ynopeana rpaba u3 oOAacTu napoaNux uAcorpadcKux mpeacraBa 3a 1eKa IbUXOBa peulerba, Hbume ce Tea Aa ce yKasKe Ha MocTojame 1a- poAuHx HAcorpaMa OGANKa KpcTa c KOCHM KpauHMa If Tposyriija, 4a ce oOjacHe HUXORA BepcKa 3HaueHa y HAapOANOj MpPUMeHH paatl AAMHX UCTpa- AKUBAHA H Aa Ce MpKarxKke IbHXOBA EBOAYIHja OA MOTHBA, IPeKO TIPBO- Surunx OGANKa, a AO OpHaMcHTa Tla Kapay Kaemeny, jour npaucropujcku MyAW BepoBaAH cy oO ,,7KH- BOM OKOjHHKy" y sarpoOHom crery.' V npancropujcKoj Moran KOA rpa- Aa Pyce, y Byrapcoj, packonann cy 1948, myAckH KocTypH, OA KOjHx je jeaan 6uo y KAeuehem moAoxKajy ca y3AurHyTHM pyKaMa AO AyOarbe, a Apyrut je y ceAchem nloAorkajy, norypen, c pykama Hu palipeHuM nperumMa uipema nopnjenoj AyOatpu. Jeaan Kocryp, ca srpucHHM Horama y ceAchem ‘Carl Klemen: Das Leben nach dem Tode, Leipzig 1920.80 TL. 2K, METPOBM'R noAowajy, HMa AeBy pyky Ha rpyAuMa, a AeCHa My je HOAHTHyTa, ca m1a- KOM H3a HlOTHAKAa” Beposalbe 0 O2KUBHABaKY YMPAOL MOCTOJH KOA MHO- raX MpHMHTMBHUX MAeCMeHa HU crapHx KYATYpHHX Hapoaa. Ilo npeAamy cppurnjexu Gor Aruc (Aruj) ympo je, adu je tpelin aan ycKpcryo. Hbe- roBo ycKpenyhe mpasHoBaao ce o mpoAehHoj paBHoAHesuun, Crap PaM- *aH TpasnHopaan cy AAOHMCORO ycKpenyhe oxo 25. Mapra. Hira HapoA- ua AeretiAa o Kymy ca onora cBujera, saGeaeaena y Koaammny?, coojom caApakunom moaccha Ha OGpeAc OxUBMARAHA MAaAUha KOA aycrpaauj- ckux macwena.! Aodpo nosnare uate AyGouKe pycame, u3 HerouHe CpOn- je, o6mAase y mprBHAnoM sanocy Ha Aan Ayxoga cBoje ui MlosHaTe TOKOj- Huke y 3arpOOHOM CBeTY, C HhIIMa TOOOA BOAe pasroBope, Ma ce GyAe 3 sanoca y3 Hapounte oOpere, BepoBaTHoO AauUKor MopekAa. Hy natiem HapoAy TBPAO Ce BEpOBAAO Y OAKUBMABAILS w ycTajabe MDTBHX H3 CBOjux rpoGosBa. OcrauM HeKaAaluieber BepoBalba O O2CHBAABA- iby MpTBaija cy Aanaluba BepoBalba O O27KUBAABAEY CAMOYOHLIa, TOI e- Haka H OHHX KOjH Cy YMpAH OHAO KOjOM HacHAHOM cmphy (ByKoAAaun, bammupu). Ilo BepoBamuMa, O2%MBAABAILE MPTBHX OOaBmHAjy BHAe, 3Ma- jeBH, CBeUN M BHAOBHTe AMUHOCTH, Onn NOsHajy CpeACTBa 3a O7K'13.vaBaHbe: Marnuny rpatuniy nan wiranuh, uapo6uy caupaay, Ouwe, pax, Tajan- erseny Body. Ilo mpeaamy — 3Maj y3eo AecKoBy rpaHuHuy, OMe mpeKp- cruo nornuyay Gpahy u oHM OxUBeAM; 3Maj AOHEO UyAOTROPHY KOATTY u3 nehuHe, noAuo MpTBy 6pahy u onm omuBean', ura, Y Manacrupy Aeua- numa jeaua ppecka u3 1348. mpeactasasa cB. Bopba Kako ov uBAARA YMp- Aor.’ Ifo xaruorpactpckom mpeAaby, koje je 3a6ece7%KHo MoHax AOMeHTH- jan y 13. Bexy, aubeo je oxkuBeo Kpadsa [psosenyanor.? VY napoanoj cr cKoj necmH o cmpru Kpasesuha Mapxka kasyje ce Aa Mapko mu Aanac cnapa y HeKoj HehuHn u Aa he ce mpoOyAutu KaaAa yctpeGa Tapoay. Mprsay no6ybyje ue camo «aameme cBojux pobaka nu mpujatesa, Hero H BepoBalba O IbeMy. ON 2KUBM y IbuxOBy cehamy Ha jaBu uy cHy, a yTexa uM je Beponame Aa MpTaB NpoAyacyje AcMBOT y 3arpoOuoOM cBeTY. Beponame je nacraAo m0 HelOCpeAHOM yrAeAy Ha BeYEpHe ,,cauipusare” cyhuja Ha salaAy H HeroBO MOHOBHO ,,pabare™ Ha ucToKy MAH, KaKo je Beh mosHato, To MpHpoAu Koja ce Mocae 3uMcKor cHa OYA MU O7KHBAABA y mpoaehe. Y Aaaekoj napoAnoj MpoulAocrH MyACKa CMpT cxBaTaaAa ce 3a IIPHBHAHY, CAHUHO CHY HI jaBH, BepoBaAO ce Aa 4YOBeK jKABH HM MocAe cMpTH y HaperBy noKojuuka na ,dpyeoa' uan ,onoam cBery, KaMe ce AGAasH TocAe yeKpcnyha OAAcTarbeM H3 OBOSeMAaACKOr cBeTA. T'akRO Be- pobalbe LIpHxBaTHAe cy H jeAnoOoxauKe peAuruje, AAH C TOM pa3AHKOM luTO HapOA Bepyje Aa MOKOjHUK OAAASH y 3arpoOHH cBeT TEAOM HM Aa TaMO HacTaBAA OBOZEMAMCKH *KUBOT. OH y 3aTPOOHOM cBETY HOCH OAeAO koje My ce sareKAO IpHAMKOM cmpTH, jeAe u mHje y ApyurrBy cBojux yMpAnx pobaka, cpoAsuka u upujaresa, HMa 3aHHMarbe OHO KOjHM ce T. Teoprues nu A, Aureaos: PasKkoncu na ceauttnata Mozuaa 00 Pyce npes 1948—1949, Codus 1952, 184, 185. * Benau (Beorpaa) 10, 1925, 599. 411. Il. ®pesep: 3aarna zpana. Beorpaa 1937, 314 ua. * Cpucku ernorpadcku 360pHuk 41, 28, 32. Beorpaa 1927. *B. P. Terxosuh: Mpezaed ypxeenux cnomenuca.., Beorpaa 1959, 92. 7A. Mupkosuh (npeneo): Aomenrujan, Cueoru ce. Case u ce. Cumeoua. Beorpaa 1938, 148.HAPOAHM MOTMB YCKPCHY'RA IlOKOJHMUKA 81 ©aBHo Ha OBOM, 3eMamcKoM cBeTy, uTA. V Bocuu ce kasyje Aa ce na Apy- TOM CBETY 2KHBH OHAKO Kako Ce 2KHBeEAO Ha oBOM cBerTy’, “TA. Ilo TaKBOM BepoBalby TIOKOjHHKY ce O0aBe3HO cTaBMajy UpeKo NoTpeOHe crBapH y rpo6, Aa Ou Wx Mao Na ApyroM cBery: crapumM AWUHOcTAMa wuTal, AOBILY myiika (pannje crpeaa u Ayk), uoOaHMHy cBupada, 2KeHH Mpecama, Ac- Boj orAcaaao, ura. Te lorpe6de noKojHuKa uecto ce mpukasyjy Ha rpo6y 4 Ha HaArpoOHoM KaMeny, Ha ce Ha Taj Hau BUAHO UCTHUe OASHB NOKOjHHKOBUX HacAeAHHKa, Opa mojaBa je HapouuTo KapakTepicTHuHa 3a oOjaubere MoTHBa o ycKpcuyhy noKOjHHKa uO IBHXOBY OAAacKy Ha Apyru cer. [pnoropcku BAaanka Aaunao, uako je Guo AoGap xpuutha- HHH, MpoKAuao je morypuye: ,,Kkyaa here c KaerBom mpaAjeAoBCKOM? Cyuum here uzah mpea Muaouia (OOnanha) 1 mpeA Apyre cplicke BUTe- soze“® Ha Apyrom csery? Kpajem mpoutaora Beka HeKa 2KeHa ca ceAa pekaa je xynuy: ,Oby nesy (sxxeucku yOpaaau) He Mory Aa mpo,am, jep emo 10 moj AaKWe mperosHatiH Oakuny Ha Apyrom cBujery. Hoj je HaMerena (meya) Kad yMpe“!, ura, Hamre TyKHe ys Hapuijatbe peAOBHO nopy4jy 1peko yMpaor 1a OApy, Aa NoceTH MOKOjHHKe Ha ApyroM cBery M Aa MX M3BECTH O IIpHANKaMa CpOAHHKa Wa oBoMe csery. IIraputite MOcTojH H BepoBalbe Aa Ce TOKOjHMK ca OHOra CBeTAa MOXKe 9KUB BpaTHTn na oBaj. Y jeAnoj HapoAHoj u3peyH Kasyje ce Aa _,,10IKO Huje c oHora cBujeta pasOujeue rAaBe Aouiao.!! O MOKOjHUKy ce TOBOpU CaMo MOX- BaAHO; aKO CC TOBOPH HeMOBOAHO, OHAA Ce OA Hera MOXKe OueKuBaTH TposHa ocreta. O nMopparky MOKOjHHKa ca ONora cBeTa roBopH ce UY HapoAHOj MpHnoserku o Epu ca onora cpujera”, ura, Taj Apyru ua »oHaj caer je mo BepoBarmy na Meceyy. To mppoburHum BepoBalbuma Mecell je CeAultire yMpaux, ma je KacHije HacTaAo BepoBalbe Aa TAaMG OAAase CAMO Aye rpewHuKa. Crap CAoBenH cy TO BepoBame TpHMuAH M0 craposaBerHoj AereHAu o Opahu Kauny u Apemy, unju ce AMKoBH BUC Ha lyHoM Meceny.'? Y crapoj Pycuju 6uo je pammpen Kyat Mecera, Io Yrceapy pyckor Murponoaura T'eopruja (1073—1074) craxit walle KTO whayerb mbcalyp, Aa OyAeTD UpoKAsTs.'* ToroBo cBu CAOBeHCKH HapOAu OAajy HOBOM Mecerly BeAMKO NoUTORaHe.!S TaKBo NOLITOBarbe MAaAOT Mecela HMa MH Halll HapoA.!® Tloxojuuyn ce HapounTo npunpemajy 3a oAAasaK Ha ApyrH cpet: 06- AauM HM Ce CBeyaHo OAeAO, OOaBesHO MpeKpuitajy pyKe mpeKo TpyAu, koje je wacraao BeposarHo tex xpuuthanckum yruujem. Ilo Ouorpadby Teoaocujy (ua mpeaasy us 13. y 14. Bex) romro je Hematha u3Aaxnyo, 1200. roanue, onaa My cuH Casa pyke ,,moctaBu mpekpuitene Ha mpca“ 17 Tako ce yrAaBnom npaktTuKyje u Aanac, ocHM KOA Aelle, Kojoj ce pyke ® J. 3opuh: Bepoeawa o onom caery. Kapaumh (Aaexcunary) IT 1900, 231. °TL Uerposuh, Hherom: lopexu eujenay, cruxoBu_75—77, 0S. Berger: Simbolizam u nasoj folklori, Zagreb 1932, 8, u Byx Cr. Kapaynh: Cpnere Hapodue nocaosuye, Beorpaa 1900, Gp, 4313. © By Cr. Kapaynuk: Cpncxe Hapodne npunosujetke u 3azonerKe, Beo- rpaa, 1897, 309, " O rakBoM Beponamy KoA Cpda BHAeTH Bykos peywnuk KoA peu: Kaun 1 ABed, Mecell. “E. ToayOuucku: Heropus pycckoit yepreu. Mocxsa 1904, I 2, 546. * Hanus Machal: Ndkres slovenského bdjeslovi, Praha 1891, 49, 53. 46 Bykop peuwHHK: 3ApaBhak. ‘"M. Baunth: Crape cpnexe Guorpaduje. Beorpaa 1930, 136,82 Tr. 2K. METPOBUB noctapaajy HH3 GeApa, jep cy ona ,,6e3szperuna'’. AyOop Huaepae packo- nao je MH MpoyyHo ABaAeceTak CTapHX CAOBeHCKHX MOrHAa U3 BpemMeHa panor xpumbancrsa, aAM c BepckuM ocraljuMa 43 UpexpuuihaucKor Bpe- Mela H TO: ABa KOocTypa HWMada cy pyke ucipyxKeHe Hu3 OeApa, TPH Cc IIpekpluireHHM pyKaMa Ha rpyAuMa, ABa ca 06e HicMpyxene pyKe mpema packopaxy (meby roaenuuama), ABaAeceT c ACCHAM pyKaMa Ha rpyAuMa, a ACBHM lpeMa packopaky'8 u jeaan ca o6e y3AHrHyTe pyKe lIpema pame- Huma (6p. Kocrypa 4, crp. 76); KOA OcraAuXx Kocrypa HHje jaca WOAO2Kaj pyky, jep cy kocru uctpynyae.!” Mako je orkpuBeH camo jeAaH kKocryp C pykaMa YSAUrHYTHM Ipema paMenuMa, ou je unak noTepben, a To snauH Aa ux je Ouao. IIpeacrasy yckpcuyha u oAAcTakha WOKOjHUKa Ha ApyrH cBer lipukasuBao 6u M KocTyp c palliMpesuM pykKama. Ilomro TakaB M0- AoxKaj PYKY 3ay3HMa WWHpoK Ipocrop y rpoby, To ce, BepoBaTHoO 13 Tor pasaora, HHje npakTHKOBaO, HUTH Cy ra apXCOAO3H OTKPHAH. HeAocrarak upeactase yckcnyha nomohy moaoxmaja pyky KocTypa y3AHrHyTHX mpema paMcHuMa ynormyrmaBajy UpHkasH yckcHvha noKojuuKa va nwaArpoOnom KaMelby, KOjH cy ce M AO AaHac OAp*KAaAH, Ta ce NOHerAe NpHMeryjy H AaHac Wako ce y HapoAy 3a60paBHAa HHXOBa BepcKa yAora. Y napoay ce crporo na3v Aa ce NOKOjHMK He CaxpaHH Ca 3aBe3aHHM pykama, HoraMa HM BHAHIaMa. To 3aBe3HBalbe HMa MUMO MpakTHuNe yAore W Bepery, jep ce Bepyje Aa 3aBe3aHM NOKOjHUK He Mowe OTHhn Ha Apyri cser, 43 crpaxa oA weroBe OcBeTe OOaBesHo ce y HapoAy Aajy MoKOjHunu- Ma MoAyija, 3aAyluHMUe HM Apyre Aahe y jeAy u muhy, moArKe naArpoOHO KaMelbe, CHOMUIbY Ce Y MOAMTBaMa HM Y HCBOMaMa osuBajy yuomoh. Cre TO ykasyje Ha AyOoKO yKopemeHo HapoAHO BepoBawe Aa cy TOKOjHUITH 2KMBH y 3arpoOHOM cBeTty, Aa ce Kpehy, jeAy HM unjy, Aa mTHTe MAM ce creTe CBOjHM MTIOTOMIIMMa Y 3CMAMCKOM CBCTY. JeAHa eMHHeHTHA BepcKa O6aBe3a HOKOjHHKOBHX MOTOMaKa HAH e- TOBHX HacAeAHUKa y 3eMa*CKOM CBeTy je Aa Ce TOKOJHHKY MOAMTHE HaA- rpoOuH cryO HAM MAOYa OA ApPBeTa HAM KaMeHa, KOjuMa ce obeAcxaBa MecTo rerore ,,geuHe «cyhe“ paau cehatha 4 HeroBa CIOMHFbarbha (OTYAa HasuB: cuoMenuk). Ha naarpo6uom cryOy HA TAOUM uecTO ce peaancTH- UkU NpHkasyje HOKOjHHKOBa cburypa WAUTKUM pesedom MAM HcKAccaHMM wAeorpadckuM 3HaKom. Ha cpeAreBeKOBHUM OocaHCKHM H xeprjeroBau- Kum crehyuma, Meby ApyruM mpeAcrapama, Hcy peTKe syAcKe cdurype Koje uMajy y3AurnyTe pyke yeuc. IloaoxKaj y3AMrHVTHX pyKy OUHrAeAHO mokasyje OAAcTamwe TOKOjuMKa Ha ApyrH cBeT, 3arpoGuH, Ono, OAAerarne, Huje HacTaaAo lo yrAcAy Ha HkoHOrpadcKe MpeacraBe Xpucrowor ,,casite- cewa" wan Aaszapenor orkuBAABabA H ycTajaiba 13 Tpooa, jep uMajy cBoje Kapakrepvicrnune arpHOyte KojH Mx MpaTe: Mecely y OOANKY KpyacHe MAOUe, CplactH HAH MA@AH MECC, AHTPONOHAHH KPCT, AHPTOMOMAHY po- 3eTy, 3ATHM AYK, crpeay # Apyro. Xpuutliancka mpeAatba 0 YMpAOj AeBOj- UH, Koja je oxkuBeda, uo Aasapy, Koju je ycrao u3 rpoba, ocratu cy MHO- roOo#xayKUX BepOBaba MU TipeAata. Ilo oxpHAcKoM apxHemuckony An- mutpHjy Xomarujany (1217—1234) ,,jepecu (He Kasyje Koje) He momry- 8 Ha HeAaTHpaHoM HaArpoOuom cryG6y us Aunenosuha, KoA Kpynma y Aorbem TloApumy, MpeActaBa NOKOjHMKoBe curype uMa AeBy PyKy Ha TpyAuMa, a \ecua My je HcnpyxkeHa mpema mpenonama, B. B. Paaosuh: Cpncku wadzpodiu cno- Menuyut. Beorpaa 1956, 20. «LL, Niederle: Rukovét’ slovanské arheologie, Praha 1931, 75—83.HAPOIHMU MOTMB YCKPCHYRA MOKOJHUKA 83 jy Backpcnu Aan Vocrioaa Mcyca Xpucra‘?°, ma, cAeAcTBeHO TOMe, HHcy BepoBaAH HH y ycKpcHyhe mpTBux. XoMarujanoBo caommrTeme motapbyje ce WonMcoM jepeTHuKHX BepcKux 3a6AyAa TopKBemaAosa alloAoruuKor cnica PpHMOKaTOAHYKe UPKBe, Y KOMe ce, MMO ocraaor, y T. 44, Kaayje: Topusyhu nackpceme Kay Aa TeAO Koje caaa yaupe nelie Hukaaa ycxp- CHYTH, HeTo Apyro AyxoBno'?! he ycxpcnyru. Momro camo jeperuum Hucy noKkojuuka, jep Aye, koje cy U3BpIMAe Tokajarbe, OAAA’e Ha HeGo, a jeanu xpmuhasu mpunaanau Oxpuacke apxHenmMckonuje MH OHH KOjH cy vy toj Apxuoermcxonuju Guan y cBojoj crapoj MHoroOo2xkaukoj BepH 1 Mpu- BuAuH xpuinhanu. Ilo 6boromuackom yuery He rpeda ce MOAUTH 3a Ayre MOKOjHuKa, jep Ayiue, Koje cy usBpumMAe MloKajakhe, OAAa3e Ha Heo, a one, Koje ce nucy noKajaae, mpeaase u3 jeAuor TeAa y Apyro AOK ce ca- cbuM He ogncre. He Bepyjy Hu y ycepcnyhe noKojHuka, nu V OAAeTae IberoBa TeAa Ha HeGo, jep je OHO CTBOPeHO OA coToue u IpHiaAa 3eM A122 ilpema Takpum Bepckum AormMama A. Kumpaa, upumehyje, aa ke npoyua- Balbe Crapux OocaHcKux HekponoAa yHeTH y HayKy ,,HelMTO cBujeraa” 23 HapoAne mpeactape ycxpcuyha nm oAaetame nokojnuKa Y 3arpooun cper He HAY y TIpHAor Konyenyuju, Aa cy OocaHcku u xeperoBaun crehyu ocraiyu xpnimhaucke BepcKe cexte 6oromiAa. Hanporus, Bepcke MipeActane Ha IbHMa HacTaAc Cy MO HAapOAHHM BepoBarbiMa O 3arpoOHoM 2KXHBOTY UOKOjHHKa 13 npexpuuihauckor Bpemena. O MOWMTOBAbYy MH yrio- rpeOu Kpcra oA crpane Goromuaa NMCIM HHCY caraacnu: 110 jeanuma onn cy Ta Mpesmpaau, a UO ApyruM Moniropaan cy ra.™4 Hecaarame je HacTaAo iro je Kpcr ucKAecan na Behuuu mpoysenux crehaka c HaTmHcuma. AAU TH Kpctosw Hucy xpumuhancku, Hu cnerdusio GoromMAcKM, Hero Hapo- AHH, aNTpOMOMAHN, HAcorpadcKe mpeActabe cBojux ToKOjHMKa, KaKo he ce TO BHAeTH 3 CAeAehux moaataka. Jeaan xepyerosauxn crehak (ca. 1) uma pemeduy burypy, upeacta- By NOKOjHuKa, OHa uMa MoRMINe y3aurayre AecHe pyKe c pallMpeHum UpcTHMa M HecpasMepHo BeAHKOM IWakOM, KpyokKHY H MAUTKY H3AyOseHy maouy. To je Mecer y riynoj cbasu. Ilo o6auKy mAoUe Morao 61 ce mpetiio- cTaBUTH Aa ona CHMOOAMINe Cyne. AAU y HapoAHOM BepBoOIby Kao Aa cy Mecel| M CyHIe MOACAMAM BepcKe yAore: Mecery je cakpaAH 3HaK; CVyHIC, KaO M3BOp SeMawCKOr JKMBOTA, He MOZKe HMATH MecTa Ha HaArpoOHOM KaMelby, Kao ITO Ta HeMa HH y TorpeOHuM oGuuajuma u o6peauma. Io- Ped AcBe TOKOjnuKoBe pyKe cy AYK Ca cTpeAOM H WTHT c Mayem. Kaecap je nmpeacrasuo noKojHuKa Ha nyty 3a sarpoOuu cBer, ca ucnpyxKenom A€CHOM PYKOM Iipema Mecely, a AeBy je NOABHO, Aa THMe TIpuKake MOKOj- HMKOBO HaMylirabe crpeac, AyKa H Maua, yrpaBo weroBa 2kKUBOTA Ha 3eM- 4u, Hoxojuukogze Hore cy packopauere. Io uatrnucy crehak je NoAMrHyT Paaojy Muaopaaosuhy. Toroso ucra takpa cburypaana upeacrasa mpu- 20 CperocascKu 360pHuK (Beorpaa) IT 1939, 161. * A, Coaonjes: boeymuau, y Ennucaoneauju Jyrocaasuje I 1955, 643. *K, Jupeyvex — J. Paaouuh: Hcropuja Cp6a. Beorpaa, 1922, I 17; B. Roposuh: Xucropuja Bocue, Beorpaa 1940, I 183. 8 Vjerodostojnost latinskih izvora o bosanskim kmstjanima, u Radu Jug akademije znanosti..., knj. 270, 1949, 132. “A, Coaosjes: Jecy au Goromman noutrosaau KpcrT, y Taacunky 3emah- ckor Myseja y Capajeny III 1948, 81 ua. * C, Truhelka: Osvrt na sredovjecne kulturne spomenike Bosne, Sarajevo (bez godine), s. 24, sl. 29.84 U1. 2K, METPOBM'R kasaua je ua crehxy y PaAuman (Xepyeropuna), Koja ce Aarupa y 15. wan 16. sexy. Ha Apyrom crehxy y PaAumon burypa WoKOjHuKa HMa Oe pyKe Y3AHrHYTe TIpeMa Kpy2KHOj TAoUM (Mecelly) H AVKy ca cTpeAOM, a HIKE Aakata cy ABe 2keHcke cpurype, Koje MoraeAuMa Tpare HoKOjHUKa, ca packopaucHuM HOraMa, Vy sarpoOHn cBeT, a TO CTpaHH MOKOjHUKOBE AC€BE pyke cy mut u may (ca. 2)28 = SCS Ha AaArpo6uom cryoy crapiijer rpoda KOA UpKBe y ceay byKosu- ky KoA Apanbeaosya (Ilymaauja) uckaecau je noKojHuK ca y3AurHyTuM pykamMa lpeMa AOBOMHO HeH3pa3HTOM aHTpOMOHAHOM KpcTV (ca. 3)2? I[pernocranmam Aa je THM KPCTOM TIpeACTaBseH HOKOjHUKOB peAak y 3arpo6OHoM cBeTy, y YHjy 3auiTuTy AOAA3H HerOB NOTOMAK, a eT KpCToBa, uspe3aHH OKO Ibera H Ha IbeMy, rpukor cy THA, 10 CBOj UPHAHIH XpHur haucku. Ilo TakBoj mpeActaBn moKojHukoBa ycKpcHyha wactao je uAeo- rpam o6auKa Tposymua Ha HaATOpouOj MAO’ KOA Croya, v Barmaoay KoA Mocrapa u ApyrH cpoAHH HAcorpamn.”8 Ha crehxy y Pamoj Topu, y AoAuuu Heperse (Xepyerosnna), 110- KOjHuK je MpeacraBAcH ca OOe y3AHTHYTe pykKe yBUC, y AecHOj uma Kpy%K- Hy TAoUy, a y AeRoj anTpono“Ann Kpcr (cA. 4).29 Kpyokna maoua y AccHoj PYUu, MO MOM TYMaYeIDy, IIpeACTaB\a NOKOJHUKOBY TeKbY Aa CTHTHE Y lapcerBo MpTBHXx IipcAaka Ha Mecerly. JeAan crehax y UIupoxom Bpujery (Xepueropuna) wma cawuny mpeActaBy MOKOjHHKa ca y3AHrHyTHM py- KaMa IIpeMa Kpy2KHOj AOU H CplacroM Mecelly, C packopayeHuM Hora- Ma, a ACBO OA Fhera je TAT c Mayem (cA. 5).3 [Ipeactapa cpnactor Mecerja % A, Benac: Radimija. Sarajevo 1950, t. XII, sl. 24, br. 12b 7B. Paaospuh: Cpncku nadepodxu cnomenuyu, 14, * Marian Wencel: Ukrasni motivi na steccima. Sarajevo 1965, str. 331, br. 7, 9, 12 i dr, * S, BeSlagic¢: Steéci kod Raske Gore, Nage starine III 1956, 255, sl. 2. ® A. Benac: Siroki Brijeg. Sarajevo 1950, t. III, sl. 9.HAPOJHM MOTMB YCKPCHYRA MOKOJHUKA 85 uAe y MpuAor Mpernmocranyy Aa Kpy2kHa WAOUa Mecery y MyHOj cas. Kae- cap je, No cBoj npuAMyH, UpeAcTaBHO NyH MH cpractH Mecer HO yrAecAy Ha Apyre mpeAcrase Koje cy uMade jeAan MAM Apyru OOANK Mecerta. SHaTHO TIpuMATHBHUje UcKAecaHe cy MmpeActaBe Tompcja NOKOjHUKAa ca y3AHTHYTHM pykaMa Ha HaArpOOHHM MAOUaMa y OOAacTH Crape Parke. IIpeacrase yckpcuvha mu oAAetare moKojuuKa y 3arpoOHM cBeT Ha THM MAOWaMa Cy TOTOBO cTor THMa: HMajy pyKe y3AurnyTe y BUCHHM pamena, aan cy 6e3 ukaKkBux ApyrHx mpeActana um suaKoBa. TakBy jeAuy crapy HaArpoOuy MAouy Hatao cam 1932. y crapom rpoOy KOA UpkBute y noAropcKom ceay Baaernhy noa 'oaujom (ca 6); jeany je BuAeo u upeyp- rao Paaocas >. Manaosuh Koa Manactrupa Bypbesux Crynosa Koa Honor Ilasapa, jeAuy cam BuAeo u cHumuo 1952. y KOpHTy pede nope, Hary- ureHor crapor rpoOa KOA ApyMcKor HaceAa Ipxeuna (crape TayxaBu- ue) usmeby Hosor Hasapa u Tyruua, a jeana, us Kpunaya Koa Honor Ilasapa, mpeneta je 3a 30upxky Hapoanor myseja y Kparyjesuy. Osa 110- cAeAIbAa HMa Y3AHTHYTe pykKe y BUCHH ToKOjuMKoBe rAaBe. Y rpobOy KOA UpKBe y KyuKom ceAy YOAuMa ororpacucao cam 1961. cruan3oRany mpeA- cTaBy MOKojHuKoBa Nompcja ca ySANTHYTHM pyKaMa Y Buc Ha HeAaTHpa- HOj HaATpOOHO] MAOUN, 10 cBoj MpHAUUH 3 npBe WOAOBHHE 19 BeKa (cA. 7). MapuBu ucTpaxkuBay MOTHBa Ha Hallie Harpobuom kamerwy Ma- puau Benyea mpukasaaa je 49 syAckux cburypa u MAeorpama c jeAHoM MAM C 0Ge pyke y3AurHyTe yBuc yrAaBHom 43 Xepucropune. Ona ux je cBpcTada y OAebaK MIpukasuBalba NOKOjHMKa OpauTa, Tj. y Wepemonujaay wuxoBe MOAUTBE."! IpuKasane cburype He mpeactassajy AWuHOcTH HpH- AHKOM IbHXOBe MOAHTBE Y 3€MaCKOM CBeTY, Hero nmOKOjHUKe y yckpcHy- hy 4 oAAeramy us semaacxor cBera v sarpo6m. Mumo mpukasannx arpu- Gyra (meceryja, cpnacror mam tynor, Hanyurrara opyxtja KOjMM ce TOKO} HUK CAYXKMO Y 3¢MaCKOM CBETY, WOrACAa AMYHOCTH KOje Mpate noKojuu- KOBO OAAeTalbe M Ap.) Ha yckpcuylie noxojuuka jacHo “4 1eABOCMHCACHO *M. Wencel, 329-333. Napominjem da to nisu ,ukrasni motivi”, nego verske predstave, simvoli,86 I, 2K, METPOBY'R ykasyjy cburypaAne mpeacraze unje nore acOAe y Bacuonn (ca. 8). Takan craB MOKOjHUKoBa TeAa OYHTACAHO ToKasyje HMxXoOBO ycKcpcuyhe, a ue opHaHte ca packopayenuM u AeOAchum norama.*? IIpema tome mM HAco- Tpamu cpoannx durypa na HaATpOGHOM Kamemy NoysAaHuje TIpeactapbajy yekpenyhe moxojuuka, Hero 2«nBe opHante.*9 Maejna upeactapa moKojHuKopa mocke yckpcnyha u y moaery 3a sarpoOuu cBeT Huje CROjcTBeHa caMo HallieM HapoAy, Kao IITO HM HHje cBojcrBeno 1 BepoBaibe y sarpoOun 2KuBoT. Ja Hx HHCAaM HapoUNTo cTpa- 2kHBaO KOA APYIHX HapoAa, aA, paAM MpuMepa, Haveutliy camo one KOje fe a® ou, a “1 focr caM 3alla3H0 KOA Caopena. Takpy mpeAcrapy uma yaa 3 1797, y Mana- crupy Puan, byrapcxoj* (ca. 9); jeAna urypa Ha HapoAHoj TKAHMHN u3 Byrapcke wma ysAurnyte pyke® (ca. 10), Y MopascKoj jeaan TIOAYIH xactauh u6a oOAMK YoReKa ca y3AurHyTuM pyKamas (ca. 11), Meby pyc- KMM KOMMO3HIHjaMa Hapoauor Besa Ma jeAHa Ha Kojoj je mpeacraBAcHa ® Ycro, 1. 86, Gp. 15; puaeru u Gp. 16, 19 22. % cro, t. 86, 6p. 7, 9, 12, 14 u ap. 5B. DMuaos: Crapo 6vazapcKxoro usxycteo, Copusn 1924, vr, 29, ® E. Teresa: Kueoruncru wu vostiucu Guzypu ¢ Ovrapcokara rexcruana Celene etka, — y Hssecrua wa Hapoauu ernorpadcxu myscii B Cobus 8—9, ® A. Vaclavik: Vyroéni obyéeje a lidove uméni. Praha 1959. t, 88. 118b.HAPOJHM MOTMB YCKPCHYRA HOKOJHUKA 87 Hekakpa TajaHcrBeHa srpada (MHorodo2%KauKo cBeTuAMMTe ?), y KOjoj *YACKe cburype uMajy y3AurHyTe pyKe yBuc.*7 Aocaaa cy KoHCTaroBaHe NoceOHo Kapaktepucruune cTuAN30BaHe mpeActane NOKOjHHKOBa ycKpcuyha wa crapHjuM HarpoOHHM MAO¥aMa y rpo6auma usmehy Haropuunua y crapoj oOaactu 2Keranrony (u. Maxe- AouHja) u nAaHMHe PyAnnKa (IllymaAuja). Ha wmuma je mpeactanaseHo oAAcTame NoKOjHuka y 3arpo6un cBeT momohy noKposa Kao KpuAa: cAMKA 12, ysera je ca HaarpoOue nAoYe KOA MaHacTupa Crapor Haroprumna, cauka 13, ca mAoue y crapom Aeay rpoOa ceAa BaAacosa Ha HO6py, ca. 14. ca mAoue y Herposoj upxsu KoA, Hosor Ilasapa. AHTpononAna UpeactaBa MOKOjHuKOBa ycKpcuyha u iweroBa oAAe- Tarba y 3arpoOnH cReT cReAeHa je yecro perpecujom y HAcorpaM y OOAUKy kpeTa c KOcHM KpaljuMa. To noKasyjy cAeachu mpumepn. Y noaropcKom ceay Besepy, HeAadeKo oA Honsor Tasapa, cada My- xaMeAaHCKOM, OUyBaO ce y cTapom xputhanckom rpoOmy HaArpoOnu cry6uh oA KameHa 43 Bpemena pe 18. Beka, Ha sanaAHoj crpann cry6n- fia uckaecan je Kper c KocuM KpanuMa, a To je HAcorpadcKa mMpeacraBa 2KeHcKor NoKojiuKa y rpoby. Aa je y rpoOy caxparbeHa MOKOjHMIa M0- rBpbyje upeacrapa meHe TAaBe Ha ucTOUNO} crpanu cryOuha (ca. 15 u 15a). [osmme oarapa Kapabopbese upxse y Tonoan (Lymaauja) uma Abe HaArpoOue mAoue, jeAHa je Ha rpoOy mapoxa te WpKBe, a Apyra Ha rpo6y Herope »ceHe. Ha mAoW Mapoxa ucKAecan je Kpcr rpuKkor TuMNAa, a Ha TIAOUM HeroBe *Aene je jeAHakOKpaku Kpcr C KOCHM Kpaljuma, TaKBa ABa KpcTa HKcAecaHa Cy Ha HaArpoOHOj MAoun y Pucosyy (Bocna).3® Ue- THpH KpcTa C KOCHM Kpalluma BHAeO cam 1958, Ha KaMeHOM HaArpoOHoM kpcty oKojnuye c Kpaja 19. Beka y rpoO»y ceaa Beaux Iueauna y Aepuy. Aga kpcra ¢ KocHM KpauuMa, usmeby Kojux je xpumthanckn, ucKAecann cy Ha HaArpoOHom Kpcry Muauue Hanue, koja je ympaa 1860. 1 caxparena a ie — The Journal of the Embroiderers Guild IV, No, 2. Lon- ion . *®§. BeSlagié: Steéci u Blidinju. Zagreb 1958, sl. 2. u prilogu,88 TL, 2K. TETPOBY'A KOA upKse y Baacoruayuma (ucrowa Cp6uja).2 V rpo6sy cead Tere- puya, KoA Kparyjenua, na naarpoOHoM KpcTy OA KaMeHa ucKAccaHa cy Tp KpcTa ¢ KocHM Kpatjuma oxo jeAnakoxpakor xpuuihancKor Kpcra y cpeaunu. Kamenu xpcr je noauruyr 1874. Ha rpo6y noKojuuye us poaa Paausojesuha, ura. 15 Tlaaa y ow aa ce Kpcr c KocuM KpauuMa Aocta ynorpe6sanao, ma ce H cag aymorpeOsaBa, Ha HaATpOOHOM KaMemy 2KeHCKUX uoKojuuKka, On je 2eHcKH MAcorpam mpeAcrase »KeHCKUHA, a Kpcr AATHHCKOr TuNAa, pebe H Tpakor, MUMO OHHX c xpumhanckum oGcacajem, MAcorpam je upea- craBa MyliKapatja. Ao noABojenor OOeAcxaBatha MYIIKHX uM 2KCHCKHX MOKOjHMKAa AOMTAO ce c BepeKor rAeAumira, jep y KyATOBHMa HY oOpeauma MYNIKapU H 2KkCHCKE AMYHOCTH He yuecTByjy MOAjeAHaKo.9 Caeachu mpu- MepH yilorpebe KpceTa ¢ KOcHM KpallHMa, Kao HAeorpam MIpeActaBe 2eH- CKMX AWUHOCTH, OUHTACAHO TO HOTBpbyjy. TIpecanyja je »encka ypytKa, VY 36upuu Ernorpadcxor myseja y BeorpaaAy Ma “x 3 pa3sHux Hallinx Kpajepa, Muore mpecauye umajy mo jeAaH WAM HO ABa HAM HCKOAMKO M3pe3saHux KpcCToBa c¢ KOCHM Kpa- uuMa, Hajuctuhe y Bpxy HAM Ha KOAcHY TOA AOMATHIIOM mpecauue., Takpe osHake WMajy 4 lpecanye TpauKux Byrapa.!t Hucy cAyyajHo w3pesana Apa KpeTa C KOCHM KpalJMMa Ha ApBeloj HOAAO3H pecaBcKor TapKa (Bp- cra rpeOeHa) ca o6e crpane MeraaHux syOara.!? Ja cam ux uecro Bubao Ha Tako 3BaHHM WurancKuM rpeOenuma y jyacnoj Iymaauju. Ha HaArpoo- HOM Kamewy ceAa Ipemune y Bpbana, y pyAnnuKom Homopanay, mpea cTapwscHe cy lipecanye camo Ha rpoGopuMa noKojunya. Ipecaune u Kp- CTOBH Ha HHMa Cy OYHTACAHO O3HaKe 2KeHCKUX TOKOjHUKa. Kaaa ce BHLIe * iH, Tanreanh: O nadepo6num chomenuyuma..., y Taacuuxy Erxorpad- ckor myseja y Beorpaay 19, 1956, 293. a y xpuuhaucrsy noctoju raxsa MOABOjeHocT: oGpeae BpiIe camo My- lkapuu, uma je CAoSoAaM mpucryn y oaTap xpaMa, a 2KeHCKHIby je 3a6parben; y MyxaMeAaucrsy YWamuje nocehyjy camo MyutkapuH, ura, “ Xp. Baxapeacku: Bure na tpaxuckuts Beaeapu, Copus 1935, vr. I. “IL Tomuh: Aomaha padutoct..., y Taacuuxy Ernorpabcror myseja y Beorpaay 25, 1962, 184, ca. 1,HAPOAHM MOTMB YCKPCHYRA IlOKOJHUKA 89 KpcToBa C KOCHM KpaljuMa AOAMpyjy, OHAa OHM UHHE OpHaMeHaT HAM Op- HaMeHTHCaHH Topyo. Ma xkperoBa Cc KOCHM KpaliHMa KOjHMa 3a MOTHB HHje mocayxKHAa 3amMHcao 0 ycKpcHyhy NOKOjHuKa uM HeroBy OAAeTaHY y 3arpoOun cBeT. Oum cy HacTaAH 110 yKpriTeHHM AYyACKHM TOAeHHaMa MOA AyOarbom. Mma MX TIpeAcTaBhenux Ha crehyuma, OA KOjHX je jeAaH 43 BeauKor 3B0pHuKa na Apunn, jeaan ua crehky y TaMHaBckom ceay AoKMUpy HeAaAcKo 0A Basepa.! Onn cy 3acTyMeHH M Ha HOBHjeM HaATPOOHOM KaMelby 110 CBOj cepepHoj CpOuju, la MX MMa M Ha MO3HATHM CryACHHYKHM KpPCTOBHMAa OA Oeaor Mpamopa. Perpecusnum yrporhanarem oOAuKa mpeKpuirenHx To- Aenuyja AOGMO ce OOMYAH Kpcr c KOcHM Kpayuma, Kaaa ce TakaB Kpcr nabe Ha HaArpoOHOM KaMcHY YMpAHX MYLIKapatla, OHAa je OH Hacrao M10 MOTHBY YKplireHux roaeuuua, JeAan TakaB Kpcr UCKAecaH je MOA HO- Tama durype LOKOjHuKa Ha crapoM HaArpOOHOM KaMeHy Vy XepljcroBaadkoj Apexuuyu.*® Ha HaArpo6noj mAoun AyOomupa Muaanoruha, ympo 1909. y tpody ceaa Beaomenya, Koj Kparyjesya, uckaecan je y Bpxy Kpcr AaTHHCKor THA, y CpeAMHM posera, a V AHY KpcT c KocuM KpatuMa (cA. 16). Huaue ce uecto subajy y rpo6uma rpaaoBa Cp6nje na naArpoOHHM uAouaMa MeCTO KOCOr KpcTa MpeAcTaBe YKPLUTeHHX TOACHHLa MOA, AyOa- OM. To je 3sanarcKka uspaAa. lo 17 18 Ycxpcuyhe u oaaerate noKojHuKka y 3arpoOHn cBer MpeActaBraao ce M HAcorpacdckom mpeacTaBom ua crehuuMa KojH cy 3a MOTHB HMaAH 6uwKy Kpun (Lilium candidum L.), aau rex oHAa KaAa je 6uKa AO- 6uAa aHTpoMOHAHH OOAUK. Te mpeAcTane uMajy MoBHjeHe pyKe y AakTO- BHMa H Tako npukasyjy NoKojuuKka y moaery."® ma jeana ppcta aHTpomouAHHux TposyOara (c Ay2KOM AOHOM APTI KOM OA 3yOana), Koj 3a MoTHB uMajy ycKpcnyhe noKojunkKa mu HuxOBO % Taacuux Cpuckxor yyenor Apyura 51, 1882, 25, ca, 7. y upHaory. ApxeOAOWIKH CHOMeHHUM U HaAasuiuta y CpOuju (Beorpaa) I 1953, 177. 4° Hae crapuue II] 1956, ca. 3a, Ha c. 181. “11 OK. Terposuh: Morus cpuna, Y eauyuju Us narte napoane mpo- imaoctu, Beorpad 1960. IT 25 ca, 9—I1.90 Tl. 3K. METPOBM'A oAAetTaibe y sarpo6un crer. Hajuembhe cy npamemenn V KYATY DOKOjHMka. Taka purypa uckaccana je Ha HaArpoOnoj maou y ceay Uenmyhama ua o6aan ripema [emenmy" (ca. 17), Moxojuuk ca vaaurayram pykama y oOanky Tposynija ucKAecaH je MOA KpoBROM Na YeAy crehia y AucHun huma KoA Konya (ca, 18)8 Heoduann aurponou,ann Tposynin, mp AHYHO OurehenH, NpuKasaHM cy Ha SHAY CeocKe YpKBMHE ceaa TopoOuma KOA yxuuKe Tloxere.!9 Kperopu c KocHM KpayMma uw Tposymia mMajy y HaliemM Hapoay 4 yKpacny yaory. TakBy yAory uMaAu cy yrAaBHoM Ha TopyOuMa y Ha- poOAuoj mpouAocrn, Onn oOHuNO uMajy yKpacHe AOAaTKe MAM cy HM ce oOanMM AOTepuBAAH H IpeMHayapaan, Ma UX je HoeKAA TeUKO pacriosHa- tH. Meby uma uma ux Koj cy NacraAn TexMKoM IpHMeue, HAapounTo y Besy, IAcTeHY U TKaby. THE NATIONAL MOTIVE OF RESURRECTION IN HERCEGOVINA, BOSNIA AND SRBIA The application of a cross with slanting arms like Andria’s cross and a trident with a handle is not rare, They are found on tombstones from the 13-th century upto today, in national knitting, embroidery and cloth. Analysing the people's creed, customs and tradition and comparing them with other nations’ beliefs, the author has come to a conclusion that the crosses with lop-sided arms and tridents are the people’s anthropological ideograms which were representing the resur- rection of the dead and their flying off to deadliness on the Moon, The cross with slanting arms originated from the motive of crossed tibias of the deceased under his scull. The tibias were applicated on the monuments in the early Middle Ages and they are still in use today. The lop-sided cross as an ideogram was jparticulary used for women’s equipment (on distaffs, crests etc.) and on later monuments they denote a defunct woman in the grave. The anthropo- logical slanting crosses should be distinguished from those which proceeded from the work: in knitting, weaving and embroidery. They are used as ornaments, Petar 2. Petrovic — 47 Anali Histoniskog instituta u Dubrovniku IT 1953, 74, t. IX, sl, 2. u pri- ozima. 48 Hamre crapune IT 1954, 123, ca. 59. " Haneaeuu apxeoaowku cnomMeHmN m HaAasuutra I 1953, 166.