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HOW
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JARGON
TO IT

1PLETE AND EX HA
>n OP THE OLDEST TRADE
>GE OP THE AMERICAN COD
5Y GEO. G 5HAW
TheEDITH and LORNE PIERCE
COLLECTION o/CANADIANA

i(ueen's University at Kingston

tJOUQLAS
LifcttARy

Presented by

L. MACKAY SMITH ESTATE

May 1983

Queens University at Kingston

 THE CHINOOK JARGON
CHIEF AUTHORITIES.
Myron Eells, D. D., (manuscript).
George Gibbs, (Smithsonian Institution), printed.
Horatio Hale, M. A., F. R. S. C, (printed).
Charles M. Buchanan, (Haskell Institute), manuscript.
Dr. Franz Boas, (printed).
Alexander Francis Chamberlain, (printed).
Rev. Paul Gard, (manuscript notes), French words.
W. S. Phillips, (El Comancho), criticism.
Mr. and Mrs. H. S. Alfred (Indians), Suquamish, Wash.
Indians, (numerous), Puget Sd., Neah Bay and West Coast.
THE CHINOOK JARGON
AND HOW TO USE IT

A COMPLETE AND EXHAUSTIVE

LEXICON OF THE OLDEST TRADE
LANGUAGE OF THE
AMERICAN CONTINENT.

By
GEORGE C. SHAW

1909
Seattle
Rainier Printing Company, Inc.
116 Third Avenue So.
Copyright 1909 by
George C. Shaw
 To
Erastus Brainerd

INTRODUCTION
In offering the present work to the
public, it is the author's hope to supply,
with respect to other dictionaries of the
Chinook Jargon, a desideratum hitherto
unsupplied in the fifty or more editions
of small vocabularies issued during a
period of seventy years.
It has been the aim to give the origin
and derivation of every word treated,
whenever such is known, and to record
under each every authoritative reference
thereto. Also a reference to the author-
ity is noted.
With regard to the spelling, it is be-
lieved that a sufficient number of forms
is recorded to enable the student to
identify practically every word, as well
as to trace the origin of many words of
undetermined derivation.
A valuable feature is the index to use-
ful words in the main vocabulary. An-
other feature worth mention is the sup-
plemental vocabulary of about two hun-
dred uncommon words, which are of
such limited use as to preclude a neces-
sity for their appearance in the main
vocabulary. One of the best features,
perhaps, is the Guide to Pronunciation,
with the Key to the Symbols. This
pronouncing vocabulary records two
hundred and seventy-five words, employ-
ing the diacritically marked letters, and
is the work of the late Myron Eells,
than whom no higher authority ever
lived.
"The origin of this Jargon, a conven-
tional language similar to the Lingua
Franca of the Mediterranean, the Negro-
English-Dutch of Surinam, the Pigeon
English of China, and several other
mixed tongues, dates back to the fur
droguers of the last century. Those
mariners whose enterprise in the fifteen
years preceding 1800, explored the in-
tricacies of the northwest coast of
America, picked up at their general ren-
dezvous, Nootka Sound, various native
words useful in barter, and thence trans-
planted them, with additions from the
English, to the shores of Oregon. Even
before their day, the coasting trade and
warlike expeditions of the northern
tribes, themselves a seafaring race, had
opened up a partial understanding of
of each other's speech; for when, in
1792, Vancouver's officers visited Gray's
Harbor, they found that the natives,
though ^speaking a different language,
understood many words of the Nootka.
On the arrival of Lewis and Clarke
at the mouth of the Columbia, in 1806,
the new language, from the sentences
—
given by them, had evidently attained
some form. It was with the arrival of
Astor's party, however, that the Jargon
received its principal impulse. Many
more words of English were then
brought in, and for the first time the
French, or rather the Canadian and
Missouri patois of the French, were in-
troduced. The principal seat of the
company being at Astoria, not only a
large addition of Chinook words was
made, but a considerable number was
taken from the Chihalis, who immediate-
ly bordered the tribe on the north,
each owning a portion of Shoalwater
Bay. The words adopted from the sev-
eral languages were, naturally enough,
those most easily uttered by all, except,
of course, that objects new to the na-
tives found names in French or Eng-
lish, and such modifications were made
in pronunciation as suited tongues ac-
customed to different sounds. Thus the
gutturals of the Indians were softened
or dropped; and the f and r of the Eng-
lish and French, to them unpronounce-
able, were modified into p and 1. Gram-
matical forms were reduced to their
simplest expression, and variations in
mood and tense conveyed only by ad-
verbs or by the context. The language
continued to receive additions, and as-
sumed a more distinct and settled mean-
ing, under the Northwest and Hudson's
Bay companies, who succeeded Astor's
party, as well as through the American
settlers in Oregon. Its advantage was
soon perceived by the Indians, and the
Jargon became to some extent a means
of communication between natives of
different speech, as well as between
them and the whites. It was even used
as such between Americans and Cana-
dians. It was at first most in vogue
upon the lower Columbia and the Wil-
lamette, whence it spread to Puget
Sound, and with the extension of trade
found its way far up the coast, as well
as the Columbia and Fraser rivers; and
there are now few tribes between the
42nd and 57th parallels of latitude in
which there are not to be found inter-
preters through its medium. Its preva-
lence and easy acquisition, while of vast
convenience to traders and settlers, has
tended greatlyto hinder the acquire-
ment of the original Indian languages;
so much so, that except by a few mis-
sionaries and pioneers, hardly one of
them is spoken or understood by white
men in all Oregon and Washington Ter-
ritory. Notwithstanding its apparent
poverty in number of words, and the
 — —
X THE CHINOOK JARGON
absence of grammatical forms, it pos-
sesses much more flexibility and power
of expression than might be imagined,
and really serves almost every purpose
of ordinary intercourse.
The number of words constituting the
Jargon proper has been variously stated.
Many formerly employed have become
in great measure obsolete, while others
have been locally introduced. Thus, at
the Dalles of the Columbia, various
terms are common which would not
be intelligible at Astoria or on Puget
Sound. In making the following selec-
tion, I have included
all those which,
on reference to a number of vocabu-
laries, I have found current at any of
these places, rejecting, on the other
hand, such as individuals, partially ac-
quainted with the native languages, have
employed for their own convenience."
George Gibbs, in "A Dictionary of the
Chinook Jargon or Trade Language of
Oregon," prepared from materials col-
lected by himself during a residence of
twelve years on the Northwest Coast of
North America.
"CHINOOK."
"The 'Trade Language,' which came
afterwards to be known as the 'Chinook
Jargon,' grew into existence. As finally
developed, it has become really an 'inter-
national speech' widely diffused among
the fifty tribes of Oregon, Washington,
British Columbia and Alaska, and of
inestimable service, not only to com-
merce, but to science, to missionary ef-
forts, and to the convenience of travel-
ers. * * * The British and Ameri-
can trading ships first appeared on the
northwest coast during the closing years
of the last (eighteenth) century. The
great number of languages spoken by
the native tribes proved to be a. serious
hindrance to their business. * * *
Unfortunately, all these languages—
the Nootka, Nisqually, Chinook, Chi-
hailish, and others —were alike harsh in
pronunciation, complex in structure, and
each spoken over a very limited space.
But, as the harbor of Nootka was at
that time the headquarters or chief em-
porium of the trade, it was necessarily
the case that some words of the dialect
there spoken became known to the
traders, and the Indians, on the other
hand, were made familiar with a few
English words. These, with the assist-
ance of signs, were sufficient for the
slight intercourse that was then main-
tained. Afterwards the traders began
to frequent the Columbia River, and
naturally attempted to communicate
with the natives there by means of the
words with which they had found in-
telligible at Nootka. The Chinooks, who
are quick in catching sounds, soon ac-
quired these words, both Nootka and
English, and we find that they were in
use among them as early as the visit
of Lewis and Clark in 1804. But when,
at a later period, the white traders of
Astor's expeditions, and from other
quarters, made permanent establish-
ments in Oregon, it was soon found
that the scanty list of nouns, verbs, and
adjectives then in use was not sufficient
for the more constant and general inter-
course which began to take place. A
real language, complete in all its parts,
however limited in extent, was required;
and it was found by drawing upon the
Chinook for such words as were requi-
site, in order to add to the skeleton
which they had already possessed the
sinews and tendons, the connecting liga-
ments, as it were, of a speech. These
consisted of the numerals (the ten
digits and the word for hundred), twelve
pronouns (I, thou, he, we, ye, they, this.,
other, all, both, who, what), and about
twenty adverbs and prepositions (such
as now, then, formerly, soon, across,
ashore, offshore, inland, above, below, to,
with, etc.). Having appropriated these
and a few other words of the same
tongue, the Trade Language or, as it
now began to be styled,
—
'the Jargon'
assumed a regular shape, and became
of great service as a means of general
intercourse. But the new idiom received
additions from other sources. The Ca-
nadian voyageurs, as they are called,
who enlisted in the service of the Amer-
ican and British fur companies, were
brought more closely in contact with
the Indians than any others of the for-
eigners. They did not merely trade,
they traveled, hunted, ate, and, in short,
lived with them on terms of familiarity.
The consequence was that several words
of the French language were added to
the slender stock of the Jargon. Eight
on ten words were made by what gram-
marians term onomatopoeia, that is,
were formed by rude attempts to imi-
—
tate sound, and are therefore the sole
and original property of the Jargon.
All the words thus combined in this
singularly constructed language, at that
stage of its existence, were found to
number, according to my computation,
about two hundred and fifty. Of these,
eighteen were of Nootka origin, forty-
one were English, thirty-four French,
one hundred and eleven Chinook, ten
formed by onomatopoeia, and some
thirty-eight were of doubtful derivation,
though probably for the most part
either Chinook or Nootkan. But as
might be expected, the language con-
tinued to develop. Its grammar, such
as it was, remained the same, but its
Lexicon drew contributions from all the
various sources which have been named,
 AND HOW TO USE
and from some others. In 1863, seven-
teen years after my list was published,
the Smithsonian Institution put forth
a 'Dictionary of the Chinook Jargon,'
prepared by the late George Gibbs, a
thoroughly competent investigator. His
collection comprised nearly five hun-
dred words. Those of Chinook origin
had almost doubled, being computed at
two hundred and twenty-one. The
French had more than doubled, and com-
prised now ninety-four words.
English terms were sixty-seven.
great Salish or 'Flathead' stock,
whose tribes, next to the Chinook,
the Oregon traders had the largest re-
lations, furnishedthirty-nine words.
The Nootka, various dialects, now
in its
yielded twenty-four. The others, about
forty, were due to the imitation of nat-
ural sounds, or were of casual or un-
determined derivation. There can be no
doubt that it will remain a living and
useful language so long as the native
tribes continue to speak their own dia-
lects. Rude and formless as it is, the
spontaneous product of the commercial
needs of mingled races, it has been the
source of great and varied benefits. It
may well serve, if not as a model, at
least as a finger-post to direct us to
some higher invention for subserving
the larger uses of an advanced civiliza-
tion. Viewed in this light, and also as
presenting one of the most curious
specimens of a 'mixed language' which
philologists have had the opportunity of
analyzing, the Jargon seems to merit
a somewhat careful study."
—
Another View. "The Chinook Jargon
was invented by the Hudson Bay Com-
pany traders, who were mostly French-
Canadians. Having to trade with the
numerous trib3s inhabiting the coun-
tries west of the Rocky Mountains, it
was necessary to have a language un-
derstood by all. Hence, the idea of
composing the Chinook Jargon. Fort
Vancouver being the principal post, the
traders of the twenty-nine forts belong-
ing to the company, on the western
slope, and the Indians from every part
of that immense country, had to come
to Vancouver for the trading season-
They used to learn the Chinook, and
then teach it to others. In this manner
it became universally known. The two
first missionaries to Oregon, Rev. F. N.
Blanchet, V. G., and his worthy com-
panion, Rev. Mod. Demers, arrived from
Canada to Vancouver on the 24th of No-
vember, 1838. They had to instruct
numerous tribes of Indians, and the
wives and children of the whites, who
spoke only the Chinook. The two mis-
sionaries set to work to learn it, and in
a few weeks Father Demers had mas-
tered it, and began to preach. He com-
IT. XI
posed a vocabulary which was very use-
ful to other missionaries. He composed
several canticles which the Indians
learned and sang with taste and de-
light. He
also translated all the Chris-
tian prayers in the same language. Such
is the origin of the Chinook Jargon,
which enabled the two first missionaries
in the country to do a great deal of
good among the Indians and half-
The
breeds." —
Rev. L. N. St. Onge.
Judge Swan's Opinion: "This Jargon
The is composed of Chinook, French and
with English languages, and is supposed by
many to have been formed by the Hud-
son Bay Company for trading purposes.
Such, however, is not the fact. There
have been constant additions to the Jar-
gon since the advent of the Hudson Bay
Company, for many of the words now
in general use in this language are of
French and English origin, but I think
that, among the Coast Indians in par-
ticular, the Indian part of the language
has been in use for years. The first
mention I have seen made of this Jar-
gon is in Meare's voyages in 1788, where
in giving an account of a chief named
Callicum, who hurt his leg while climb-
ing on board ship, and then sucked the
blood from the wound, Meares states
he "licked his lips, and, patting his
belly, exclaimed, cloosh, cloosh, or good,
good."
Cloosh, or klose, or close, are all the
same, and mean good. The different
manner in which words are spelled is
no evidence of a difference of meaning,
for no two writers of Indian words
fully agree as to the proper method of
spelling. (Xloshe is spelled in the fol-
lowing ways: Close, Closche, Clouch,
klosche, klose, klosh, kloosli, tloos, tlosh,
tlush, etc.— Editor). Still later than
this, in 1803, Jewett, in his narrative
of the ship Boston, at Nootka, gives a
vocabulary of the words in common
use among the Nootkans. * * "It is
a language confined wholly, I believe,
to our Northwestern possessions west
of the Rocky Mountains. It originated
in the roving, trading spirit of the
tribes,and has been added to and in-
creased since the introduction of the
—
whites among them." The Northwest
Coast.
ABBREVIATION'S AND EXPLANA-
TORY NOTES.
Adj. Adjective. "The adjective pre-
cedes the noun, as in English and Chi-
nook; as, lasway hakatschum, silk hand-
kerchief; mesanchie tilikum, bad peo-
ple." —
Hale.
Adv. Adverb. "The adverb usually
precedes the adjective or verb which it
qualifies, though itmay sometimes fol-
low the latter." — Hale.

XII THE CHINOOK JARGON
Belbella. Bellabella. "The popular
name of an important Kwakiutl tribe
living on Milbank Sd., Brit. Col. The
language spoken by this tribe is a
peculiar dialect of Kwakiutl, called
Heiltsuk from the native name of the
Bellabella. When voyagers first began
frequenting the N. Pacific Coast Mil-
bank Id. was often visited, and its in-
habitants were therefore among the first
to be modified by European contact."
Hodge. See Olallie.
(C) Chinookan family of languages.
In 1841 the number of Chinook words
in the Jargon numbered 111; in 1863,
221; in 1894, 198, the number given in
this dictionary. The letters C, E.,
N. and S. refer to the derivation of
words, and signify Chinook, English,
French, Nootka, and Salish. See Chinook.
(C & E.) Chinook and English. The
letters C.
the word.
& E. refer to the derivation of
(Can. Pr.) Canadian
Prench. The
Canadian voyageurs, as they are called,
were more closely in contact with the
Indians than any others of the foreign-
ers, from 1810 to 1855. See, bread, flour,
overcoat, hat, axe, pipe, mill, table, box,
head, mouth, tongue, teeth, neck, hand,
foot, run, sing, dance, etc. When the
Hudson's Bay Company removed from
Oregon and Washington these Canadians
also largely left, so a large share of
these words of French origin have been
dropped.
Cathlamet. A Chinookan tribe form-
erly residing on the south bank of Co-
lumbia river, near its mouth, in Oregon.
They adjoined the Clatsop. As a dialect,
Cathlamet was spoken by a number of
Chinookan tribes on both sides of the
Columbia, extending up the river as far
as Rainier. It is regarded as belonging
to the upper Chinook division of the
family. —
Hodge. See, Skwis-kwis.
Chihalis. Chehalis. A collective name
for several Salishan tribes on Chehalis
river and its affluents, and on Grays
Harbor, Wash. By many writers fhey
are divided into Upper Chehalis, dwell-
ing above Satsop river, and the Lower
Chehalis, from that point down. This
dictionary gives 36 words of Chehalis
origin. See Elip, moosum, etc.
Chinook (from Tsinuk, their Chehalis
name). The Chinook were first de-
scribed by Lewis and Clark in 1805,
though they had been known to traders
for at least 12 years previously. From
their proximity to Astoria and their in-
timate relations with the early traders,
the Chinook soon became well known,
and their language formed the basis for
the widely spread Chinook Jargon.
Linguistically they were divided into
two groups: (1) Lower Chinook, com-
prising two slightly different dialects,
—
the Chinook proper, and the Clatsop;
(2) Upper Chinook, which included all
the rest of the tribes, though with nu-
merous slight dialectic differences. The
dialects of the Lower Chinook are now
practically extinct. Upper Chinook is
still spoken by considerable numbers.
See Cathlamet, Clatsop, Wasco.
Chippeway. Chippewa. One of the
largest tribes north of Mexico, whose
range was formerly along both shores
of Lake Huron and L. Superior, extend-
ing across Minnesota to Turtle Mts., N.
Dakota. See Tatoosh.
Clallam. A Salish tribe living on the
south side of Puget Sound, Wash., form-
P., erly extending from Port Discovery to
Hoko river, being bounded at each end
by the Chimakum and Makah. Subse-
quently they occupied Chimakum terri-
tory and established a village at Port
—A
Townsend. Hodge. See Toluks.
Clatsop. Chinookan tribe. The
Clatsop is merely a dialect of the Chi-
nook. The language is now practically
extinct.
Clayoquot.A Nootka tribe living on
Meares Id., and Torfino inlet, Clayoquot
Sd., Vancouver Id. See Chako, kokshut,
kumtuks.
Conj. Conjunction. "Only two con-
junctions, properly speaking, are found
in the language, pe and spose." Hale.
Cree. An important Algonquian tribe
—
of British America. The Cree are close-
ly related, linguistically and otherwise,
to the Chippewa. They were friendly
from their first intercourse with the
English and the French and the Hud-
son Bay Co. See Mitass, moosmoos,
Siskiyou.
Ex. Example.
(E.) English. "The words of English
origin numbered in 1841, 41; in 1863,
67, and in 1904, 570. Many words of
French and Indian origin have been
dropped. The English words are used
both by Indians and whites when they
talk Chinook, and so have become a part
of the language." Eells. —
(P.) French. In 1841, 34 words of
French origin were in use, in 1863, 94
words, and in 1894, 153 words. For
words of French origin see letter L.
About thirty words are in use now, and
these will soon be dropped, as they are
seldom used, except by the old folks.
Interj. Interjection. Of these there
are sixteen words and two phrases.
(J) Jargon. Words marked J are con-
sidered to be the peculiar property of
the Jargon, as having been formed
either in imitation of sounds or by some
casual invention. Hale. — Seee Onoma.
Kalapuya. Kalapooian Family. A
group of tribes formerly occupying tho
valley of Willamette river, N. W. Ore-
gon, and speaking a distinct stock Ian-
 AND HOW TO USE IT. XIII

guage.
Xlaokwat. See Clayoquot.
these words
liplip,
is not greater.
tintin, poo, tiktik,
— Hale.
tumtum, turn-
See

Xlikatat. Klikitat. A
Shahaptian wata, mahsh, klak, etc.
tribe whose former seat was at the head prep. Preposition. There are nine
waters of the Cowlitz, Lewis, White words and three phrases which are used
Salmon, and Klickitat rivers, north of as prepositions. The principal words
Columbia river, in Klickitat and Skama- are kopa saghalie, over; keekwulee, un-
nia counties, Wash. Their eastern neigh- der; and kunamokst, with; kopa is, how-
bors were the Yakima, who speak a ever, used more than all the others, as
closely related language, and on the it has a great variety of meanings,
west they were met by various Salishan which can only be known by the con-
and Chinookan tribes. They were en- nection, some of which are entirely op-
terprising traders, widely known as in- posite to each other.
termediaries between the Coast tribes pron. Pronoun. The pronouns are ten
and those living east of the Cascade in number in the words and seven in
range. The Topenish are probably their the phrases, nearly all the latter being
nearest relatives. Hodge.
moos, Nawitka, Hoolliool.
— See Moos- formed by the addition of self to the
personal pronouns, as mika self, etc.
lummi. A Salish tribe on and inland Quaere u. d. Unknown or of unde-
from Bellingham Bay, N. W. Wash. termined derivation. Unmarked words
The Lummi are now under the jurisdic- are of doubtful origin.
tion of the Tulalip school superintend- (S.) Salish. "Salishan tribes held the
ent, Washington. See Kullagfhan. entire northwestern part of Washington,
Makah. The southernmost tribe of including the whole of the Puget Sound
the Wakashan stock, the only one within region, except only the Macaw territory
the United States. They belong to the about Cape Flattery, and two insignifi-
Nootka branch. By treaty of Neah Bay, cant spots, one near Port Townsend,
Wash., Jan. 31, 1855. the Makah ceded the other on the Pacific coast to the
all their lands at the mouth of the south of Cape Flattery, which were
Strait of Juan.de Fuca except the im-
mediate area including Cape Flattery.
occupied by Chimakuan tribes. Pilling. —
Tokwaht. Merely a dialect of the
The Ozette reservation was established Nootka.
—
by order of April 12, 1893. Hodge. See Twana. A Puget Sound tribe, former-
Kloslie, Mahkook. ly Twana, but later known as Skoko-
n. Noun. "There are far more nouns mish; west side Hood's Canal to the
in the language than there are words Olympics, from Skokomish river on the
in any other part of speech or even in south to Quilcene, near Port Townsend,
all the other parts combined." Eells.
(N.) The letter N. refers to the deri-
— on the north.
v. Verb. Verbs come third in num-
vation of the word, and signifies Nootka. ber in the words, being- exceeded by
Nootkas, the conventional generic name nouns and adjectives, and second in
of all the tribes in Vancouver and oppo- phrases, and second in both combined.
site coast, many of whom speak totally The word mamook placed before vari-
different languages.
(N. & E.)
—
Keane.
The letters N. & E. refer
ous other words forms 209 of these
phrases.
to the derivation of the word, and sig- Wasco. A Sahaptin (Columbia) tribe,
nify Nootka and English. between the Rocky Mountains and the
Nisqually. "A Puget Sound (Colum- John Day river.
bian) nation, with many sub-tribes Yakama. The Yakima and Klikitat
whose names end mostly in mish, and are dialects of one of the Sahaptin lan-
will thus be recognized without requir- guages.
ing to be indexed. Keane.
Nlttinat.
—
The Tokwaht, Nittinat and BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES.
Makah quoted in the dictionary are Allen.. Ten Years in Oregon. Ithaca,
dialects of the Nootka. (Ants.") The 1848; 1850; Thrilling adventures, N. Y.
generic name of most of the tribes on 1859.
the west coast of Vancouver Island. All Armstrong*. Oregon. Chicago, 1857.
speak dialects of the same language. Bancroft. The Native Races, vol. 3,
See klatawa, mahkook, mowitsh, peshak, pp. 556-557-631-635. S. F., 1882.
wawa, winapie. Blanchet. Dictionary. McCormick,
Onoma. Onomatopoeia. Eight or ten Portland, 1856; 1862; 1868; 1873; 1878;
words were made by what grammarians 1879.
term onomatopoeia that —
is, were
formed by a rude attempt to imitate
Boas. Chinook Jargon Songs, in Jl.
Am. Folk-lore, vol. 1, 1888.
sound, and are therefore the sole and Bolduc. Mission de la Colombie. Que-
original property of the Jargon. Con- bec, 1843.
sidering its mode of formation, one is Buchanan. Elementary lessons in the
rather surprised that the number of Chinook Jargon as used by the Indians
XIV THE CHINOOK JARGON
of Puget Sound. (Mss.) Tulalip, 1900.
Chamberlain. Words of Algonkian or-
igin in the Chinook Jargon, in Science,
vol. 18, 1891.
Charency. Review of Horatio Hale's
"International Idiom," in Le Museon.
10, 1891.
Cloug-h. On the existence
languages. London, 1876.
Cook. A voyage to the Pacific Oceon,
vol. 2, pp. 335-336; vol. 3,
London, 1785.
Coomes. Dictionary. Seattle, 1891.
Cox. Adventures on the Columbia Riv-
er, vol. 2, p. 134. London, 1831. The Co-
lumbia River. London, 1832 (2 vols).
Adventures on the Columbia River. N.
Y., 1832.
Crane. The Chinook Jargon; a review
of Hale, in Brighton (England) Herald,
no. 4883, p. 4, July 12, 1890.
Demers. Definitio Dogmatis Immac-
ulatae Conceptionis Beatissimae. (The
Dogma is first given in latin, followed by
the translation into the Chinook Jargon.)
Typis Joannis Mariae Shea, Neo Ebora-
censis, 1860.
Demers, Blanchet, and St. Ongfe. Dic-
tionary, Catechism, Prayers' and Hymns.
Montreal, 1871.
Dictionary of Indian Tongues
Tsimpsean,
gon.
Hydah, and Chinook Jar-
Victoria, 1862; 1865.
Dictionary of the Chinook Jargon.
(For the most part a reprint, with omis-
sions, of Gibbs-Pilling). Victoria, 1871;
1877; 1883; 1887; 1889, etc., to 1908.
Dictionary of the Chinook Jargon.
Olympia, 1873.
Dunn. History of the Oregon Terri-
tory. London, 1844; 1846.
Durieu. Bible History translat-.
.
ed into the Chinook Jargon.
N. Y., Cincinnati,
Benziger,
Chicago,
loops, B.C, 1893.
Eells. Manuscript Dictionary of the
Chinook Jargon, 5 vols, folio. Note from
Eells' Introduction: "A number
tionaries have been published in the
Chinook Jargon language, and it may
seem superfluous to write another; still
thus far all of them are small and are
based on the language as it was forty or
fifty years ago. Gibbs' Dictionary was
for many years by far the best, and is
yet in many respects, as it gives the ori-
gin of nearly all the words and much
other valuable information, but it was
written nearly forty years ago. I have
used it very much in preparing this
work. Hale's Trade Language of Ore-
gon or Chinook Jargon is recent and is
excellent, especially in its Introductory
part; far better than any which preceded
it, but that excellent man and scholar
has labored under the disadvantage of
not having mingled much with those
who have used the language for
about fifty years, and so has been un-
able to note a great share of the changes
which have taken place. The dictiona-
ries of Gill, Hibben, Tate, Lowman and
Hanford and Good are all small; are in
as condensed form as possible, being in-
vol. tended for pocket use for travellers,
traders and learners, and in this way
of mixed have done good work for what they were
intended. The two latter, however, only
have the Chinook English part. The
pp. 540-546. dictionary of Durieu is very meager,
while that of Demers and St. Onge is
out of print, and both are intended rath-
er more for use by the Catholics than
by the public." . ."Having used it
.
(Jargon) for eighteen years, having
talked in it, sung in it, prayed and
preached in it, translated considerable
into it, and thought in it, I thought I
knew a little about the language, but
when I began to write this dictionary I
found that there was very much which
I did not- know about it, but which I
wished to know in order to make this
dictionary as perfect as it should be.
This is especially so in regard to the
pronunciation of words which are not
used on Puget Sound, the introduction of
new words, and the marking of those
which are obsolete. In preparing these
pages, I have tried to note the follow-
. . .
—
ing items, the different ways of spell-
ing each word with the authority for
each, the proper pronunciation, the ori-
gin, part of speech, meaning, the place
where it is used, if used at all, a sen-
tence or more to show the use of a large
share of the words, and the phrases
which are derived from a combination
of words, which answer to a single word
.
in English."
March, 1893.
—
Skokomish, Union City,
How Languages Grow,
and Kam-
Dells.
—Ad-
in
vance, March 25, and July 8, 1875, re-
lates wholly to the Chinook Jargon. Chi-
cago, 1875. Hymns in the Chinook Jar-
gon, Portland, 1878; 1889. The Chinook
of dic- Jargon, in the Seattle Weekly Post-In-
telligencer, vol. 1, no. 52, p. 4, column 8,
Seattle, September 29, 1882. History of
Indian Missions, Philadelphia, 1882. Ten
Years of Missionary Work. Boston, 1886.
The Twana, Chemakum, and Klallam In-
dians, in Smithsonian Institution, Annual
Rept. of the Board of Regents for 1887,
part 1, pp. 605-681. Washington, 1889.
Aboriginal geographic names in the state
of Washington, in American Anthropol-
ogist, vol. 5, pp. 27-35. Washington, 1892.
Gallatin. Hale's Indians of N. W.
America, in American Ethnological Soc.
Trans., vol 2. N. Y., 1848.
Gatschet. Indian languages of the
Pacific states and territories, in Maga-
zine of American Hist., vol. 1, pp. 145-
171. N. Y., 1877.
Gibbs. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Col-
lections (161), A Dictionary of the Chi-
nook Jargon. Washington, 1863. N. Y.,

AND HOW TO USE
Cramoisy press, 1863.
Gill. Dictionary, (ninth edition), Port-
land, 1882; 1884; 1887; 1889; 1891.
Good. Dictionary. Victoria, 1880.
Green. Extracts from the report of an
exploring tour on the N. W. coast of
America in 1829. in the missionary Her-
ald, vol. 26, pp. 343-345. Boston, 1830.
Haines. The American Indian. Chi-
cago, 1888.
Hale. United States exploring expedi-
tion, 6, Philadelphia,
vol. 1846. An In-
ternational Idiom. London, 1890.
Hazlitt. British Columbia and "Van-
couver Island. London, 1858. The Great
Gold Fields of Cariboo. London, 1862.
Jewitt. A narrative of the adventures
and sufferings of John R. Jewitt, (writ-
ten by Roland Alsop). Middletown, 1815.
Second edition, 1815. N. Y., 1816; Mid-
dletown, 1816; Middletown, 1820; Edin-
burgh, 1824; Ithaca, 1849, 1851. The
Captive of Nootka, by Peter Parley,
Philadelphia, 1861; 1869, and various oth-
er editions.
Latham. The natural history
varieties of man, London, 1850.
Lee and Frost. Ten years in Oregon,
N. Y., 1844.
Le Jeune. Practical Chinook Jargon
vocabulary, Kamloops, 1886, 1892. Kam-
loops Wawa, a periodical in the Chinook
Jargon, 1891, etc. Chinook Primer,
Chinook and Shorthand, 1892.
Leland. The Chinook Jargon, in St.
James Gazette, vol. 17, no. 2529,
London, July 13, 1888. An International
Idiom, a review of Hale, in the Saturday
Review, vol. 30, no. 1822, pp.
London, Sept. 27, 1890.
Lionnet. Vocabulary, Washington,
1853.
Macdonald. British Columbia and Van-
couver's Island, London, 1862.
Macfie. Vancouver Id. and B. C, Lon-
don, 1865.
Macleod. History of the Devotion to
the Blessed Virgin Mary in America, New
York, 1866.
Montgomerie and De Horsey. A Few
Words collected from the languages
spoken by the Indians in the neighbor-
hood of the Columbia River and Puget's
Sound, London, 1848.
Nicoll. The Chinook language or Jar-
gon, in Popular Science Monthly, vol. 35,
pp. 257-261, N. Y., 1889.
Norris. The Calumet of the Coteau,
Philadelphia, 1883.
Palmer. Journal of Travels over the
Rocky Mountains, Cincinnati, 1847; 1850;
1851; 1852.
Parker. Journal of an exploring tour
beyond the Rocky Mountains
the years 1835-'37,
Ithaca, 1838; 1840;
1842; 1844; Auburn, 1846.
Phillips. Totem Tales, Chicago, sev-
eral editions.
Pilling". Bibliography of the Chinook-
—
IT. XV
an Languages, including the Chinook
Jargon, Washington, 1893. Bibliography
of the Salishan Languages, Washington,
1893. Bibliography of the Wakashan
Languages, Washington, 1894.
Prosch. Dictionary of the Chinook,
Seattle, 1888.
Beade. Chinook versus. Greek, in
Montreal Gazette, vol. 119, no. 239, p. 4,
October 6, 1890.
Boss. Adventures of the First Settlers
on the Oregon or Columbia River, Lon-
don, 1849.
Schoolcraft. Indian Tribes of the
United States, vol. 5, pp. 548-551, Phila-
delphia, 1851-1857; Philadelphia, 1884, 2
vols.
— Scouler. Observations on the Indigen-
ous tribes of the N. W. coast of Amer-
ica, in Royal Geog. Soc. of London, Jour,
vol 11, pp. 215-251, London, 1841. On
the Indian Tribes inhabiting the North-
west Coast of America, in Edinburgh
New Philosophical Jour., vol. 41, pp. 168-
192, Edinburgh, 1846. Reprinted in the
of the Ethnological Soc. of London Jour., vol.
1, pp. 228-252, Edinburgh, n. d.
Sproat. Scenes and Studies of Savage
Life, London, 1868.
Stuart. Montana as it is, New York,
1865.
Swan. The Northwest Coast; or, Three
Years' Residence in Washington Terri-
tory, New York. 1857; London. 1857.
Tate. Chinook, as spoken by the In-
p. 6, dians of Washington Territory, British
Columbia and Alaska, Victoria, 1889.
Tylor. Primitive Culture, London,
377-378, 1871; Boston. 1874; New York, 1874; 1877.
Western Volapuk. A review of Hale,
in the Critic, vol. 14, pp. 201-202, N. Y.,
1890.
Wilson. Prehistoric Man, vol. 2, pp.
429-432, London, 1862; London, 1865, pp.
586-588; London, 1876, vol. 2, pp. 334-338.
Winthrop. The Canoe and the Sad-
dle, adventures among the northwestern
rivers and forests; and Isthmania, Bos-
ton. 1863 (various editions).
NOTES FROM GIBBS' DICTIONARY.
"Parker's Journal," pp. 336-388, "Vo-
cabulary of the Chenook Language, as
spoken about Fort Vancouver.
Hale's Ethnography and Philology of
the United States Exploring Expedition,
pp. 636-650. A vocabulary of the "Jar-
gon or Trade Language of Oregon," with
an essay thereon, and phrases. A par-
tial reprint of the above, in Transactions
of the American Ethnological Society, 2
N.
vols., 1845-1848. in
Y., vol. pp. 62-70.
— under of "Hale's
title
North West America."
2,
Indians of
... in Bolduc's "Mission de la Columbie."
The Lord's Prayer in Jargon, "et quel-
ques mots Tchinoucs et Sneomus." The
Snohomish is a tribe of Puget Sound.
The Chinook words are merely Jargon.
Palmer's Journal, pp. 147-152. "Words
XVI THE CHINOOK JARGON
used in the Chinook Jargon."
Ross. Adventures of the First Set-
tlers on the Oregon or Columbia River.
Ross gives a "Chinook Vocabulary," pp.
342-348, and words of the "mixed dia-
lect," p. 349. His Chinook is, however,
also impure.
Lee and Prost. "A short vocabulary
of the Clatsop dialect." This is likewise
Jargon.
Schoolcraft. History, &c, of the In-
dian Tribes of the U. S. Lieut. G. P.
Emmons sives a brief "Klatsop Vocabu-
lary," in Part 3, pp. 223-224, which is
the same character. Note 1, to article,
"Philosophy of Utterance," Part 5, pp.
548-551, a "vocabulary of the Chinook
Jargon."
Lionnet. Vocabulary. Printed by the
Smithsonian Institution, for private dis-
tribution.
Swan. N. W. Coast, pp. 412-422. "A
vocabulary of the Chehalis and Chenook
or Jargon Languages, with the deriva-
tion of the words used in the latter."
Winthrop. The Canoe and the Saddle,
pp. 299-302. "A partial vocabulary of the
Chinook Jargon."
Dunn. History of the Oregon Terri-
tory. "A few specimens of the language
of the Millbank and Chinook tribes."
Chinook tribe: 50 words and phrases, in-
cluding digits. These words, as usual,
are in great part "Jargon," and belong to
the Nootkan, not to the Chinook."
NOTES FBOM EELLS' MANUSCRIPT
DICTIONARY.
Parker "gives 103 words and phrases."
St. Ong-e "gives 787 Chinook words and
phrases with no English-Chinook part."
Lee and Prost. "In the appendix are
50 words which the authors say are in
the Clatsop dialect, but which Gibbs says
are in the Jargon. I think some are
Clatsop, but some are undoubtedly Jar-
gon."
Dunn. "Thirty Chinook Jargon words
and expressions."
Swan. "In the appendix is quite a full
—
vocabulary, 327 words. Judge Swan
lived on Shoalwater Bay, Wash., near
the Chehalis and Chinook Indians, and he
gives quite a number of words which
are given by no other writer, which he
says are of Chehalis origin. Gibbs re-
jects many of these, because he thinks
that Swan imperceptibly used them as
Chinook Jargon, but that they did not
properly belong to the language, but to
the Chehalis. I have inserted them as
being a part of the Jargon of that region
at that time, as certainly many English
words now in use on Puget Sound are a
part of the Jargon of this time and place.
The environment always affects the lan-
guage."
Gibbs. "This was by far the best dic-
tionary at that time and will ever re-
main a standard authority on the lan-
guage of that time. In the Chinook-
English Part are 490 words, and in the
English-Chinook. 792."
Winthrop. "Two hundred and sixty-
one Chinook words. There is no Eng-
lish-Chinook part.
Hibben. "The author's name is not
given, but it is believed to be Lionnet.
of It gives very nearly the same words as
Gibbs in both parts."
Good. "It has no Chinook-English
part. In the English-Chinook he gives
825 words."
Durieu. "431 Chinook Jargon words.
No English-Chinook part."
Tate. "It follows Gibbs very closely."
Hale. "473 Chinook Jargon words; 634
in the English-Chinook part."
Gill. "This with its predecessors has
been the standard for Oregon for over
thirty years. It was first published by
S. J. McCormick, and its latest reviser
is Rev. W. C. Chatten. In the Chinook-
English part are 560 words, and in the
English-Chinook, 1378."
Coomes. [L. & H.] "It follows Gill
very closely in its Chinook-English part
and has no English Chinook part."
Boas. "Gives a short vocabulary of 75
words in the Journal of American Folk
Lore, pp. 225-226, obtained at Victoria,
B. C, and 24 words, obtained at Shoal-
—
water Bay, Wash. in Science, March 4,
1892, p. 129. A few words are also given
by authority of Dr. W. CMcKay, late
of Pendleton, Oregon."
"A comparison of these dictionaries
shows Gibbs to be the most scientific and
thorough in all things except the spell-
ing. Hibben and Tate agree with it very
closely. Hale is a little more independ-
ent, but gives the best grammar and lit-
erature of all. Gill's is the fullest, and
is still more independent. Lowman and
Hanford's (Coomes) is almost exactly
like the Chinook-English part of Gill's.
St. Onge's is entirely independent of
all the others, and the most scientific in
the spelling; Durieu's is meagre, but
more nearly like St. Onge's than any oth-
er in regard to spelling. Good's is the
most modern, omitting many obsolete
words, and introducing many new ones,
but his spelling is at fault, as he often
spells the same words in different ways,
even three or four ways. The rest of the
dictionaries are local and small, but valu-
able because gathered so early."
 —

THE CHINOOK JARGON

AND HOW TO USE IT.

A" LEXICON
Ex.: Anhkuttie mama, a grand-
——
anan.
mother. Ahnkuttie papa, a grandfa-
A ther; an ancestor; forefather; progen-
itor.
ancient
Ahnkuttie tillikums, ancestors;
,

people. Ahnkuttie tillikums

—
Ahn'-kut-tie, or Ah'n-kut-te, adv. (C)
klaska
laly, —
long ago.
—
wawa, traditions. Ahnkuttie
(Chinook.-ankutti.) Formerly; before "Time: Present, Past and Future. In
now; long- ago; anciently; ago. (With indicating time in the Chinook jargon
the accent prolonged on the first the verb does not change its form at all;
syllable, a very long time ago; an- it is absolutely inflexible as far as
ciently. The longer the first syllable is change of the word form is concerned,
held, the longer the time expressed.) and the idea of time is added fey adding
——
Example: Hyas anhkuttie, a very long
Tenas ahnkuttie, a little
—
a word to indicate that thus alki (by
time ago.
while ago. Kunjin laly ahnkuttie? — and by), after awhile, in the future) to
indicate future time; ahncutty (in the
how long ago? Tahtlum sun ahnkuttie, past, some time ago, a long time ago,
— ten days ago.
lit., far ago.
—
(Siah ahnkuttie, very
A great deal is
once upon a time) to indicate past time;
ancient, and alta (now) to indicate present time
expressed by the mere stress of the where it is important to emphasize the
voice; hyas
syllable — —
means
dwelling long on the last
exceedingly great;
fact that present time and only pres-
ent time is indicated. Ordinarily if the
hyak, very quick; hiyu, a great many; time is omitted or not specified it is un-
tenas, very small, &c.) Delate ahnkut- derstood to be present time, naturally.
tie,— very long ago. "In Chinook the Intensity of meaning or duration of time
verb is absolutely inflexible, it never may also be indicated by prolongation
changes its form for mood, tense or any- of the sounding of a word, thus: laly
thing else; these are always indicated
by the agglutination of a word indicat-
(time) —
la-a-a-aly (a long time).
is based upon an instinctive principle
This
ing the mood, tense, etc. The idea of common to all tongues, just as we in
tense is most simple and rudimentary, English phonetically indicate prolonga-
that is, past, present and future; ahn- tion of time or extension in space or in-
— "A
kuttie, alta, alki." — Buchanan.
Chinook word is elastic and
tensity of feeling by means of the into-
Note nation. So we say 'a long time' and 'a
expresses a broad and general idea rath-
er than one altogether specific, hence the
lo-o-o-o-ng time." Buchanan.
— —
Note "A thorough knowledge of a few
extreme elasticity of the Chinook jar- dozen words will give one sufficient ma-
gon. Specific ideas must be expressed by terial with which, after actual practice,
qualifiers or modifiers added to the word, to carry on ordinary conversations. In
as will be readily seen in practice. Each practice the sentences are built up by
word is a tool whose general uses and agglutination or association of words,
whose specific uses must be mastered be- just as a child builds houses and various
fore successful work can be done or sat- other wonderful structures from its
isfactory progress be made." Buch-— blocks. In so doing there is always a

Note. The letters (C). (E)., (P).,

f doubtful or undetermined origin. The
(N). and (S). refer to the derivation of cognates follow in parenthesis, as, (C).
words, and signify Chinook, English, (Chinook,-ankutti). A pronouncing vo-
French, Nootka, and Salish. Words cabulary immediately follows the list
marked (J) are considered to be the pe- of useful words. A supplemental vocab-
culiar property of the Jargon, as hav- ulary of archaic or unusual words comes
ing been formed either in imitation of next. Then follows the English-Chinook
sounds or by some casual invention. part. (See Explanatory notes.)
Words marked (Quaere u. d.) are of
 — —

THE CHINOOK JARGON

very wide sphere for the exercise of in- When it is absolutely necessary to dis-
genuity on the part of the speaker, and tinguish time, certain adverbs are em-
upon this, in a measure, depends the ployed: as chee, alta, alki, ahnkuttie,
skill with which he may handle Chinook okoke-sun, tomolla, tahlkie, ikt tahlkie."
and convey his thoughts therein. The —Hale.
jargon is essentially a spoken and not a Al'-ta, or Al'tah, adv. (C). (Chinook,
written tongue it is very much alive. altakh). Now, at the present time. Ex.:
Spelling*. There are no hard and fast
rules for the spelling of words, and ev-
eryone in writing Chinook follows the
Alta yaka chako,
skookum
alta, —not alta,
now.
— —amnowstrong
I
he comes.
now,
Nika
wake
dictates of his own judgment in the Ats,
n. (C). (Chinook,-ats. Yakima,-
fabrication of phonetic equivalents, atse). A
sister; a young-er sister. In
which are at best only approximations." the original, only when used by her
— Buchanan.
"It may not at first be easy to com-
prehend how a language composed of so
brother.
ter.
Mama,
— —
Ex.: Elip ats, an older sis
Ats yaka man, a brother-in-law.
or papa yaka ats, an aunt, (see
few words, thus inartificially combined, kahpho). "Sister is used on Puget
can be extensively used as the sole me- Sound. Sister yaka tenas klootchman,
dium of communication among many
thousand individuals. . .But it
.
— a niece."— Boas.
becoming obsolete.)
(The word Ats is
is in the faculty of combining and com-
pounding its simple vocables a power —
which it doubtless derives, in some de-
gree, from its connection with the In-
—
dian tongues that the jargon has its
B
capacity for expression almost indefi-
nitely extended. Three or four hundred Boat, n. (English, idem). A boat, as
words may be learned without difficulty distinguished from a canoe; a skiff.
in a week or two, and a very short time Ex.: Kopa boat, aboard.
—
kopa boat, overboard.
—
Klahanie
will make the learner familiar with
their ordinary use and construction. He Book, n. (English, -idem). A book;
will then have no difficulty in under- volume; pocketbook. Example: Sagha-
standing the numerous compounds lie Tyee yaka book, — The Bible. (Lit-
erally, — God, his book). Tenas book, —
which, if they had been simple words,
would have cost him much additional a pamphlet. Book yaka mamook kum-
bour." —Hale. la-
tuks nesika kopa —a geography.
Book yaka mamook kumtuks nesika
illahee,
Al'-ki, adv. (C). (Chinook, alekh). In
the future; by and by; after a while; —
kopa kwunnum, an arithmetic.
yaka mamook kumtuks nesika kopa la-
Book
soon; presently; directly; in a little
while; hold on; not so fast. "The sign —
lang, a grammar. Book yaka mamook
kumtuks nesika kopa nesika, a phy- —
of the future tense, shall or will. The
days of the week, and the number of siology. Book yaka mamook kumtuks
weeks, months and years are also used nesika kopa stone, a geology. —
Bos'-ton, n., adj. An American; Amer-
to designate the tenses." Ex.:
—
Nika kumtuks, I understand.
Eells.
Nika ican. A name derived from the nailing-
—
kumtuks alta, I understand now. Nika
—
kumtuks ahnkuttie, I understood; I
place of the
Pacific.
first
Example: .Boston
trading ships to the
illahie,—the
understood some time ago. United States. Mika kumtuks Boston
—
Nika kumtuks alki, I will under- wawa?— do you understand English?
stand; I will understand by and by; I —
Boston plie, protestantism.
siwash-sitkum-Boston, a half-breed. — Sitkum-
will understand after a while. This
indicates the manner of indicating By-by, adv. (E). By-and-by; after a
tense, that is. indicating time.
chanan." September 25, 1851.
" —
Bu-
"While
while; sometime hence. It means a
longer time in the future than alki, but
looking around Low and Terry con- like that is used for shall or will as a
cluded to locate a townsite, and with sign of future time. With the accent
that view made a joint location on Alki on the first syllable, prolonged, it means
Point. The Terrys being New Yorkers, a very long time hence.
first named the place New York, but
afterwards changed it to Alki which all
old settlers know signifies "by and by,"
—
"before long". A. A. Denny. Tenas
alki,— in a little while. Alki nika klata-
— —
wa, I will go presently. Iskum dolla,
alki pay, to borrow. Ca-nim, n. (C). (Chinook,-Ekanim).
Alki nesika klatawa kopa nika boat, — A Canim stick, the cedar
canoe. .Ex.: —
soon we will go in my boat. or wood from which canoes are usually
"In general the tense of the verb is made. Klatawa kopa canim, to em- —
left to be inferred from the context. bark.
 — — I I;

AND HOW TO USE IT.

Ca-po',
coat.
n. (E). (French,-Capot). A tsikamen;Nootka,
seekemaile,
— sickaminny
— (Cook). (Jewitt)
Iron; metal; met-
Cha'-ko, cfcah'-ko, or chahco, v. (N). allic; steel; money; cash; mineral. Ex-
Nootlra, clayoquot, chako; Tokwaht,
tchokwa). To come; to approach; to be
— ample:
silver.
T'kope chikamin, (white metal),
Pil chikamin, or chikamin pil
or become. "In this latter sense it
forms the passive voice in connection
with many other words. Often it is
lope, — ——
(yellow metal), gold or copper. Chika-
min wire; a chain.
tikegfh chikamin, very
Nika hyas
much wish
joined with adjectives and nouns, and money.
I
Illahee kah chikamin mitlite, —
forms other verbs. Yaka chako paht- mines.
lum, he drunk; nika chako keekwulee, Chik'-chik, (Tsik'-tsik, or Tchik'-
— is
I am degraded; yaka chako stone, it — tchik), n. (J). By onoma. A waqron;
is petrified. Perhaps more properly the a cart; a wheel; any wheeled vehicle.
word in this connection to become, than
to be, at least it is often so, as in the
Example: Tsiktsik wayhut, a wagon-
road. Nika chako kopa chikchik,
— —
——
latter example the meaning would also came in a wagon. Fiah chikchik, rail-
be, —to become stone; chako rotten, is — road cars. Lolo kopa chikchik, to haul
to become rotten. in a wagon.
passive voice
Occasionally too the
is shown by placing the —
Chinook * (Chinook Indians). These
word iskum before the main word, as, Indians formerly lived near the mouth
yaka iskum kow, he is arrested." — of the Columbia river, where the Chi-
Eells. Ex.: Nika chako kopa Poteland, nook Jargon language was mainly de-
— I came from Portland.
— Kloshe mika
hyak chako, good you come quick.
veloped in its formative period, and
hence more words were adopted into it
ally, is coming).
—
Chuck chako, the tide is rising (liter-
Chuck chako pe klata-
from that language than any other In-
dian language, and so its name was
—
wa, the tides. Halo chako, to linger.
Wake kunjih yaka chako halo, Indel-
— — given to the language. Properly speak-
ing the Chinook language means the old
—
lible, (literally, —
never will it become
Chako Boston, to become an — Chinook, and the Chinook Jargon the
gone). language described in this dictionary;
American; often said of Indians who are but the old Chinook is about obsolete,
becoming civilized like white people. and for the save of brevity, Chinook
good.
—
Chako delate, to become right, true, or
Cha^o delate till, to become ex- — wawa means in common
the Chinook Jargon, while the proper
conversation
hausted. Chako hyas turn turn, to be-
come proud. Chako huloima, to vary;
to become different. Chako kah nika
—— language of the Chinook tribe is called
the Old Chinook. The Chinook land and
Chinook Indians have, however, refer-
—
nanitch, to appear. Chako kloshe turn- ence to the tribe as it formerly existed.
—
turn, to love; to reform; to become-
friendly; to get a good heart. Chako
—Fells.
Chinook wind. The Chinook is always
—
kloshe, to get well: to become good.
Chako kunamokst, to congregate; as- — a strong, steady southerly wind, never
from any other point of the compass,
semble; convene; unless it be slightly southwesterly.
Chako mimolouse, to die; to become —meet: unite; join.
is distinctly n^culiar to the Northwest
It

rotten: to become decayed (as potatoes Pacific coast and its s.ource is far out in
or vegetables).
come drunk.
Chako pahtlum, to be-
Chako skookum, to be-
come stronsr, esoecially after a sickness,
—— the nasty storm center of the Pacific
ocean, emanating from the famed Japan
current, which is the source of the re-
to show complete recovery. Chako sol- markable humidity of the North Pacific
—
leks. to become angry; to quarrel.
—
Chako pelton. to become foolish; to be
coast.
—
Chinook canim, the large canoe used
cheated. Chako waum tumtum, to be — —
on Puget Sound. Chinook illahee, the
Chinook
earnest: to become excited. Chako land of the Chinook Indians.
glad.
—
youtl tumtum, to become glad; to be
Chako polaklie. to become dark;— —
tillikums, the Chinook Indians. Chi-
nook wawa, — the Chirook languaere. Ex-
night is coming Chako oleman, to be-
-

come old. Chako halo, to be destroyed;— — ample: Mika kumtux Chinook wawa? Do
you understand the Chinook language?
to disappear; to vanish; to be all srone. Chitsh. n. (S). ( Chehalis.-tshitsh). A
Chako elip hiyu,
—— to exceed. Chako grandmother. (Gibbs, Gill, Hibben, St.
kunamokst nika- come with me. Onge and Swan, give chope for grand-
Chee, adv., adj. (C).
(Chinook,-t'shi). father; but Hale and Tate erive the
latelv; just now; new; fresh; original; meaning as grandfather and chope as
recent. Example: Chee nika ko, — grandmother. Eells says "I never heard
have just arrived.
new, very new. Chee chako, a new
Hyas chee, ——entirely either word used on Puget Sound." Eells
gives the following: Ex.: Grandmother,
comer; just arrived. Delate chee, en- — — mama yaka mama; grandmama; nits.
tirely new. Klootchman yaka chee ma- Fana yaka nap a, grandfather. — Tenas
—
lieh, a bride.
Tenas yaka tenas man, grandson. Te-
——
yaka tenas klootchman, granddaughter.
Chik'-a-min, n., adj. (N). (Tokwaht,-
 — — a

THE CHINOOK JARGON

—
nas yaka tenas, grandchild.
Chope, n. (S). (Chihalis,-tshup). A
often been adopted into English in the
region where the Chinook is used. Of
grandfather. (Hale says, a grand-
mother). See chitsh.
these may be mentioned cultus, good —
for nothing, with also twenty-three other
Chuck, n. (N). (Nootka.-Chauk (Cook); meanings. Kloshe, with its forty-two
—
Chahak, fresh water (Jewitt); Chinook,- meanings; Kloshe nanitch, with its
Tltsuk (Shortess); Clatsop.-TTchukw). eighteen meanings; Tamahnous, sorcery,
Water; a river or stream. Example: yet referring as a noun, adjective and
Salt chuck, the sea; skookum chuck, — verb, to anything supernatural, or in
(powerful water), a —
rapid; solleks the spirit world between Satan on the
—
chuck, a rough sea; chuck chahko or
kalipi,— the tide rises or falls; saghali
one hand and God on the other: TUmtum,
mind, with its fifteen meanings; and
and keekwillie chuck, high and low
tide.
——
Kah mitlite chuck? where is the
wawa,
ings."
talk, with its sixty-five mean-
Example: Cultus man, —
water? Muchamuck chuck, to drink
water. Olo kopa chuck, thirsty. — — worthless fellow. Cultus potlatch,
present or free gift; a benefaction.
—
Cly, or kely, v. (E). To cry, lament; —
Cultes heehee, a jest; merely laughing.
mourning", weeping*. Ex.: Cly tumtum,
— to cry in the heart; to feel sorry; to
repent; to mourn; to be full of grief or
— — —
Cultus nannitsh, to look around. Cultus
mitlite, to sit idle; to do nothing. Cul-
tus klatawa, to stroll. Cultus eena, —
emotion; "more deep in feeling than sick muskrat. Ques. "What do you want?
tumtum." — Eells. Ans. Cultus, i. e., nothing. Cultus kopa
Cole, adj.
— Cold; a year.
(E).
Hyas cole, very cold; freezing. Cole
Ex.: —
mika, none of your business; nothing
—
Cultus kopa nika, I do not
to you.
illahee, —
winter. Cole snass,
chuck, —
—
hail; snow. care; nothing to me. Cultus potlatch
Cole cold water.
ice; Cole sick,
— ague; a cold. Cole sick-waum sick, — counsel.
—
tumtum, to give advice; to advise; to
—
Cultus wawa, a joke; a jest;
fever and ague. Ikt cole, — a year. Taht- nonsense; rumor; tattle; report. Delate
lum cole, — ten years. Ikt tukamonuk — no manner of use. "Cultus, —
Kah cole chako, —
cultus,
cole, — a century. idle, aimless, worthless; also bad, in the
north. Kah delate cole mitlite, — Arctic. sense of having no value, that is being
Coo'-ley, v. (Trench, Courez, imp.
(P). useless."— Buchanan.
of Courir). To run; go about; play;
walk; travel. Example: Cooley kiua-
——
tan, a race-horse; yahka hyas kumtuks
cooley, he can, i. e., knows how to run
well. —
Cultus cooley, to saunter; ram-
D
ble; stroll. Hyak cooley,
——
to run; canter;
go fast. Kopet cooley, to halt; to stop.
Mamook cooley kopa huloima lalang, — De-late', or De-lett, adj., adv. (P).
(Prench,-droite). Straight; direct; with-
i.

to
— to make
e.
interpret.
go in another language; out equivocation; true; truly, exactly;
correct; exact; g-enuine; just; plain; pre-
Co'-sho, n. (P). (Prench,-cochon). A cise; really; thorough; sincerely; surely;
hog; pork; pig; swine; ham; bacon. Ex- sincere; sure; accurate; verily; un-

Indian pig.
— —
ample: Siwash cosho, a seal; literally,
— Dly cosho, bacon; ham.
doubted; authentic; certain; definite;
definitely; erect; very; correctly. Ex-
Kloochman cosho. a sow. Tenas cosho, ample: —
Klatawa delate, go straight
— —
a pig. Cosho gdease, lard. Cosho itl- —
Delate wawa, tell the truth; a fact:
willie, — pork. promise; true talk. Delate kwinnum
Court, n.(E). A court. Ex.: Haul —
cole ahnkuttie, just five years ago. De-
— Wake delate,
kopa court, — to try court. Hyas court,
in late nika sick tumtum, I am very sorry.
— supreme court. Mamook court, — to Okoke delate, — right. is
hold court. Tzum man kopa court, — — it
not exactly right; imperfect. Wawa
the clerk of the court. Tyee kopa court, delate, — to speak the truth; to speak
— a judge. lido kopa hyas court, — to correctly. Delate hyas, — stupendous;
appeal. Wawa kopa court, — to testify; immense; enormous. Delate hyas kloshe,
testimony. — magnificent; majestic; very,, very
good. Delate kloshe, —perfect; pure, ex-
Delate kumtuks, —
Cul'-tus, or Kul'tus, adj. (C.) (Chi-
nook,-Kaltas). Worthless; g-ood for quisite; very good.
nothing; without purpose; abject, bar- sure; to prove; to know certainly. De-
ren; bad; common; careless; defective; late pahtl, — brimfull; chockfull. Delate
dissolute; filthy; foul; futile; rude; im- sick turn turn, — grief; very sad. Delate
material; impertinent; impolite; no mat- tenas sun, — dawn; daybreak. Delate
ter; shabby; slippery; unmeaning; unto- yaka illahee, — a native; native land. De-
ward; useless; paltry; worn out. "A few late yaka kumtuks, — an expert. Delate
words," says Eells, "are very expressive, nika wawa, — am speaking the truth.
I
meaning so much, and expressing that Diaub, Deaub, Dahblo, or Yaub, — (the
meaning in so much better a way than devil) see Lejaub.
our English words do that they have D'ly, or De-ly, ad. (E). Dry; arid;
 —— — - -

AND HOW TO USE IT.

dryness. Example:
Mamook
—Dlyto —
Chahko
more; majority; excess.
dely, Elip hiyu
kopa konoway, — most; maximum. Elip
become dry. dely, to dry.
tupso, hay. keekwilee, — lower. Elip keekwilee kopa
Doc'-tin, (E).
n. A doctor; a physi- konoway, — lowest. Elip kloshe, — better;
cian; surgeon. Eells says, almost superior; more excellent.
"It Elip kloshe
universally refers a white man, un-
to kopa konoway, — best; supreme. Elip
less some word connected with
is to kloshe kopa okoke, — better than that.
it
qualify Example: Nika, tikegh doc-
it." Elip sitkum sun, — forenoon. Elip tenas,
tin,
— — want the doctor. Siwash doctin, tenas
I
an Indian doctor or conjurer. Doctin
— kopa born; minor; younger. Elip
first
konoway, — least; youngest.
less;

kopa letah or — a dentist.

teeth., Doctin Elip saghalie, — higher; upper. Elip sag-
kopa seahost, — an oculist. halie kopa konoway, — highest. Elip mes-
Dol'-la, or Tahla, (E). A dollar; achie, — worse. Elip mesachie kopa kono-
n.
money; cash; funds. Example: Chika- way, — worst. Elip siah, — farther. Elip
min dolla, — silver;
kum —half a
dolla,
—gold;
pil dolla,
Dolla seahost,
dollar.
siah kopa konoway, — farthest.
sit-
tikegh, — to prefer; rather; choose.
Elip
Elip
(silver eyes), — spectacles. Klone dolla, wawa, —a preface; a prophecy. Mika
— three dollars. Halo nika dolla, — have nika kimta, — you go
.

klatawa I elip, first, I

no money. Ipsoot potlatch dolla kopa (will go) afterwards."— Eells. Ex.: "Elip
tyee, — to bribe.
apie —
dolla,
Hiyu
to refund.
—
Kunjih — sitkum
Kil- dolla, rich. —before half an hour. Elip
sitkum sun, — before noon; forenoon.
dolla,
tintin,

what price. Kimtah,-— after; behind. Kimtah klosh,

Dutchman, (English,-idem).
n.
German; a Dutchman; almost any Euro-
(A — worse. Kimtah skookum, — less strong;
not so strong. Delayt kimtah klosh, —
pean except a Frenchman or Englishman. worst. Delayt kimtah skookum, — least
—Eells.) strong. Elip tahkum
Kimtah tahkum
—before
o'clock.
six
— after tintin,
tintin,
six
six hours.
Tahkum
Wake siah tahkum
—
o'clock.
—
six o'clock, tintin,
tintin,
almost six o'clock; not far away from
six o'clock."
En'-a-ti,
—
Buchanan.
eneti, eenati, or inati, adv.,
E'-lip, or El'-ip, adv. (S). (Chehalis,- prep. (C).(Chinook,-inatai). Across;
ilip). First; before; the superlative; he- beyond; opposite to; on the other side
ginning; prior; ahead; senior; elder; for- of. Ex.: Nika tikegh klatawa enati
mer; original. "The comparative is usu-
Yaka
— mitlite
kopa chuck, I wish to go across the
—
ally formed by prefixing the word elip water. enati kopa city,
to the adjective, as kloshe, good; elip he lives opposite to the city.
kloshe, better; skookum, strong; elip
skookum, stronger; hiyu, many; elip hi-
yu, more; tenas, small; elip tenas, small-
er. The superlative is properly formed
by adding the words kopa konoway,
'than all' to the comparative, as elip
G
kloshe kopa konoway, better than all, Get-up, or Ket-op, v. (E). To g-et up;
i. e., the best." Eells. — "There is no
Chinook as comparison by
rise; risen.
such thing in Glease, n. (E). Grease; fat or oil. Ex-
inflection of a word as is the case in
English (weak, weaker, weakest ,for ex-
ample: Hiyu
toosh glease,
glease,
—
butter: glease
—
very fat; too-
piah, —
ample). This is done by means of the candle. See, also, Lakles.
words elip or kimtah to indicate the com-
parative degree (the word itself always
indicating, as in English, the positive
degree). Delayt added to the compara-
tive form converts it into the superlative
from. Klosh, elip klosh, delayt elip
H
klosh. Klosh, kimtah klosh. Delayt kim- Ha'h-lakl, v., adj. (C). (Chinook,-hal-
—
tah klosh." Buchanan.
expressed by a periphrasis.
"Comparison is
'I am
akl). Wide; open. Example: Mamook
—
hahlakl la pote, open the door; chahko
stronger than thou,' would be wake mika hahlakl (as of the woods), to open out;
skookum kahkwa nika; lit., 'thou not become less dense. Mamook hahlakl, —
strong as I.' The superlative is indi- to open.
cated by adverbs; as hyas oleman okook Hak'-at-shum, n. (E). A handker-
canim, that canoe is the oldest, lit., 'very chief.
old that canoe." Hale. —(A few other
ways of spelling the word elip; alip;
Ha'-lo, adj.(Quaere u. d. not Chinook).
Not; none; absent; no; all gone; devoid;
ilip; ellip; ilep; ilips.) Ex.: Elip hyas, — vacant; without. Example: Ques. Halo
larger; greater; major. Elip hyas kopa —
salmon mika? have you no fish? Ans.
konoway, largest; greatest. Elip hiyu, —
Halo, none. Ques. Kah mika papa?—
 — — — —a

THE CHINOOK JARGON

where
is out.
your father? Ans. Halo, he
is
—
Halo wind, breathless; dead.
lieve. Ex.:
sist; relieve;
Mamook
enable.
help, — to
Fotlatch help,
aid; as-
—
Halo lean.
g-lease,
destitute; no goods.
—
Halo iktahs, poor;
Halo mitlite,
— — console;
Hias,
help;
—See
great.
accommodate;
See Hyas.
uphold.
Hiyu, —
nothing remains; empty. Halo seahost, much. Hyiu.
— (no eyes), blind. Halo dolla, without
money. Yaka wind chako halo, to die;
——
Hool-hool,
— Hooehooe, seeHuyhuy.
(C). (Chinook,-Kholkhol; n.

gone).
—
he is dead, (literally, his wind is all
Eells says: "Generally a more
Klikatat.-Khoilkhoil). A mouse.
hoolhool (big mouse), a
(Hyas
(The word rat.)
sure way of speaking of death than to obsolete now.) is
say 'Yaka mimoluse,"— he dead; be- House,
is (E). A house; home; resi-n.
cause the latter sometimes means sus- dence; building; cottage; den. Example:
pended animation; but the former never." Mahkook house,-^— a store; Boston house,
Halo chako, — to linger; not to come. — an American-built house, as distin-
Halo delate kumtuks, — to be in doubt; to guished from a lodge. Mahkook house
be obscure. Halo huloima, — ultimate; (trading house), shop. Muckamuck
nothing different. Halo hyas mahkook, — house, —a restaurant; tavern;
Halo iktas, —
hotel.
cheap; not very dear. Skookum house, — a prison; peni- jail;
nothing. Halo kah, — nowhere. Halo tentiary. Siwash house, — a lodge; an
kumtuks, — to misunderstand; not to Indian house. Sail house kopa snass,
know. Halo nika kwass kopa yaka, an umbrella. Fapeh house, — a post
(lit-
erally,— am not afraid of him, — he Tyee kopa papeh house, — a post-
Halo nika tikegh, —
I is office.
reliable). don't master.I
want. Hul-lel, v. (C). (Chinook,-idem). To
Note: (Halo) A negative. It means tremble; to shake. Used with the verb
much the same as wake. Probably prop-
erly wake means no, and halo all gone,
mamook,
comes active.
—Mamook
as, hullel, it be-

but on Puget Sound halo is used for Hul-o'-i-ma, n., adj. (C). (Chinook,-
no, the same as wake is in Oregon and S'hulloyiba). Other; another; different;
other localities. Custom uses halo In difference; averse; diverse; eccentric;
some combinations and wake in others, foreign; odd; separate; strange; queer;
and both in some. On Puget Sound, unusual. Example: Huloima tilikum, —
wake kloshe is proper. The indefinite a different tribe or people. Hyas huloi-
pronouns are kunamoxt, both; halo,
— none; konoway, all; hiyu, much or
—— —
ma, very different; mystery. Yaka la-
lang huloima kopa nesika lalang, his —
—
many; tenas, few or little; huloima, — language is different from our language.
other.
Haul, v. (E). (English,-idem). To
Klatawa kopa huloima illahee, to emi-
grate. Kopa huloima, alibi. Huloima — —
haul or pull; draw; bring
drag-;
dig*; pick;
subtract; tow; attract; extract.
1

; —
tumtum, dissent; a different mind.
—
Huloima wawa, a different language; or
Used with the active verb mamook; as. forign language; to mispronounce.
mamook haul. Example: Mamook haul Humm, n., v., adj. (J). An invented
—
wapato, to dig potatoes. Mamook haul
—
tcnas man kopa school, to bring the boy
word. Bad odor; astink or smrll; to
stink; a bad smell; scent; stench; filthy;
to school. Skookum mamook —
haul, putrid; an odor. Ex.: opoots, Humm —
must. Mamook haul yaka tumtum, to
Induce him.
— — (stinking tail)— a skunk.
it smells, bad.
Ya&a humm,
Kloshe humm, —
Hee'-hee, or he-he, n., adj., v. (J).
(By onoma., hihi). Laughter; amuse-
pleasant smell.
very bad smell.
Hyas humm, dirty; a
Mamook humm,— to
—
ment; to laugh; fun; a game; gay; gig- scent; to smell.
gle; glee; mirth; humor; humorous; Huy-huy, n., v. (J). (Canadian
levity; merry; to deride; ridicule; romp; Prench,-Hui-hui). A bargain or ex-
sport. Commonly when used as a verb change; to barter or trade. Example:
it is preceded by mamook (which see
below) but not always. Ex.: Mamook Huyhuy tumtum,
—— to
Huyhuy la sell, change the saddle.
change one's
heehee, —
to laugh; play; amuse; deride;
mock; make fun; ridicule. Kahta mika
mind. (Mr. Anderson says this is a
cant word of the Canadians, signifying
heehee? — why do you laugh? Cultus a hasty exchange.) Its origin has been
heehee, — a joke; jest; laughter without suerrested in oui oui, yes ves. Example:
much cause for an innocent game.
it; Nika tikegh huyhuy kiuitan, I wish to —
Kloshe heehee, — a good game. Heehee trade horses. Mamook huyhuy, — to
house, — a house for amusement; a play change; to trade. (Imp., change.) (Huy-
house; a dance house. Heehee lemah, — huy is also spelled, hoehoe, hoeyhoey,
to gamble. Heehee tumtum, — jolly. hooehoo, hooehooe, huihui, oihoi, huehu.)
Wake heehee, — serious. Hy-ak', adv., also used as imperative.
Help, (English,-idem).
v., n. As a (C). (Chinook,-Ai-ak). Swift; fast;
verb it is commonly preceded by ma- quickly; hurry; make haste; hasten;
mook, but not always. Help; aid; as- prompt; sudden; suddenly; speed; quick;
sistance; relief; to help; aid; assist; re- quickly. Ex.: Hyak yaka chako, —he
 — —

AND HOW TO USE IT.

quick. Halo or Wake hyak,

erate; slowly.
——
came quickly. Hyak chako, imp. come
slow; mod-
(Other ways of spelling
Tkta). (Hale says, "same as kahta,
what; why.) What. "The interrogative
pronouns are klaska, who? Kahta or —
—
Hyak, aiak; hiack; liyack; hyuc; iake; — —
Iktah, what? and Kunsih, how many
or how much?
iyak.) The latter is also used
Hy-as', adj., adv. (N). (Probably cor-
rupted from the following,— Hyiu.)
for —
when? how much time, how
e.,
many days?" — Hale. Example: Iktah
i.

Large; great; very; the general term for okook?— What that? Iktah mika
is ti-
size; wide; big; arduous; vast; cele- kegh? —What do you want? intah?—
brated. Example: Hyas tyee, a great — Well, what now? Iktah mamook?—
chief. —
Hyas mahcook, a great price; What's the matter? Iktah mika ma-
dear.
——
Hyas kloshe, very good. Okoke
house yaka hyas, that house is large.
— —
Nika hyas tikegh klatawa, I very much
mook?— What are you doing?
Ik'-tas, or Iktahs, (from preceding).
n.
Things; garments; dress; a thing; goods;
wish to go. Hyas ahnkuttie, ancient; merchandise; clothing; utensils; bag-
anciently; a very long time ago; longer, gage; attire; fabric; occasionally the
if a long, strong accent is placed on the singular Iktah is used, though not often.
last syllable of hyas, and first of ahn- The use of the same word for what and
kuttie. —
Hyas kloshe time, a very good for things, has been noticed in some
time; a festival.
large? what size?
small; very short.
Kunsih hyas, how
Hyas tenas, very
Hyas Sunday,
—— — other languages of this coast. "A very
expressive word and often adopted into
English where the Chinook is used."
Christmas; Fourth of July; Thanksgiv- Eells. Ex.: Kah mika iktas, where are —
ing. (Other spellings: Alas; aiaz; haias;
hias; hiass.)
your things? Halo ikta mitlite, there
is nothing here. "Do not confuse iktah,
—
Hy-iu', or Hi-yu, adj. (WT). (Nootka,- meaning 'what,' with iktahs, meaning
lyahish) —
by Jewett. (Tokwaht,-aiya). 'goods, chattels, possessions, merchan-

—Il'-la-hee,—
Jewett also gives hyo as the Nootka dise,' etc." Buchanan. Nika hiyu iktas,
word for ten. Much; many; plenty; I have plenty of goods.
enough; abundance; plentiful; ample; a Illihie, or Illahe, n. (C).
pile; the sign of the plural; term of (Chinook.-ilahekh). Land; country;
quantity or multitude. Example: Hyiu earth; soil; dirt; region; district; farm;
— —
tilikum, a crowd; many people. Hyiu field; clay; shore; ranch. Example:
muckamuck, plenty to eat. Tenas hyiu,
— — Okoke illahee yaka hyas kloshe, this —
several; some. Wake hyiu, not
many or not much; a few; seldom.
land is very good. Boston illahee,
United States. Delate yaka illahee, na-
the ——
—
Kopet hyiu, enough. Hiyu times, fre-
— — tive land. King George illahee, —Kono-
Eng-
quently. Hiyu wawa, clamor; accla-
mation; excitement; to argue; talkative.
land. Fasaiooks illahee, France.
way akoke illahee,— the world. Kono-
—
Hiyu tillikums kopa house, an audi- — way illahee konowah kah, — the universe.
ence. (Other spellings: Hieu, haiu,
hyoo, hyu, hyue, hyyu, hui (Winthrop,
Dutchman yaka illahee, Germany; near-
ly any part of Europe except France
—
—probably misprint for hiu), aio, aiu, and England. Saghalie Tyee yaka illa-
etc.)
hee,
dian
— reservation.
Heaven. Siwash illahee, — an In-
Illahee wake siah

— —
kopa chuck, the coast. Kah mika illa-
hee? where is your land? Where do
you live? Saghalie illahee, Heaven. —
Keekwulee illahee, Hell. —
In'-a-poo, or Ee'-na-poo, n. (C). (Chi-
Ik-poo'-ie, v. (C). (Chinook.-Ikhpui).
To shut; nook,-inapu). A louse. (Sopen inapoo,
close; stop; cork; closed shut.
— jump-louse; a
—deaf; — closed
Ex.: Ikpooie la pote, shut the door. flea.)
Mamook ikpooie, to surround; to shut; Inati, see Enati.
Ikpooie kwolan, — a
Ikt, or Icht, adj. (C). (Chinook,-Ikht).
Ip'-soot, or Ip-sut,
ear.
Alhupso). To hide one's
(C.) (Chinook,-
or any-
v.
self,
One; once; a unit. Used also as the thing; to keep secret; to conceal; hide;
a or an. Ex.: Ikt man, —
in-
definite hid; sly; concealed. Example: Ipsoot
klatawa, — to, steal
article,
a man. Ikt-ikt man, — some one or other; slip away. Ip- off;
here and there one. Ikt — a year.
cole,
Ikt nika klatawa kopa yahka house, — soot wawa,— to whisper.
(C).
Is'-ick,Chinook,-Isik.)
n. A
have been once to his house. Ikt paddle; an oar (occasionally). Exam-
I
kwahta, — a quarter. Ikt tahlkie, — day ple: Mamook —to paddle. Isick
isick,
stick, — the ash, or alder, maple, or the
before yesterday. Ikt tukamonuk, — one
hundred. Ikt time ikt moon, — monthly. elm; wood from which paddles are made.
Ikt time kopa klone moon, — quarterly. Is'-kum, (C). Chinook,-idem.)
v. To
Kopet —
ikt,private; alone; singly;
tary; only one.
take hold of; hold; get; receive; accept;
soli-
secure; catch; recover; obtain; seize.
Ik'-tah, or Ikta, pron. (C). ( Chinook, - Example: Iskum okook lope, — hold on
 — — a
- — —

THE CHINOOK JARGON

to that rope. Mika na iskum? did you Kahp'-ho n. (C). (Cinook,-idem.) An
get it? —
Iskum piah stick, get some elder brother, sister, or cousin.

——
Iskum klootchman, to get
firewood. Kah'-ta, adv. (C). Chinook,-Kata).
married. Iskum kumtuks, to learn. How; why. Example: Kahta mika
Iskum kopa tumtum, — to believe. Pot- mamook okook? — why do you do that?
latch nika, — give me. Iskum, — take it. Kahta mika chahko? — how did you come?
Kah mika iskum? — where did you get
Nika iskum kopa stick, — got in the I it
it? Kahta mika? what
you? how
—
are you?
is the matter with
Pe kahta? and —
woods. why so? what for? Kahta kopa yaka?
It'-lo-kum, (Chinook,-idem).
n. (C). how is he?
(lower Chehaliss,-Ihtlkum; Chehalis,- Ka-li'-tan, n. (C). Chinook,-Tklaitan).
Setlokum). The game of "hand,"
common amusement; a mode of gam-
— an arrow;
Kalitan le
shot; a bullet.
sac, —
Example:
a quiver; a shot-pouch.
bling. Mamook itlokum, to gamble. —
Itl'-wil-lie, Ilwillie, or Itlwille, n. (C).
"An arrow, originally, but when guns
were introduced the meaning changed to
(Chinook, -Etlwili). Meat; flesh; muscle shot, and bullet, and sometimes lead."
(of a person or animal). Example: Eells.
Konaway nika itlwillie sick, all my — — Ka-lak'-a-la, Kul-lak'-a-la, Kul'-la-kul'-
flesh is sore. Lemooto yaka itlwillie, la, n. (C). (Chinook.-kalakala). A bird;
mutton. Moosmoos yaka
Mowitch yaka itlwillie, —venison.
itlwillie, —Tenas
beef. fowl; insect; wing". (The accent some-
times being on the second, and some-
moosmoos yaka itlwillie, veal. —
(Bee- times on the first and third syllables.
—
ahts
chanan.
(Indian); Bih-atts, flesh) Bu-—
.

— Eells. Note. "The different ways in

which some words are spelled is a
Its'-woot, Itch-wood, or Itshoot, n. curiosity, and simply show what educat-
(C). (Chinook.-eitshhut). A bear; a ed men will do in this line when they
black bear. Example: Itswoot paseesie, have no standard authority. Very sel-
— thick, dark cloth or blankets. dom is any word, even the simplest and
easy one, spelled in the same way, if it
is found in several dictionaries, while
some of them are spelled in very many
K different ways."
spelling kalakala:
Eells. —
Other ways of
Culacula; kallakala;
kalahkalah; kilakila; kulakula; kulluka-
Kah, adv. (C). (Chinook,-kakh). la; cullaculla; cullerculler cullacullah;
;

Where; whence; whither. Example: Kah kullakullie; kullukullie; kulakulla, etc.

—
mika klatawa? where are you going?
— Kah
Halo kah, nowhere. Konoway kah, — An examination of many dictionaries
will show among other words, klonas,
everywhere. cole chako, — North. spelled in ten different ways; ahnkuttie
Kah sun chako, — East. Kah sun klata- and keewulee, each in twelve; klootch-
wa, — West. Kah sun mitlite kopa man and kliminawhit, each in fifteen;
kum sun, — South. Kah yaka sick? —
sit-
klatawa, seahost, and mimoluse, each in
where is he sick? what is the matter? sixteen; tahtlum, kalakala, and kilapi,
Kah mika mitlite? — where do you live? each in eighteen; and kunjih in nineteen
Kah mika illahee?— where do you live? different ways; lejaub is in twelve ways,
where is your land? Kah mika chako, — and ooakut in fourteen, but they show
whence come you? a wide variety of sound, lejaub being
Kah'-kwa, adj. (N). (Nootka, Tok also dahblo, diaub, derb, leiom, and
waht,-achko.) Like; similar to; equal yaub; and ooakut being hooihut, wayhut,
with; as; so; thus; alike; because; hence; wehkut, and oyhut. Even words which
inasmuch; such. Example: Kahkwa are derived from the English generally

(is) my heart).
—
nika tumtum, so I think (literally, such
Kahkwa tyee, — aristo-
have different spellings as soon as the
standard English authority is left, so
cratic. Kahkwa hyas nika, — as large as that glease from grease becomes gleese,
I.
Kahkwa
Halo kahkwa,
spose, as if.
—
not like that; unlike.
Kloshe kahkwa,
gleece, glis, and klis; bed is also spelled
pet; moon is also man; nose is also nos;
— that right; (amen, good so); that
is
— stone is also ston; stocking is also stock-
is good; that will do. Delate kahkwa, en, staken, and stoken; sun is also son;
exactly the same. Kopet kahkwa, that
is all. Yaka kahkwa, alike. —
Eells says:
— Sunday is also sante; tea is also ti;
pehpah (paper) is also papeh, paper,
"(Kahkwa is often used with other paypa, papah, and pepa, and peppah;
words, especially nouns, thus changing and warm spelled waum, warn,
also is
them into adverbs, and occasionally ad- wahm, and wawm. Shot, skin, man, and
jectives, as in the following phrases: a few others have for almost a wonder
cole illahee, wintry.
—
Kahkwa chikamin, metallic. Kahkwa
— Kahkwa
Kahkwa chuck, — found no other way of being spelled.
There are three reasons for this differ-
fluid; liquid. tillikum, — friend- ence which may be made when the same
ly.)" sound of the letters is preserved, thus
 a

AND HOW TO USE IT.

warn may be waum or wawm and still the name of a place in Clarke County,
preserve the same sound of a. Again. Wash.) (A few other ways of spelling
when any writer adopts a regular sched- kamass: .Camas, kamas, lakamas, lak-
ule of sounds for each vowel, he will ammas, camash, kamaas, lackamas.
surely differ in spelling from those who "Cammassa esculenta, or la cammass,
attempt to follow as near as possible (as the French call it)." Swan. —
the English mode of spelling. Boas, Ka'm-ooks, n. (C). (Chinook,-Klka-
St. Onge, and to a considerable degree bokes). A dog-. Kahkwa kamooks, like —
Durien have done this, hence tea be- a dog; beastly.
comes ti;poolie, pull, and so on. Still Kap-swal-la, or Kap-su-al-la, v. n.
farther different modes of pronunciation (Quaere u. &.) To steal; rob; a theft:

——
in different localities, and sometimes in Example: Kapswalla klatawa, to steal
the same locality, are the cause of dif- away. Kapswalla mamook, to do se-
ferent ways of spelling. This is espe- cretly. Wake kloshe mika kapswalla, —
cially seen in the words already referred (not good you steal) Thou shalt not
to, ooakut, and lejaub; so kloshe becomes steal. Halo kumtuks kapswalla, or wake
tlush or tloos, and also a large number —
kapswalla, to be honest. "Kapshwala,
before wawa means to speak ill; with
beginning with kl begin with tl in an-
other place; tahlkie becomes talinlkie, tlatoa (klatawa) it means to run away;
and so on. Sometimes indeed it is very with musom, to commit adultery." St.
Onge.
—
difficult to discover the true sound, as
for instance, whether the first syllable Ka't-suk, or Ko't-suk, n. (C). (Chi-
of kalakala should be spelled with an nook,-idem). The middle or centre of
a or u, or the last one of tukamonuk anything-.
with an a or u, and so on. The mode of Kau'-py, n. (E). Coffee.
pronunciation, and hence the mode of Kee'-kwu-lee, or Kee'-kwil-lie, prep.
has undoubtedly changed some-
spelling, (C). (Chinook.-Kik'hwili). Low; below;
what since Parker in 1835-6 wrote the tinder; beneath; down; inward. Example:
firstvocabulary. Hence in comparing
— —
Mamook keekwillie, to lower. Mitlite
keekwillie, to set down; put under. (Not
theways of spelling the reader ought to
remember the place where, the date used in the sense of "down stream.")
when, and the system of pronunciation,
especially of vowel sounds adopted by —— — to
Elip keekwulee, lower. Elip keekwulee
kopa konoway, lowest. Klatawa keek-
wulee kopa chuck, Mahsh keek-
each writer."— Sells.
"As will be seen, the orthography of the wulee kopa illahee,
Kil'-a-pi, or
— to dive.
bury.
Kel'-a-pi, or Ka-la-pi,
Jargon is unsettled and capricious. Most v.
writers spell Indian and French words (C). (Chinook.-Kelapai). To turn; re-
'by the ear,' but use the ordinary English turn; overturn; upset; reverse; retreat;
spelling for the English words comprised capsize. Example: Kilapi canim, to —
in the language, without regard to uni- upset a canoe. Hyak kilapi, come back —
formity ... .Some writers, however, re- quickly. Kilapi kopa house, go back —
tain in the Jargon the 'digraph' gh, to to the house. Mika kilapi alta, have ——
express, in some words of Chinook ori- you returned now? Mamook kilapi, to
gin, the sound of the German guttural ch bring, send, or carry back. Kilapi dolla,
in Buch." —
Hale. "As the Jargon is to — to pay; repay.
change one's mind.
Kilapi tumtum, to
(A few ways of
—
be spoken by Englishmen and French-
men, and by Indians of at least a dozen spelling kilapi: Kelapie; keelapi; keela-
tribes, so as to be alike easy and intel- pie; keelapy; kilapie; kilapai; killapie;
ligible to all, it must admit no sound kilapy; kilipie; killipie; kyelapai; kilaps;
which cannot be readily pronounced by klips; etc.)
all. The numerous harsh Indian gut- Kim'-ta, or Kim-tah, prep. (C). (Chi-
turals either disappear entirely, or are nook,-Kimta). Behind; after; after-
softened to h and k, (see note above). wards; last; since; back; rear; subse-
On the other hand, the d, f, g, r, v, a, quent; younger. Example: Klatawa
of the English and French become in —
kimtah, go behind; to follow. Delate
the mouth of a Chinook, t, p, k, 1, w, and —
kimta, last. Nika elip, pe yakka kim-
8. The English j, (dzh), is changed to tah,— —
I first, and he afterwards.
kimtah, the one behind. Kimta ow,
Okook
—
ch, (tsh). The French nasal n, is drop-
ped, or is retained without its nasal younger brother. Kimtah nika nannitsh
sound. In writing the Indian words, mika, — since saw you. Kimtah sitkum
I
the gutturals are expressed by gh (or sun, — afternoon. Kimta kloshe, — worse.
kh) and q, and the vowels have their King Chautsh, or King George, King
Italian sound." —Hale.
Kara'-ass, or La'-kam-ass, n. (N). The
Gawge,
English.
adj. (E). (English,-King George).
King* chautshman, an Eng- —
Scilla Esculenta, —
a bulbous root used
for food by the Indians, sometimes called
lishman.
Kish-kish, v. (C). (Chinook,-idem). To
Si wash onion. (Jewitt gives 'Chamass" drive, as cattle or horses. Ex.: Mamook
as the Nootka for fruit, also for sweet, —
kishkish, to drive, or impel, but often
—
or pleasant to the taste.) (Lacamass is used as imperitive, as, Yaka kishkish
 — — —— — — —— — ;•

10 THE CHINOOK JARGON

nika, —
he drove me away. Mamook kish-
kish okoke moosmoos,— drive away that
and so on in many other ways.)
Klah-wa, adv. (Chinook,-kla-
(C).
ox. wakh). Slow; slowly; tardy. Ex.: Klat-
Kiu'-a-tan, or Kuitan, n.(C). (Chinook, wa klahwa,— go slowly. Yaka chako
-ikiuatan). A horse. Ex.: Klatawa —
klahwa, he comes slowly.
kopa kuitan, — to ride. Yaka hyas kloshe
kuitan? — Is that a very good horse?
Klak,
Off; out;
adv.
away;
(C). (Chinook.-klakw).
(to take) off.
Cooley kuitan, — a race horse. Stone kui- Klak'-sta, or Kluk'-sta, pron. (C).
tan, a stallion. (Chinook,-t'kluksta). Who; whose;
Klah, (Chinook,-Klakh). which; which one; any. Ex.: Klaksta
adj., v. (C).
Free or clear from; in sight; to escape. yahwa? who is there? Halo klaksta, —
—
Example: Chee yakka klah, now he is no one; none; not any; nobody. Klaksta
in sight. Klatawa klah, — to escape, as mamook okoke,— who made or did that?
a prisoner. Chahko klah (of seed), — to Ikt man, klonas klaksta, somebody. —
come up; (of the woods), — to open out;
(of the weather), — to clear up. Mamook
Konoway klaksta, everyone. —
Klale, or T'klale, adj. (C). (Chinook, -
klah, —to uncover. (Mr. Anderson gives Tlehl). Black, or dark blue, or green;
as the original meaning, — to open out or brown; ignorant. Example: Okoke pasee-
appear.) sie yaka klale,— that blanket is black.
Kla'-ha-nie, or Klah-hanie, or Klagh-
anie, adv. (C). (Chinook.-Klakhani). Out rant. Sitkum-klale,
—
Klale nika tumtum, my mind is igno-
brown. Wake siah
of doors; out; without; outside; exterior. klale, purple. Klale chuck kopa ma-
Example: Mamook klahanie okook, put mook tzum, ink.
that out. Chako klahanie, to emerge; — Klap, v. (C). (Chinook,-Klap). To
get out; to be delivered. Klatawa kla- find; Example: Mika na klap
arrive.
hanie, to
throw out; deliver;
go out. Mahsh
eject.
klahanie,
Klahanie kopa
to —
mika kiuatan? did you find your horse?
Nika klap Seattle kopa polaklie,— I ar-
house,- out doors. rived at Seattle at night. Klap tenas, —
Kla-ho'w-ya, adv. (C). The ordinary to be with child. Klap tumtum, — to de-
salutation at meeting- or parting*. How cide; to recollect; remember. Klap wa-
do you do? good evening; good day; wa, —
to learn a language.
good morning; good-bye; as, Klahowya Klas'-ka, or Klus'-ka, pron. (C). (Chi-
sikhs, — good Kahta mika,—
day, friend. nook,-Kluska.) Anything" pertaining to
how are you? Kah mika house? where
your house? Kah mika chako? —
— the third person, plural number; they;
thine; them; their; theirs. Example:
is
whence come you? Kah mika klatawa? Klaska klatawa kopa Clallam illahee, —
— where are going? Mika na kumtuks
—
they went to the Clallam land. Nika
alki snass? do you think it will rain?
-no. Nawitka, yes. Klahowya,
Halo.,. — klaska iiahee,
—
nanitsh klaska, I see them.
— this Okoke
is their land.
good-bye. Mahsie, thanks. —
Kla-ho'w-yum, adj., n. (C). (Chinook,- wah.)
Klat'-a-wa,
(Jewitt.)
v. (N). (Nootka,-Klattur-
(Nittinat,-Klatoukh.)
Klahauia). Poor; miserable; wretched; To gx>; travel; attend; flow; migrate;
compannion; distress. Example: Hyas start; tread; leave; begone; get out; de-
klahowyum nika, — I am very poor. Ma- part. Example: Klatawa teahwit, to —
mook klahowyum, — to take pity on; give walk; go on foot. Yaka klatawa kopa
alms; be generous. Also to impoverish; —
Tacoma, he went to Tacoma. Klatawa
make poor, (the sense in which it is kopa kiuatan, to ride. Chee klatawa,
used depends on the connection and cir-
cumstances). "The salutation above giv-
—
to
to start. Klatawa kopa boat, to sail;
go in a boat. Mamook klatawa, — to
—
en probably originated in some whining send. (A few of the numerous ways
reply to the first whites, and a distinc- of spelling Klatawa: Ciatawah; clatta-
tion has since arisen between the two wah; claterwar; clatterwar; clattarwar;
modes of spelling, which is, however, clatawar; clatua; clatuwa; klatawah;
purely arbitrary."- Gibbs. —Eells says: klatoa; klatwa; tlatoa; tlatowa; and
"Gibbs, Gill, Hibben, Tate, and Swan give others.)
Klahowoya as the word for salutation, Klim-in'-awhit, n., v. (C). (Chinook,-
and Klahowyum for poor, but I have Kliminawhut.) A lie; to lie; falsehood;
never been able to see any difference. In untrue. Example: Hyas kumtuks
the Willamette Valley in 1850 and after-
wards, we always used Klahowyum for
—
kliminawhit, he is a great liar (liter-
ally, he knows well how to lie). Yaka
both, and I never heard Klahowya.
Puget Sound for about twenty years we
On kwanesum kliminawhit, he always lies.
(Also spelled: Kliminacut; kliminwhit;
—
have used Klahowya for both; and I kliminkwhit ; kliminawit klamina wit ;

have seldom heard Klahowyum." (A few klaminawhit; clementikote ; tlemena-

other ways of spelling Klahowya and
Klahowyum: Clahoyma; klahaiyam; kla-
haiiam; klahowyah; klahowyou; klah-
ya; klahyam; klahyeam; klahyeyah;
thlacoca; tlaquaya; klahum; klahiyon,
whit; tleminwhit; kliminwit; and oth-
ers.)
Klim'-min, adj. (C). (Chinook,-Tkle-
min-tklemin.) Soft; fine in substance;
— not hard; fine; little. (The reduplica-

AND HOW TO USE
tion denotes the diminutive, but in Jar-
Ex-
gon it is generally used singly. )
—
ample: Klimmin sapolell, flour. Chako
—
klimmin, to melt; become soft. Klim-
min illahie, —mud;
Wake klimmin, or halo
marshy ground.
klimmin, —hard.
Mamook klimmin, — to soften
dressing a skin.
Klip, adj. (C). (Chinook.-Kelipe Chi-
halis,-Kluptutl; Nisqually,-Klep.) Deep;
sunken; to sink. Example: Klip chuck,
— deep water. Klip sun, sunset. —
Klis'-kwiss, n. (C). (Chinook,-idem.)
A mat, (made of the cattail rush.) Ex-
ample: Kliskwiss yaka kloshe
bed, —the mat is good for a bed.
Klo-nas, adv. (C). Chinook,-idem.)
(Expression of uncertainty or doubt.)
Perhaps; I don't know; may be so; who
knows? it is doubtful; might; may.
Equivalent to the Spanish quien sabe.
"The potential mode is indicated by the
word, klonas." Eells.— — Example: Klo-
nass nika klatawa, perhaps I shall go.
Kah mika kahpho? where— is your
brother? Klonass,- I don't know. Mika
tumtum hiyu snass okoke sun?— do you
think it will rain much today? Klonas,
— I do not know.
—
Klonas yaka chako
tomollo, perhaps he will come tomor-
row. (Other ways of spelling Klonas:
Klonass; clonas; chinas; kloneas; kloo-
naz; tlonas; thlunass, etc.)
Klone, adj. (C). (Chinook.-Tklon.)
Three. (Other spellings: None; clone;
cloak; kloon; thlune; tlon, etc.)
Kloshe, or Klosh, adj., adv. (N).
(Nootka, Tokwaht,-klohtl; Makah,-klot-
elo, or klotello; Cloosh,-(Meares) ; Nis-
qually,-klob.) A very expressive word;
has 45 meanings.) Good; well; well
enoug-h; affable; amiable; apt; auspi-
cious; beautiful; beloved; beneficial; con-
venient; efficient; elegant; even; fair;
fine; fortunate; fragrant; gay; graceful;
hospitable; meek; intimate; kind; mild;
modest; moral; neat; nice; uleasant;
plain; please; practical; pretty; right;
reliable; safe; respectable; secure; still;
smooth; splendid; useful; upright; vir-
tuous; untarnished. Ex.: Kloshe nan-
nitsh, — look out; take care; guard; de-
fend; nurse; watch; provide. Delate hy-
—
as kloshe, magnificent. Elip kloshe,
better; superior. Hyas kloshe, very
well; very good; grand; superb. Elip
kloshe kopa konoway, — best; supreme.
—
Mamook kloshe, adorn; appease; ar-
range; behave; cure; fix; decorate; pre-
pare; repair. Mitlite kloshe tumtum,—
to congratulate; enjoy; be contented.
—
Wake kloshe, unkind; not good; unfa-
vorable; wrong; nasty; naughty. Wake
kloshe kopa —
mahkook, unsalable.
Kloshe kopa mahkook, — merchantable.
Kloshe kopa nika, — am satisfied.
I gregate; entire; the sum; the whole. Ex-
Kloshe kopa cultus potlatch, — generous;
good about giving: liberal. Kloshe ko-
pet, — be Kloshe mitlite, — hold on;
still.
—
IT. 11
remain. —
Kloshe tumtum, love; delight;
happy; favor; cordial; friendly. Kloshe
chako,
——
all right; come on. Kloshe kah-
kwa, well; enough; all right; amen.
Kloshe tumtum mika chako, an invita-
tion; a welcome. (Other ways of spell-
—
as by ing Kloshe: Close; closche; clouch;
klosche; klose; kloosh; tloos; tlosh;
tlush;; cloosh, and others.)
Kloshe-spose, adv. (N. and E.). (Noot-
ka,-klohtl; English,-suppose.) Shall or
may I; let me; good
Kloshe-spose nika mamook pia okook?
if. Example:
—
shall I cook that? (literally, (is it) good
kopa that I may cook that?) .Kloshe-spose
nika klatawa? — shall I go?
Klootch-man, n. (N). (Nootka and Tok-
waht,-Klutsma.) A woman; madam;
wife; mistress; a lady; a female of any
animal. Example: Kah mika klootch-
—
man? where is your wife? .Tenas
—
klootchman, a girl; virgin; maiden;
daughter; lass; used generally with ref-
erence to all girls and women who are
not married, and sometimes with refer-
ence to young married women. Klootch-
—
man kiuatan, a mare. Tans yaka tenas
—
klootchman, a granddaughter. Klootch-
—
man yaka ats, a sister-in-law. Klootch-
man yaka mama,— a mother-in-law.
—
Klootchman yaka ow, a brother-in-law.
Klootchman yaka papa, a father-in-
law. (A few other ways in which the
—
word is spelled: Cloocheman; clooche-
min; clootchman; cloachman; clotshe-
man; kloochman; kleutchman; tlatche-
man; tluchmen; klouchman, etc.)
Ko, v. (C). (Chinook,-idem.) To reach;
arrive at. Example: Chee klaska ko, —
they have just come. Kansih nesika ko
kopa Nisqually? -when shall we reach
Ni squally? Tahlkie sun nika ko kopa
—
Olympia, yesterday I arrived at Olym-
pia.
Kok'-shut, v. (N). (Nootka,-Kakh-
shetl; Kloakwat.-Kwachitl.) (In the
original dead.) To break; broken; to
beat; hit; bruise; burst; cleave; hurt;
demolished; knock; rap; tear; torn;
kick; slap; shatter; split; bruised; a
break. Eells says: "Often mamook is
used with it to make it an active verb;
and chako, a verb in the passive voice,
— but not always. Thus,— Nika kokshut
—
— yaka, and Nika mamook kokshut yaka,
I hit him, —would both be proper. So,
Nika kokshut, and Chako kokshut, I am —
hurt, would also both be proper." Ex-
ample: Hyas kokshut, much broken.—
——
Hviu kokshut, all broken to pieces.
Chako kokshut, broken; split; bruised;
passive of kokshut. Mamook kokshut, —
to beat; bruise; see above kokshut.
Kon'-a-way, adj. (C). (Chinook,-Kan-
awe.) All; every; total; universal; ag-
ample: Klaska konaway klatawa, they
have all gone. Konaway tilikum, —ev-
—
erybody; mankind. Konaway ikta,
 —— — ) — — —

12 THE CHINOOK JARGON

everything.
where.
Konaway kah, every-
Konaway sun,— every day.
— that's
Kopet
all.
nika
Kopet kumtuks,— to
mitlite, — I alone
forget.
remain.
Ko'-pa, adv., prep., conj. (C). (Chi-
nook,-idem; formerly, Kwapa,-Hale.
The principal preposition in the lan-
Wake
mook
quell;
— —
siah kopet, nearly finished. Ma-
kopet, to finish; fulfill; quench;
stop; annul; complete; conclude;
guage. At; according* to; around; about; check. Kopet tomolla, day after to- —
concerning-; to; into; with; towards; of;
there; in that place; than; for; from;
morrow. Kopet cooley, to halt. Kopet
—
kopa school, to graduate. Konoway
—
on; during; through; instead of. tells klatawa kopet yaka, —
all went except
says: "There are nine words and three him. Halo kopet, or wake yaka kopet, —
phrases which are used as prepositions. incomplete; unfinished.kloshe Wawa
The principal words are kopa saghalie, —
kopet, to forbid. "Kopet, before things
over; keekwulee, under; and kunamokst, which can be weighed or counted, must
with; kopa is, however, used more than be accompanied by, aiu (hiyu). Ex.:
all the others, as it has a great variety Kopet aiu mitlait (mitlite), there is
— —
of meanings, which can only be known enough." St. Onge.
by the connection, some of which are Kow, v. (C). (Chinook,-kaw-kaw.) To
entirely opposite to each other, as, from tie; to fasten; to be fastened. Ex.: Kow
and to; for example, yaka chako kopa —
mika kiuatan, tie your horse. Mika
saghalie, means, he came from heaven; mamook kow mika kiuatan? have you — —
but, yaka klatawa kopa saghalie, tied your horse? Nawitka, yaka kow,
means he went to heaven. Alta nika
potlatch wawa kopa mesika kopa okoke
yes he is tied. Ikt kow, a bundle; a
package; parcel; pack. Marsh kow, un-
— —
papah, means, now I will talk to you tie; unfasten; release; unbind. Mamook
about this picture. Yaka mitlite kopa kow, to— tie; hitch; arrest; shackle.
—
chuck, he is on the water; yaka mitlite
—
kopa river, he is at the river; yaka
Kiutan See Kiuatan.
Kull, adj. (C). (Chinook,-K'hul-k'hul).
—
klatawa kopa stick, he has gone into Hard in substance; difficult; tough; solid.
the woods; kopa ikt moon yaka mitlite
—
yukwa, during one month he will stay
Example: Chahko kull, to become hard.——
Halo kull, or wake kull, tender; soft;
here; kopa yaka wawa John yaka mimo-
luse, —
according to his story John is to become hard.
—
easy. Mamook kull, to harden; to cause
Hyas kull spose ma-
dead. .Saghalie kopa mountain, on top — —
mook, it is very hard to do so. Kull
of the mountain; Jesus yaka mimoluse
—
kopa nesika, Christ died for or instead
stick, —oak or any hard wood.
Kul-lagh'-an, or Kullah, n. (S). (Chi-
of us. The word is also used as an ad- halis.-Kullakh; Lummi,-Kullukhan). A
verb and conjunction. Kopa is often fence; a corral, or inclosure; pen, a rail.
prefixed to a noun to show that it is in
the possessive as okoke kiutan
Example: Kullagh stick, fence rails. —
kopa John, — this case,
horse
erally — this horse to john, —
John's, —
is
belongs
(lit-
(Ln the original, it meant the stockade
with which Indian houses are often sur-
i. e.,
rounded.) Nika tikegh mamook ooahut
to john.") Ex.: Yaka
kopa, — his dogs are there.
kamooks mitlite
When thus kah mika kullaghan mitlite, I wish — to
make a road where your fence is.
used as an adverb, the accent on theis Kultus, see Cultus.
last syllable which prolonged. Nika
kiutan elip kloshe kopa yaka kiutan, —
is Kum'-tuks, or kum'-tux, (N).
v. n.
(Nootka,-Kommetak; Tokwaht,-Kumi-
my horse is better than his horse. Kopa tuks; Clayoquot.-Kemitak). To know;
—
nika house, at my house. Iaolo okoke
—
kopa mika, take that home with you;
equivalent to the French chez vous. Cul-
understand; be acquainted with; learn;
perceive; ascertain; recognize; imagine;
believe; to be wise; knowing; knowledge;
—
tus kopa nika, it is nothing to me. Nika kum-
—
Kah okoke lope? where is that rope? wisdom; sense.
tuks yaka,—understand
Example:
know him. Nika kumtuks
I
okoke, —
(motioning with the chin towards the
place) Kopa. Kopa mika, your; yours.
— — I Yaka mitlite
it.
hiyu kumtuks, — he has much knowledge.
Kopa mesika, your; yours. Kopa nika, Delate kumtuks, — to prove; to be sure;
— my; mine. Kopa nesika, ours. Kopa—— — to
—
klaska, theirs. Kopa yaka, his; her;
—
hers; its. Kopa bed, abed; in bed. Kopa
to be expert. Halo delate kumtuks,
be in doubt; uncertain; obscurity. Halo
boat, or ship, —
aboard; on the boat or —
kumtuks, to misunderstand; not to
ship.
horse.
—
Kopa kiutan, horseback; on the
Kopa konoway, — common;
know; unacquainted; unawares; unintel-
ligible. Halo kumtuks kopa okoke
mamook, — incompetent. Iskum kumtuks,
for all.
Kopa huloima, — alibi; elsewhere.
Ko-p'et, v., adj. (C). (Chinook,-idem.) — to learn; to get knowledge.
kumtuks, — to forget.
Kopet
(Mamook kum-
To stop; leave off; enough; only; alone;
forbear; quit; simply; submit; abdicate; tuks, see mamook.) Tikegh kumtuks,
abrogate; cease; except. Ex.: Kopet wa- — to enquire; wish to know. Kumtuks
hiyu lalang, — a linguist. Kumtuks kopa
—
wa, stop talking. Kopet hiyu, enough.
—
Kloshe kopet, be still. Kopet ikt,—
— siwash, or tillikums, — ethnology. Kum-
lonely; alone; only one. Kopet okoke, — tuks mamook, skill; competent; prac-
 — —

AND HOW TO USE IT. 13

tical. papeh, — to read. Kum-

Kumtuks timid.
tuks wawa, — an orator; eloquent. ("Kum-
name given to Edward Clayson,
Kw'in'-num,
nem.) Five.
adj. (C).
Example:
(Chinook,-Kwe-
Tahtlum pe
tux,"
Sr., editor Patriarch, by newspaper men) kwinnum,
— Kwo-lann, — fifteen. Kwinnum
Kwinnum tukamonuk, —
tahtlum,
"Cumtux." (Other spellings: Comtak; 50. 500.
cumetax; cumtux; kametaks; komtax; Kwolan or Kwo-lah'-lie, n.
komtoks; kumtax, etc.) (S). (Chihalis,-Kwolan; Nisqually,-Kwi-
Kun'-a-mokst, or Kun'-a-moxt, adj. lani.) The Example:
ear. Kumtuks
(Chinook.-konaway mokst; kopa —
kwolan, to
hear. Halo kwolann,
prep. (C).
literally, all two). Both; tog-ether; with; or, ikpooie kwolann, deaf.— "Kwolad,
the ear. Kwuh-lah-dee, the Indian word
amid; among-; beside; besides. Example:
Kunamoxt kahkwa, both alike. Nesika —— Koulahdi is more commonly used." Bu-
chanan.
—
klatawa kunamokst, we will go togeth-
er. Nika mitlite kunamokst yaka,
with him.
I live
Chako kunamokst, to join; ——
unite; meet; assemble; congregate; con-
vene Tumtum kunamokst, to agree. —
Wawa kunamokst, to consult. —
(C). (Chi-
Kun'-jih, or kun'-sih, adv.
nook,-kunseukh). How many; when; La-boos, or Lapush, n. (P). (Prench,-
Kunsih tilikum mitlite?
Example: La Bouche.) The mouth; mouth of a
ever.
—how many people are there? Kunsih river. Moxt laboos, — the forks of a
—
mika klatawa? when do you go? Wake river. Kloshe kopa lapush, to relish. —
kunsih, — never. Mamook kunsih,— to
klatawa ?—
La-ca-set, n. (P). (Prench,-La Cas-
ette.) A box, trunk, or chest.
count. Kunjih laley mika La-clo-a, n. (P). (Prench,-La Croix.)
how long before you will go? Kunjih A Cross.
dolla,— what price?
hyas, — how large?
what cost? Kunjih
what size? Kunjih La-gome, n. (P). (Prench,-La Gomme.)
laley,— how long? Kunjih siah,— how Pitch; glue. La gomme stick, light- —
far? distance. Kunjih tintin, what
—
— wood; the pitchpine.
La-hal, see Slahal.
time? Kunjih hiyu, how much? Kunjih La-hash', n. (P). (Prench,-La hache.)
—
mika chako? when did you come? (This An axe or hatchet.
word is spelled in many different ways, Lahb, n. (Prench.-L'herbe). The Ar-
as Cansu; kansih, kiassee, konse, konsick, butus uva ursi, the leaves of which are
kunjie, kunjik, kunjuk, kunsjake, kunsig,
kunsic, konsiah, kunjih, kunji, etc.) — used in smoking, alone or mixed with
tobacco.
Shaw. La-kam-mas, see Kamass.
Kwah'-ne-sum, or Kw'an-e-sum, adv. Lak'it, or Lok'-it, adj. (C). (Chinook,-
(C). (Chinook,-Kwanisum; Yakima, - Lakt.) Pour; four times. Lakit taht-
Kwalisim.) Always; forever; eternal;
continual; everlasting*; perpetual; un-
—
lum, forty. Tahtlum pe lakit,— four-
teen. Lakit tukamonuk, 400.
ceasing. Example: Okoke steamer yaka La-lahm', or La-lum', n. (P). (Prench,-
—
kwanesum klatawa, that steamer is al-
Kahkwa kwanesum, — as
La rame.) An oar. Mamook lalahm,
ways going.
Kwanesum mitlite, — permanent;
to row.
usual. La-lang, n. (P). (Prench,-La langue.)
to keep. The tongue; a languag-e; dialect; tribe.
Kwahtah, n. (E). The quarter of a Example: Nika lalang huloima kopa
dollar.
usually
The quarter of any number is
expressed in Jargon by tenas
yaka lalang, — my language is different
from his.
sitkum, —a small half. La'-ly, n. (C). (Chinook,-lele.) Time;
Kwaist, or Kweest, adj. (C). (Chi- a long- time. "Intensity of meaning or
nook,-Kwaitst.) Nine. Example: Taht- duration of time may also be indicated
lum pe kweest, — nineteen.
—
"(Western Wash.) Though not much
(Eells says: by prolongation of the sounding of a
word, thus: laly (time), la-a-a-aly (a
used there for thev generally either sav, long time. This is based upon an in-
——
— kwinnum pe lakit, 5 and 4, or nin^.") stinctive principle common to all ton-
Kweest tahtlum, 90. Kweest tukamo- gues, just as we in English phonetically
nuk,— 900. Kweest thousand, 9,000. — indicate prolongation of time or exten-
Kwann, adj. (C). ( Chinook, -Kwan- sion in space or intensity of feeling by
kwan.) Glad. (According to Mr. Ander-
son, it means a custom or habit. Mc-
means of the intonation." Buchanan.
Ex.: Tenas laly or wake laly, a short
——
cormick says: "It is used by some in time; an interval. Kunjih laly, how —
this sense as
horse." Kwal
tamed or broken, as of a
is Nisqually for tame. (St.
long.
after. Tenas laly elip, —
—
Tenas laly kimtah, a little while
a little while
Onge says it means tame; gentle; quiet; before. Kunjih laly mika mitlite yahk-
meek.) —
wa? how long have you lived here?
Kwass, adj.,
n., v. (CI. (Chinook,- La-messe, n. (P). (Prench,-idem.) The
idem.) Pear; to be afraid; tame; shy; ceremony of the mass. Ex.: Mamook
 —— ——

14 THE CHINOOK JARGON

—
lamesse, to say mass. ample: —
Kloshe lemah, the right (liter-
La-mes-tin, or La-met-sin, n. (F). ally, the good hand). Fotlatch lemah, —
(French,-La medecine.) Medicine, (not shake hands. Iskum kopa yaka lemah,
including* ma?ic) drug ointment; pana-
;

cea; pill; physic. Example: Halo mika

1
; — to get in his hand or arm; to hug.
Le-'mel, n. (F). (Le mool, on Puget
tikegh lametsin? — do you not want med- Sound.) (French,-Le mulet.) A mule.
icine? Lametsin tupso, an herb. — Le-mo'-lo, n., adj. (Fr. Canadian,- Le
Lam'-mi-eh, Lummieh or Lam-mi-i, n. moron; undoubtedly a corruption of
(F). (French,-La vieille.) An old wom- Marron, a runaway negro. It applies to
an. Example: Kopet ikt lummieh mit- men as well as animals, as, for instance,
lite, —
only one old woman remains.
La-mon-ti, La-mo -ti,
to the tribes which have had no inter-
or n. (F). course with the settlements. Eells says
(French,-La montaigne). A mountain. it is becoming obsolete, as the word wild
La pea or Le pee, (see leepee.) is taking its place.) Wild; untamed;
La-peep', n. (F). (Frsnch,-La pipe.) skittish; uncivilized. Halo lemolo, -
A tobacco-pipe. Lapeep kullakala (lit- tame.
erally, the "pipe-bird"), the band-tailed Le-moo'-to, or Lam-mu'-to, n. (F).
eagle, as its feathers were used to or- (French,-Les moutons.) Sheep. The
nament the pipe stems. word sheep is rapidly taking its place.)
La-pel-lah', v. (Quaere if from the
French,-Le foyer.) Mamook lapellah,—
—L~-pee,
Eells.
n. (F). (French,-Le pied.) The
to roast before the fire. feet; a foot; lesr; thigh; foot print; track;
La-plas'h, n. (F). (French,-La —
paw; (luh-pee-ay, differentiate by ges-
planche.) A board; lumber; plank. Ex- tured—Buchanan. Example: Yaka la-
ample: Kah mika iskum okoke laplash, pea yaka kokshut, — his leg is broken.
— where did you get that lumber? Cultus
laplash,— slabs; refuse lumber. Laplash
—
Kah lapra mitlite, a footstep. Klata-
wa kopa lapea,— to walk. Tzum kah le-
man, a carpenter; a builder. pea mitlite, footstep: track.
La-pome, n. (F). (French,-La pomme.) Le-p'let, n. (F). (French,-Le pretre.)
An apple. (The word apple is now used A priest; minister; clergyman; parson.
on Puget Sound.) Example: Yahwa klatawa nesika leplet,
A
La-pote, n. (F).
door.
(French,-La porte.) — there goes our minister.
gives: Lesepek, — bishop.
(St. Onge
Lesapot, —
La-push, see laboos. apostle. Katolik,— Catholic. Sesu Kli,—
Ea-tet', n. (F). (Pronounce as though Jesus Christ. Faska, -Easter. Olo time,
"lah-tayt.") (French,-! a tete.) The
head; poll; brains; intellect; sense. Ex-
— Lent. —
Komenio, communion. Kopil-
—Eklis, — church.
masio, confirmation. Lapatkot, pente- —
ample: Fil latet, —
red-headed. Nika cost. Ekstlem oksio, —
sick kopa nika latet, —
I am sick in my extrerre unction.)
-

head. Halo latet, - stupid. Huloima la- Ee-sak', n. (F). (French,-Le sac.) A
tet, delirious. Kopa latet, mental. — ba"*; a pocket; a sack.
Tupso kopa latet, —hair. Le-whet, n. (F). (On Puget Sound, la
Law, n. (English,-idem). A law; com- whi'p.) (French,-La fouet.) A whip.
mand; decree; rule; mandate; statutes. Mamook lewhet, to whip.
Ex.: Yaka kumtuks Boston law, —he Lice. n. (En$rlish,-rice.) Rice. Ex.:
understands American law. Delate kopa Mika tikegh lice? -do you wish for rice?
law, legal, legitimate, or kloshe kopa Lip'-lip, v. (by onoma. Hale). —
To
law. Wake kloshe kopa law, — illegal; boil. Ex.: Okoke lice yaka liplip alta, -
illegitimate. the rice is boiling now. Mamook liplip,
La-wen',
Oats.
n. (F). (French.-L'avoine.) — to make, or cause to boil.
Liver, n. (E). A river. Example:
Ee-bal', n. (F). (French,-idem.) A ball; Yaka mitlite kopa liver, he is living at
bullet. Tenas lebal. shot. the r vpr.
1-

Le-jaub, n. (F). (French.-Diable.) The Lockit, Lakit, or Eokit, see Lakit,

devil; satan; a demon. Example: Spose Lo'-lo, v. (C). (Chinook,-idem.) (Or-
mika mamook mesachie, lejaub iskum iginally, to carry a child on the back.

get you.
—
mika, if you do wrong, the devil will
Lejaub ya v a illahee, hell.
(Other spellings: Eahblo; diaub; deaub;
derb; leiom; leiop; lejob; yaub; lejaum;
deob.)
Le-kleh', n. (F). (French,-Le clef.) A
key. Example: Mamook le kleh, lock
the door. Mahsh lekleh, to unlock, or
mamook halo lekleh.
Le'-mah, or Leh'ma, n. (F). (French,-
La main.) The hand; the arm; thumb;
finders; sleeve handle; limb or knot of
; whole wheat. Mamook lowullo, to roll
a tree. (Differentiate by gesture.) Ex-
— In Jargon, used in a more extended
sense.) To carry; to load; to bear;
bring; fetch; remove; transfer; convey;
lucr; pack; renew. Example: Mamook
lolo —
kopa canim, to load into a canoe.
Kloshe mika lolo oko>e iktas, — good you
— carry these things. Man yaka kumtuks
—a
— lolo, carrier.
Lowullo, lolo, or lohlo, adi. (C). (Chi-
nook.-Lowullo.) Round; whole; the en-
tire of anything*. Lowullo sapeleel,—
—
up (Shaw), (Not in general use.)
 — a
-

AND HOW TO USE IT. 15

Lope, n. (E). (English,-Rope.)

—A us pray to God. Wawa mahsie, to give —
rope. Tenas lope, —
a cord. Skin lope, thanks; to praise. Mahsie kopa Sagha-
—
Tyee, the Doxology.
a raw hide, riata, or thong. lie
Xium, n. (E). (English, -Rum.) Spirits Maht'-lin-nie, adv. (C). (Chinook,-
of any sort; rum; whiskey. Matlini.) Off shore; out at sea. (In

wards the water.

—
boating), keep off! (If on land),— to-

M Mah'twil-lie,
Mathwili.)
adv. (C).

—
(Chinook,-
In shore; shoreward.
a command), keep in. (On land), to-
wards the woods, or the interior.
(As
—
Mah'kook, v., n. (Nootka,-Makuk; Nit- Mal-i-eh, v., n. (F). (French,-Marier.)
tinat and Tokwaht,-idem Makah,-Bak- ; To marry; to get married; marriage;
watl.) To buy or sell; trade or ex- matrimony. Example: Yaka malieh al-
change; a bargain; purchase. ("As their ta? — is he married now?Alta nika kla-
buying and selling was merely barter,
the same word always answered both the marriage.
—
tawa kopa malieh, now I am going to
Elip kopa malieh, — ante
—
operations." Gibbs.) Eells says: "Gibbs
gives it as a noun, a bargain, but it is
nuptial. Man yaka chee malieh, a
bridegroom. Klootchman yaka chee ma-
not so used now. He also gives it as lieh, —
a bride. Halo malieh,- -a bene-
to sell, trade, or exchange, but mahsh dict. Mamook cut kopa malieh, or, kok-
is now used, to sell, and huyhuy to shut malieh, —a divorce; to be divorced;
trade and exchange." .Ex.: Hyas mah- to get a divorce.
—
kook, dear; very dear( in price). Wake Ma -ma, n. (E). (English,-Mamma.)
mother; a mama. Example: Halo ma-
A
hyas mahkook, ortenas mahkook,— cheap.
Kah nxika mahkook okoke iktahs? — ma, —motherless. Kahkwa mama, —
—
where did you buy the goods? Mahkook motherly; maternal. Papa pe mama,
—
man, merchant; ..trader; ..salesman; parents. Halo papa pe mama,— orphans.
storekeeper. Mahkook house, a trad-
ing-house or a store. Nika tikegh mah-
— Mama yaka ats, an aunt. Mama yaka
mama,— a grandmother. Mama yaka ow,
kook iktahs, — I wish buy some things.
to — an uncle.
(Other spellings: Mahcook; makook; Mam'-ook, n., v. (N). (UTootka.-mam-
makouke; makuk; markoke; markook.) uk.) To make; to do; to work; labor;
Mahsh, v. (P). (Prench,-Marcher.) To exertion; exercise; act; action; deed;
leave; to turn out; to throw away; sell; work; enact; appoint; accomplish; make;
acquit; banish; cast; dash; desert; dis- manage; operate; practice; resolve;
patch; dismiss; distribute; detach; drop; serve; use; toil; a job; task; achieve,
apply; expel; to part with; remove; ex- the one word denoting
action. "The
terminate; extinguish; fling; forsake; most useful of all Chinook words, as it
get rid of; heave; hurl; lay down; omit; is prefixed to many nouns, verbs and
insert; pour; put; reject; release; relin- adjectives and makes them active verbs;
quish; remit; send; remove; sling; sow; hence, more than any other word it is
spill; spend; thrust; toss; transmit. Ex- the sign of the active voice." Eells. —
ample: Mahsh chuck kopa boat, bail — "On Puget Sound it is probably the
the boat out. Nika mahsh nika kuitan, most common word in use. I have given
—I have sold my horse. Cultus mahsh, 209 phrases which begin with it. which
— to waste. Halo mahsh, to hold.
—
Mahsh okoke salmon, throw away that
— answer to a single English word." Dr.
Boas says, however, it has acquired an
fish.Tenas mahsh, to move. Mahsh — obscene meaning and is no longer in use
konoway yaka wind, to die; expire. —
Mahsh mifca capo, — take off your coat.
on the Columbia river. "Used generally
as a causative verb, as mamook c"hako
— to exclude; eject;
,

Mahsh klahanie, de- (make to come) bring; mamook liplip,

liver; evict;
(to a dog), — turn out; export.
get out! Mahsh keekwulee,
Mahsh! —
make to boil," Hale. Ex.: Ikta mil:
mamook?— what are you doing? Mamook
— to inject; sink; lower; enclose; throw
down; put inside. Mahsh tenas, to have —
elip, ——
to begin; commence. Mamook
halo, to demolish; destroy; erase; ruin;
a child; to be delivered. Mahsh kunam- efface; evacuate; overthrow; repeal.
okst,
mahsh
—
to mingle; to mix; to add. Yakka
—
tum-tum kopa nika, he has
—
Mamook haul, to haul; subtract; ex-
tract; pull; pull off; pick (as apples);
given me his orders, or told me his dig (as potatoes). Mamook huyhuy, —
wishes. —
Mahsh kopa illahee, to bury.
Mahsh kow, — to untie. Mahsh stone, —
to change; trade; exchange.
—
kloshe, to make
Mamook
good; shine; trim:
to castrate. Mahsh lametsin kopa lemah heal; pacify; remedy; repair; prepare;
yaka kloshe kopa small pox, — to vac- please; sure; to make safe; sure; or
cinate. Mahsh mesachie, — to go to stool. useful. Mamook tumtum, to think: —
Mah-sie, v. (F). (French.-Mercie.) reason; meditate; reckon; ponder; re-
Thank you; thanks; thankful. (Eells view; muse; decide; determine; sur-
says also to pray.) Example: Kloshe mise; plan; account; appraise; elect; be
nesika mahsie kopa Saghalie Tyee, let — amazed; estimate; decide; deduce; de-
 —a —— —

16 THE CHINOOK JARGON

Mamook Example: Elip
sign;
tzum, —contemplate;
to write;
consider.
record, subscribe;
unrighteous; naughty.
mesachie, worse. Elip mesachie kopa
mark; copy; dye; engrave; enroll; konoway, the worst. Hiyu mesachie
enumerate. Mamook mamook by- — unclean. Mesachie mitlite, —
by, — to
defer; delay.
alki;
Mamook chako, — mitlite,
danger; peril. "Mesatchee, — bad, vile,
to bring; make to come; fetch. Mamook vicious, in the sense of vileness, filth,
cultus, —
to spoil. Mamook delate, to — dirtiness, etc., whether in the abstract
confirm; straighten; make right; cor-
rect. Mamook kahkwa, to imitate; as- — or in the concrete." —
Buchanan.
Me-si'-ka, pron. (C). (Chinook,-Mesai-
similate; mimic. Mamook kilapie, to
twist; unwind; withdraw; turn over (as
— ka.) "The second person, plural num-
ber in all cases." You; your; yours.
a canoe); bring or send back. Mamook "There is no such thing as case in Chi-
kopet, —to stop; check; complete; finish;
conclude; deter; quell; quench; annul;
nook, therefore one form represents at
once the nominative, possessive and ob-
prohibit; restrict; extinguish; extermi- jective cases, or what corresponds to
nate; abolish; debar. Mamook kow, to
tie; wrap; hitch; clasp; shackle; strap;
— them
Mi'ka,
in
pron. (C).
—
English." Buchanan.
(Chinook.-Maika.)
confine; detain; fasten; capture; arrest; (Anything pertaining to the first person,
envelop. Mamook kumtuks, to teach;
show; explain; acquaint; describe; dis-
— singular number.) You; your; yours;
thee; thou; thy; thine. Example: Okoke
close; edify; educate; illustrate;
form; instruct; reveal; introduce; pub-
in- ——
mika kiutan? is this your horse? Kah
mika klatawa? where are you going?
lish. Mamook kunjih; mamook kwun- Mi'-mie, adv. (C). (Chinook,-Maiami.)
—
num, to count; enumerate.
— Mamook Down stream.
sick tumtum, to afflict; ill treat; hurt Mit'-lite, v. (C). (Chinook.-Mitlait.)
one's feelings. Mamook skookum, to — To sit; sit down; stay at; reside; remain;
strengthen;; invigorate; strive; uphold. have; inhabit; abide; dwell; exist; dwell;
Mamook skookum tumtum, to encour-
age; to make brave. Mamook skookum
— be present; recline; keep; linger; lodge;
possess; reside; roost; wait. (Also used
—
haul, must. Ch.ee mamook, the begin-
ning; new work. Cultus mamook, mis-
— — for the impersonal verb, to be; is.)
Example: Kah mika mitlite? where do —
chief; poor work. Delate kumtuks ma- you live? Yaka mitlite kopa yaka house,
—
mook, practical; knowing how to work. — he is at his house. (It is also used
Halo delate mamook, to pretend; not
right work.
—
Kumtuks mamook, skill; — in place of to have and to be.) Example:
—
Mitlite kopa house, he is in the house.
to know how to work.
— Kwanesum ma-
mook, to persevere; persist; endure; be
Mitlite hyiu salmon kopa mika? have —
you plenty of salmon? Mitlite (imp.),
diligent; be industrious; always at work.
—
Fotlatch mamook, to hire; employ; give
— sit down. Cultus mitlite, to stop
anywhere without particular object.
—
work. Tikegh mamook, to endeavor; — ——
Mitlite tenas, to be with child. Mit-
Halo mit-
to wish for work. lite keekwillie, to put down.
Man, n. (E). (English,-idem.) A man;
the male of any animal; a husband.
—
lite, absent. Kloshe
hold; hold on; remain.
mitlite, stay;
Kunjih
— —
mitlite,
Example: Man moolock, a buck elk.
—
Tenas man, a young man or boy. Nika
— how many remain. Okoke mitlite, this
Mitlite kopa chuck,
— —
is the remainder.
—
man, my husband. Sister yaka tenas
— to be wet: soaked.
—
man, a nephew. Tamahnous man,
conjurer; an Indian doctor; a sorcerer.
Mit'-whit, v.
whet.)
(C). ( Chinook,- Am et-
To stand; stand up; rise; be
Man kloshe kopa yaka lepush pe klale Example: Kloshe mesika mit-
—
kopa yaka tumtum, a hypocrite. Man
erect.
—
whit, please to arise. Mitwhit stick, —
yaka mamook cooley steamer, a pilot. — a standing tree; a mast.
Mel'-ass, n. (P). (Prench.-Melasse.) Mokst, Mox, or Moxt, adj. (C). (Chi-
Molasses. ("Not much used, as silup nook,-Makst.) Two; twice; double; dual;
(syrup) has largely taken its place." couple; pair; second. Example: Mokst
Eells.)
Mem'-a-loost, or Mim'-a-loos, v., n., 200.
—
tahtlum, twenty. Mokst tukamonnk,
—
Mokst tumtum, double minded;
adj. (C). (Chinook,-Memalust.) To die; dubious; in doubt.
dead; to expire; decay; become rotten. Moo'la, n. (P). (Prench,-Moulin.) A
Ex.:
come
Chako mimaloos, to decay: be-
rotten.
—
Mamook memaloost, — to
mill; a manufactory.
t>lash, or stick moola.
Example:
—
La-
a saw-mill. Sapo-
kill; assassinate; execute; murder.
—
maloose kopa chuck, to drown. Mima-
Mi- lil moola, —
a flour-mill.
Moo'-lack, n. (C). (Chinook.-Emuluk.)
loose
tomb.
illahee, a —
grave; graveyard; An elk. (This word, strangely enough,
occurs also in the Koquilth of Humbolt
Me-sah-chie, adj., n. (C). (Chinook, - Bav.) The word is obsolete now.
Masachi.) Bad; wicked; evil; vile; sin; Moon, n. (E). (English.-idem.) The
bitter; cruel; depravity; dissolute; dung"; moon. Example: Ikt moon, a month.
—
—
filthv; immodest; nasty; obscene; vice; Sick moon, the wane or old moon. Chee
insolence; unworthy; unruly; iniquity; moon, the new moon. Kopa mokst
 — a — — — I
:

AND HOW TO USE IT. 17

moon nika kilapie, — in two months I will Mus'-ket,

or musket.
n. (English,-idem.)
Stick musket, a bow.
A gun
return.
Moos'-moos, n. (K. C.) (Klikatat,-Mus-
mus; Chinook, -Emusmus.) Buffalo;
horned cattle; beef. (The word, slight-
ly varied, is common to several lan-
guages. Mr. Anderson derives it from
the Cree word Moostoos, a Buffalo, and
N
supposes it to have been imported by
but Father Pandosy
—
Na, the interrogative particle. "In-
terrogation is, however, generally con-
the Canadians;
makes Musmus Yakima.) (Eells says:
"The Clallams and Twanas have adopted
veyed by intonation only." Gibbs. "The
negative enclitic, 'na,' in use in former
—
it into their languages, either from the years, is now obsolete, and is never
Chinook Jargon, the Yakama or some —
heard now on Puget Sound at least." —
other native language; my opinion is Buchanan.
that the latter is true, as buffalo skins Na'-ha, or Na-ah, n. (C). (Chinook,-
were brought to Puget Sound from the Tlkanaa.) A mother, (Hale.) Peculiar
Yakama long before the whites came, to the Columbia, and now in fact obso-
and the name naturally came with it; lete, the English 'mama' being used in-
so the Yakamas undoubtedly had a
name for them long before the Cana-
stead." — Gibbs. "St Onge is the only
writer who uses it." Eells. —
dians came.") Example: Yaka mitlite UTah, interj. (Common to several lan-
—
taghum moosmoos, he has six cattle. guages.) Behold; look; look here; ha;
Man yaka kumtuks mamook mimoloose hey; look here; I say; listen; here; ho;
moosmoos, — a butcher. hark; harken; say. Example: Nah
Moo'-sum, (S). (Chihalis,-Mu-
v., n. —
sikhs! halloo friend! (Used in com-
sam.) To sleep; sleep; asleep; slumber. mon conversation to call attention to
Ex.: Tikegh moosum, or olo moosum, — some point not thoroughly understood,
to be sleepy (literally, to want, or be but generally nanitch is used for this
hungry for sleep). Yaka moosum alta, purpose. In the Yakama language, it is
—he sleeps now. Nika hyas moosum,— the sign of the vocative; as Nah tehn!
I slept very sound. O man.)
Mow-itsh, Mow-itch, or Mah'-witsh, n. Nan'-itsh, or Nan-ich, v. (Quaere u. d.)
(N). (Nootka,-Mauitsh (Hale); Nittinat,-
Moitsh. a deer; Nootka,-Moowatsh, — (Nootka.-Nananitch. Eells.) — To see;
look; look for; seek; observe; glance;
bear (Jewitt). A deer; venison; animal. view; perceive; behold; listen; look here.
(Frequently used to signify a wild ani- ("Often used in a sentence to call atten-
mal: as, Huloima mowitsh,
or different kind of beast. The meaning
—a strange tion to a certain point, as,
—see here.) —
Example: Nanitsh! look there! Kloshe
given in Jewitt's book is probably a mis-
print. Like Moolock, an elk, the word
—
nanitsh! look out! take care! be careful;
nourish; be cautious; nurse; defend; pre-
is found in the Koquilth of Humbolt serve; entertain; protect; foster; steady;
Bay.) (Other spellings: Mahwitch; ma- guard; tend; take heed; supervise;
wich; mawitsh; mowich; mowitsh; mou- watch; provide. Cultus nanitsh, to —
eech; mouits; wowich.) look round idly, or from curiosity only.
Muck-a-muck, n., v. (Quaere u. d. Mnk-
amak (Hale). (Neither Chinook nor Chi- is
—
Mamook nanitsh, to show. (The word
neither Chinook nor Chihalis. Dr.
halis. Mr. Anderson considers it an in- Seoul er gives nannanitsh as Nootka and
vented word.) To eat; bite; food; im- Columbian. It is possibly the former.)
bibe; lunch; chew; browse; devour; suck Na-wit'-ka, adv. (C). (Chinook,-idem)
food; nutrition; wienie; subsistence: ail- Klikatat and Yakama,-N'witka.) Yes;
ment; diet; feast. (Muckamuck is to certainlv; yes, indeed; to be sure; aye;
take anything into the mouth; bene3 assure Sly; indeed. Example: Nawitka
muckamuck
muckamuck
salmun, to eat salmon;
,

—
ni^a klatawa, yes, I will go. Nawitka
—
chuck, to drink water; wake nika kumtuks, indeed I don't
muckamuck kinootl, smoke or chew
to know. Klonass nawitka, perhaps; —
—
tobacco." Hale.) Example:
——
piah muckamuclr, to cook food.
Mamook
Pot-
probably so. Wawa nawitka, to per-
mit; acquiesce; assent; consent; accord.
—
latch muckamuck, to feed. Sail kot>a (In answer to a negative question, many
mamook kloshe lapush spose nesika Indians use it as affirming the nega-
——
muckamuck, a napkin. Muckamuck
chuck, Src., to drink water, or other
liquid. Muckamuck kopa nolaklie, sup- —
tive.) Example: Wake mika nanitsh?
did you not see (it)?
did not.
—
Nawitka,
per.
ner.
Muckamuck kopa sitkum sun, din-
Muckamuck kopa tenas sun, —
— Nem,
name.
n.
Example:
(E). A
(Ensrlish,-Name.)
Mamook nem, — to
breakfast. (Other ways of spelling: name, or call name. Kloshe nem, —
by
Mackamack; makmak; moVamok; muca- honor; a good name. Hyas kloshe nem,
muc; mucamuck; muckermuc; muka-
muck; mukamuck; makamak.)
— agreat name.
pron. (Chinook.-Nisai-
Ne-si'-ka, (C).
 — — — —

18 THE CHINOOK JARGON

ka.) (Among the Quinaielt Indians I an. The nose; also, a promontory. Boat
found 1892 that
in pronouncedit is nose, —
the bow of a boat. Example:
—
en-si-ka."
ample:
Eells.) We; us; our. Ex-
Chako kopa nesika, — come to
Yaka mamook camp kopa nose, he is
camped at the spit.
—
us. Alkl nesika klatawa, — soon we will
go. Nesika kuitan delate — our
— till,
horses are very
ourselves.
Ne'-whah,
Nesika tired.

(C). (Chinook,-Niwha.) It
seems to be an adverb used, as is often
self,
o
the case, as a verb, the meaning being O'-koke, or O'-kook, pron. (C). (Chi-
hither, come, or bring- it hither. Ex.: nook,-Okok.) This; that; it; these; those;
Newhah nika nanitsh, here, let me see — (differentiate by pointing). (Okoke,
this or that, is the only demonstrative
it.
Ni'-ka, (Chinook,-Naika.)
pron. (C). pronoun.) Example: Iktah okoke? —
I; me; my; mine. The
first person, sin- what is that? Okoke klaksta, he who.
gular, in all cases. Ex.: "The personal
pronouns become possessive merely by
—
Okoke klaska, they (being present).
(It is often abbreviated to oke; as, oke
being prefixed to nouns; as, nika house,
my house; mika papa, thy father; nesika
—
sun. Gibbs.) Okoke mitlite, the re- —
—
mainder. Okoke polaklie, tonight.
illahee, our land." Hale. —
"Sometimes Okoke sun, today. — "There are no
s is added to the personal pronouns in words for articles, except that the dem-
the possessive case; thus nikas, mine;
—
mikas, yours; yakas, his, hers, its; —— — onstrative pronoun okoke, that, is some-
times used to denote a very definite
—
—
nesikas, ours;
kas, theirs.
mesikas, yours; klas-
This mode is generally
the."— Eells.
(Belbella.)
O'-lal-lie, or O'-lil-lie, n.
used only when the pronoun is the last (Belhella,-idem.) Originally the salmon
word in the sentence, thus: Okoke kiu-
—
atan nikas." Eells. Nika nanitch yaka,
berry.
general.)
(Chinook.-Klalelli, berries
Berries; fruit. Ex.:
— in
Klale
— I see him.
hit me.
Yaka kokshut nika, he
Nika klootchman, — my wife.
olallie, —blackberries.
rants; cranberries.
Pil olallie, cur-
Sallal olalllie, sal-
—
—
Nika man, — my husband. Nika self,— lal berries. —
Olallie chuck, berry .iuice.
myself. Nika tenas man, — my boy; son; — —
Shot olillie, huckleberries. Seapho, or
sweetheart. Nika tenas klootchman, — siahpult olillie, raspberries: thimble
my
tumtum, — daughter; sweetheart.
girl; Nika
Nika turn-
cap berries. Salmon olillie, salmon —
guess; think.
I berries; &c. (On Puget Sound always
turn kahkwa, — approve; I think I so. called olallie.)
Numerals: The numerals below a O'-le-man, n., adj. (E). (English,-01d
thousand are from the Old Chinook,
all man.) An old man; old; worn out;
and are as follows: .Ikt, — one; mokst, Example: Okoke kuitan yaka
— two; klone, — three; lakit, — four; kwin-
stale.
—
hyas oleman, that horse very
tag-hum, — six; sinamokst, —
is old.
num, — five; (As regards articles, used in the sense
seven; stotekin, — eight; kweest, — nine; of worn out.)
tahtlum, ten; tukamonuk, — one hun- O'-lo, adj. (C). (Chinook,-idem.) Hun-
dred. For some reason the words for gry. Olo chuck, —
Example: thirsty.
eight and nine are used but little, either Olo — sleepy.
moosum, Nika hyas olo
being replaced by the English words alta, — am very hungry now. Wake
I
eight and nine, or by the combinations siah mimoluse kopa olo, — famished. (Olo
for five and three, kwinnum pe klone, moosum, not used on Puget Sound to
and five and four, kwinnum pe lakit. my knowledge, tikegh moosum, is
Thousand is either represented by the sleepy. — Eells.) Olo time, — Lent.
words tahtlum tukamonuk, ten hun-
dred, or by the word thousand. Ross
— Oo'-a-kut, Wayhut, n. (Chinook,-
or
Wehut; Yakima,-Wiet.) A road; path;
(1849) gives hioh, (probably hiyu, trail; way; highway; lane. (Under the
many) as the word for thousand: hioh- spelling Oyhut it is the name of a place
—
hioh, two thousand; hioh-hioh-hioh, — in Chehalis County, Wash. Eells.) Ex-— —
three thousand; and hioh-hioh-hioh-hioh, ample: Kah ooakut kopa Olympia?
— —
four thousand." Eells. The combina- where is the road to Olympia? Ooakut
tions of the numerals are simple, as —
kopa chuck, a channel. Ooakut kopa
tahtlum pe ikt (ten and one) eleven;
mokst tahtlum pe kwinnum (two tens
—
town, a street. (Eells says: "The pro-
nunciation as I have given is not found
and five) twenty-five: tag-hum tahtlum any of the dictionaries, but is what
(six tens) sixty: klone tukamonuk, — in
I have almost universally found on
three hundred: ikt thousand (or taht- Puget Sound; wayhut being very sel-
lum tukamonuk) stotekin tukamonuk, dom used. Gibbs says that on the Co-
kweest tahtlum pe klone, one thousand, — lumbia it is pronounced hwehkut, and
eight hundred and ninety-three." Eells.
Nose, n. (English-idem.)
—
"(Buck-sid
on Puget Sound weehut; but Gill (Port-
land) gives oehut, and I have seldom
(Indian, -Common.) Bock-s'd." —Buchan- heard anything but ooahut on Puget
 — a
AND HOW TO USE
Sound; only occasionally way hut.")
(Other ways of spelling: Hooikut; oi-
hat; oihot; oehut; ohehut; owakut; hweh-
kut; weehut; wehkut; oyhut.) "The In-
dians are very quick to detect any dif-
ference in the intonation or method of
pronunciation of the whites, and some-
times think we speak different lan-
guages. An Indian asked me one day
(while pointing to a cow) what was the
name we called that animal. I told him
cow. He said that he had just asked
another white man, and he called it a
caow. By this means, different Indians
who have been with the whites acquire
a habit of pronouncing such English
words as they pick up in the same style
and manner as the person from whom
they learn them. This causes a great
discrepancy in the Jorgon, which at first
is difficult to get over. And, again, each
tribe will add some local words of their
own language, so that while a person
can make himself understood among any
of the tribes for the purposes of trade,
it is difficult to hold a lengthened con-
versation on any subject without the
aid of some one who has become more
—
familiar with the peculiar style." Judge
Swan.
O'-poots, or O'pootsh, n. (C). (Chinook,-
Obeputsh.) The fundament; the poste-
rior; the tail of an animal; anus; end;
rectum; stern; back; backside. Example:
—
Boat opoots, the rudder. Opoots-sill, — first or last syllables."— Gill.
a breach
skunk.
clout. Humm opoots, — Pasisiuks.)
Ow, n. (Chinook,-Au.)
younger than the speaker.
A brother
Example:
—
Kah mika ow? where is your brother?
— — —
Elip ow, an older brother. Kahkwa ow,
fraternal; brotherly. Ow yaka klootch-
man, a sister-in-law. Ow yaka tenas
—
man, a nephew. Ow yaka tenas klootch-
—
man, a niece.
Order of the Words:
"There is no
settled authority in regard to the order
of the words in this language. They are
generally placed in much the same order
as they are in the language which the
speaker has been accustomed to use,
if he be not well acquainted with the
language. An English speaking person
will place them in much the same order
that he would in English, but there are
many phrases where this is not true,
the order of which must be acquired by
practice: for instance, halo nika kum-
—
tuks, not I understand, is far more
common than nika halo kumtuks. An
Indian who has learned somewhat the
English order, will arrange the words in
much the same way; but if the speaker
is an old Indian who knows but little
about English he will arrange them much
as he is accustomed to do in his native
tongue, which- is usually very different
from the English. As the tendency,
however, is not for the whites to learn
— —a
IT. 19
the native Indian languages, but for the
Indians to learn the English, so the
tendency is toward the English order of
—
the words." Eells.
Pahtl, adj. (C). (Chinook,-Patl.) Full.
Example: Fahtl-lum or paht-lum,
drunk. Pahtl chuck, wet. Fahtl ilia-
— dirty. Mamook pahtl, — to fill.
hie,
Kwanesum yaka pahtlum, — he is always
drunk. (Other ways of spelling pahtl:
Fartle; patl; patle; pattle.) (Fahtlum is
also spelled: Fahtllum; patlem; phat-
lum; pahtllam; partlelum; potlum; pot-
tlelum.)
Faint, or Pent, n., adj. (E). (English,-
Paint.) —
Mamook pent, to paint.
Papa, n. (English-idem). A father.
—
Ex.: Nika nanitsh yaka papa, T see his
father.
Fa-se'-se, or Fa'-see-sie, n. (C). (Chi-
nook,-Pasisi.) A
blanket; woolen cloth
Ex.: Yaka mitlite kwinnum paseesie, —
he has five blankets. Tzum paseesie,
quilt.
—
"Faseesee, is properly pronounced
with the accent on the second syllable.
You will see how very different the word
becomes if you attempt to accent the
Fa-'si-ooks, n., adj. (C). (Chinook,-
(French; a Frenchman. Ex.:
Ahnkuttie hiyu pasiooks man mitlite
yakwa, —
formerly many Frenchmen
lived here. (Mr. Hale supposed this to
be a corruption of the French word
Francais. It is, however, really derived
from the foregoing word, Fasisi, with
the terminal uks, which is a plural form
applied to living beings. Lewis and
Clarke (vol. 2, pp. 413) give Fashishe-
—
ooks, clothmen, as the Chinook name
for the whites, and this explanation was
also furnished me by people of that
tribe. It has since been generally re-
stricted to the French Canadians, though,
among some of the tribes east of the
Cascade Range, it is applied indiscrim-
inately to all the Hudson's Bay people.)
— Gibbs. (Other ways of spelling: Fah-
seooks; pasaiooks; pasaiuks; passaiooks;
pesioux; pesyooks; pasheshiooks; passi-
uks.) "The origin of some of the words
is rather whimsical. The Americans,
British, and French are distinguished by
the terms Boston, Kingchotsh (King
George), and Pasaiuks, which is pre-
sumed to be the word Francais (as
neither f, r, nor the nasal n can be pro-
nounced by the Indians) with the Chi-
nook plural termination uks added. The
word for blanket, paseesee, is probably
from the same source (francaises, —
—
French goods or clothing)." Hale. (See
Dutchman.)
 — — — — —

20 THE CHINOOK JARGON

Pe, or Pee, conj. (P). (Prencli,-Puis). pipil chako,— much blood came. Mahsh
And; but; Eells says and and out are its
only meanings. Gibbs and Hale give
pilpil,
rived
— to bleed; to menstruate.
from the foregoing).
(De-
(Lee and
then, besides, or. Hale says: "Only two Frost give pilpil, as red.)
conjunctions, properly speaking, are Fish, (E). Pish. Example: Mika
found in the language, Pe and Spose, — tikegh
n.
—
mahsh okoke pish, do you wish
often contracted to Pos. These two con- to sell that fish? Kah iskum pish, or
junctions form the only exceptions to
the rule that all the grammatical ele-
kah pish
pish, — to — milite,
troll;
—toa fishery.
fish.
Mamook
Muckamuck
ments of the jargon are derived from the kopa pish, bait.
proper Chinook language. The pronouns Pish-pish. (See Puss-puss.)
and the numerals are pure Chinook." Fit-lilh, or Fit-hlil', adj. (Quaere u.
Ex.: Yaka pe nika klatawa, he and I
will go. Yaka wawa
—
kahkwa pe nika
d. ). Thick in consistence, as molasses.
Piu-piu, n., v., inter j. (F). (French,-
wawa huloima,— he said so, but I said puer). To stink. Or from the sound oft-
differently. Pe weght, — and; also; be- en uttered expressive of disgust at a bad
sides. Pe kahta, and
what reason.
— why; for what; smell.
interjection.
A
skunk. Generally used as an
Example: Fiupiu! What
Peh'-pan, or Fapah, n. (English,-Pa- a bad smell there is! (Humm, is gener-
per). Paper; a letter; any writing-; ally used in sentences.)
book; message. Ex.: Mamook pehpah, Poh, v. (Chinook,-idem). (By onoma).
To write. Kloshe mika mamook papah To blow; a puff of breath. Mamook
kopa nika, — please to write a letter for —
poh, to blow out or extinguish, as a

lie tyee yaka papah,

ment.
——
me. Kumtuks papah, to read. Sagha-
the Bible; Testa-
candle.
Fo'-lak-lie, or Polakly, n.,
(Chinook, Polakli).— Night; darkness;
adj. (C).

Pel'-ton, or Pehlten, n., adj. (Jargon). dark; gloom. Example: Tenas polak-
A fool; foolish; crazy; absurd; insane.
—
Ex.: Kahkwa pelton, like a fool; hyas
lie, — evening; Hyas polaklie,
night; very dark; Sit-kum polaklie,
late at — —
—
pelton mika, you are very silly. (The ——
midnight (literally, the half night).
Indians adopted this word from the Alki polaklie chako, soon night will
name of a deranged person, Archibald come. Kimtah sitkum polukly, after —
Pelton, or perhaps Pelton, whom Mr. midnight, (Other spellings: Polack-
Wilson P. Hunt found on his journey to ley; polackly; polakle; polaklie; po like-
Astoria, and carried there with him. The ly; pollakle; poolakle; polukly).
circumstance mentioned by Franchere,
is Fo'-lal-lie, n. (Quaere French, Fou-
in his "Narrative," trans., p. 149.)"The dre). Gunpowder; dust; sand. Polallie
word
from
pehlten
"Filion,"
— crazy comes
insane,
the name
of an employee
— illahie, —
sandy ground. (The word is
certainly neither Chinook nor Chihalis.)
of the Hudson's Bay, who become insane. (Other ways of spelling: Folale, polal-
Between the French and English pronun- ly, polalely, pollalley, pollallie, poolala,
ciation of that name, the Indians made it pooale.)
pilio, pilian, and at last pehlten, and Poo, n. (By onoma,- (Hale). The
adopted the name to mean insane in sound of a gun. Mamook poo, to shoot; —
spellings:
ton).
—
general." Kamloops Wawa. (Other
Pelhten; pilten; piltin; pil- ——
Moxt poo, a double-barreled gun. To-
hum poo, a six-shooter. (Other spell-
ings: Po, poh, pu.)
Fe-shak', or Fe-shuk, adj. (N). (Noot- Pot'-latch, or Faht-latsh, n., v. (N).
ka,-Peshuk). (Nittinat,-idem). Bad. (Nootka,— Pahchilt, (Jewitt) Pachaetl. ;

(Mesachie is used for it on Puget Sound or Pachatl, (Cook). A gift; to give; al-
Fe-what -tie, adj. (C). (Chinook,-Pih- lot; cede; expend; pay; impart; restore.
wati). Thin, like paper, etc. Ex.: Cultus potlatch, a present or —
Pi'-ah, n., adj. (E). Fire; ripe; cooked; free gift; expecting no return; a dona-
mature; blaze; flame; burned; mellow.
Example: Mamook piah, to cook; to —
tion. —
Mamook potlatch, to make a pot-
— —
latch. Tikesrh potlatch, to offer. Note
burn.
— —
Fiah-ship, a steamer; piah olil-
ripe berries. Fiah chuck, —
whiskey.
"A great distribution of gifts; the larg-
est gathering and festival of the Indi-
lie,
—
Piah sapolill, baked bread. Fiah sick, —
— ans of the North Pacific Coast." Eells. —
the venereal disease. Sa^halie piah, "The potlatch was the greatest institu-
lightning. Shot olallia yaka piah alta,— tion of the Indian, and is to this day.
the huckleberries are ripe now. From far and near assembled the invited
Pil, adj. (C.) (Chinook.-Tlpelpel). guests and tribes and with feasting,
Red; of a reddish color. (Father Pan- singing, chanting and dancing, the boun-
dosy gives Filpilp as signifying red, in teous collection was distributed; a chief
the Nez Perce or Sahaptin, also.) Pil was made penniless, the wealth of a
la, — —
illihie,
gold.
red clay or vermillion. Pil dol-
—
Fil chickamin, copper. Pil
lifetime was dissipated in an hour, but
his head ever after was crowned with
—
kiuatan, a bay or chestnut horse.
Pil'-pil, n. (Jargon). Blood. Hiyu
the glory of a satisfied ambition; he had
won the honor and reverence of his peo-
 — — —— . — -

AND HOW TO USE IT. 21

pie. It was a beautiful custom; beauti- mon; religious talk;, gospel; religion.
ful in the eyes of the natives of high or
low degree, confined to no particular
Saghalie
above).
tyee (literally, the
God; Lord; Deity; Jehovah;
Chief —
tribe, but to be met with everywhere Providence. A term invented by the mis-
along the coast." The Siwash. tionaries for want of a native one. Alki
—
"Potlatch (noun) -That which is giv- nesika klatawa kopa saghalie, -soon we —
en, bestowed, bequeathed, given, etc., will go to heaven. Saghalie kopa, —
e., a gift. Always given with the ex- —
house, upstairs. Saghalie illahie, —
i.

pectation, greater or lesser, of a return.

—
Cultus potlatch, a purposeless gift, that
mountain. Tenas saghalie illahie, a hill.
(Other spellings: Sahale; sahali; sag-
—
is, outright with no expectation of re- halie; sahhahlee; sahhale; sahhali; sa-
turn. Potlatch, —
an old Indian feast and
custom, forbidden by law, characterized
hilli; sakahlee; sakailly; sakalie; sakal-
ly; sokallee; saukhale; and so on). Sag-
by extreme extravagance on the part of
the host or hostess in the bestowal of
halie piah, lightning. —Saghalie
nesika papa, yaka tenas, Jesus, pe yaka
tyee
gifts upon guests. Potlatch muckamuck, Holy Spirit,— the Trinity. Saghalie tyee
— To give food." Buchanan.— (Other —
papa, God the Father. Tillikums klas-
—
ways of spelling: Fotlash, potlatch, ka halo kumtuks kopa saghalie tyee,
potlach, potlatsh). Kloshe mika potlatch heathen.
nika wawa kopa yaka, to intercede. — Sail, or Sill, n. (English, — sail). A
Cultus potlatch tumtum, to advise;
counsel; to give advice or counsel.
— sail; or any cotton or linen goods. Cloth;
calico; sheet; flag. Example: Okoke sail
Kloshe kopa cultus potlatch, generous. — —
hyas cultus, that cloth is very poor.
Ipsoot potlatch dolla
bribe.
kopa tyee, to
—
Potlatch dolla, to give alms; to
——
Mamook sail, to make sail; Mamook
keekwillie sail, to take in sail; Tzum
pay. Potlatch kloshe wawa, to con- — —
sail,
—
printed cloth or calico. Snass sail,
gratulate; admonish. Potlatch kopa sag- oil cloth. (Other spellings: Seel, sel,
Potlatch
—
halie tyee, to dedicate; to consecrate.
kumtuks kopa mesachie, — to
sell, sil, sill).
So-kol'-eks, or Se-kol'-uks, n. (C).
warn; give warning. Potlatch mesachie
—
wawa kopa tillikums, to insult. Pot-
—
Chinook, tsakaluks, leggings)
sers; pantaloons; pants; breeches.
Trou-
Ex-
— .

latch muckamuck pe konaway iktas, — ample: Keekwillie sakoleks, drawers. ——

to support. Potlatch saglialie yaka wa- Okoke sakolleks hyas mahkook, these
— to—reprove;
wa, to preach. Potlatch skookum wawa, pants are very dear. Klahanie sakolleks,
exhort. Potlatch wawa, — — overalls. (Other spellings: Sakah-
to make a speech; to speak; to order. leks, sakaleks, sakalooks, sakaluks, sak-
Puk'-puk, n. (Probably an invented uleks, segalax, sekarlox, sekoluks, she-
word). A blow with the fist; a fist-fight. collon.)
—
Mamook pukpuk, to box; to fight with Sal-lal', n. (C). (Chinook, klkwu-
(Shelwell, of Lewis and Clarke).
—
the firsts. Pukpuk solleks,— to fight in shala.)
anger. The sallal berry; fruit of gualtheria
(E). A cat. (On Pu- Shallon.
Puss'-puss, n.
get Sound, pronounced Pish-pish.)
.

— Salmon, or Sam'-un, n. (English, —

Eells. Hyas pusspuss, a cougar. — idem). The salmon; fish generally. Ex-
ample: Mika tikegh mahkook salmon? —
do you wish to buy a salmon? Tyee sal-
mon, —
e., chief salmon, the spring sal-
i.

mon (salmo kwinnat, Rich.); Masahchie

salmon, a winter species (salmo canis,
Suckley) Tzum salmon,— salmon trout.
;

Salt, n., adj. (English,-idem). Salt,

Sagh'-a-lie,
(Chinook, — Sahhali,
sakhali ;
n., adj. (C).
Clatsop, ukhshak-— or a salt taste.
ocean.
Hyas salt chuck, the
Salt chuck, salt water; brine; — —
hali). Up; above; high; upper; celes- marine; the sea; waters of Puget Sound.
tial; uppermost; over; top; upwards;
heaven; sky. "Saghalie has been trans-
Salt chuck tupso, sea weed. —
San-de-lie, n., adj. (P). (Prench,-
lated by the Indians into nearly all their Cendre). Ash-colored. (Anderson). A
languages on Puget Sound; as, (Wis roan horse; roan-colored.
—(Tsitsl siam, — Clallam). (Klo-
sowulus, Twana.) Shuk siab,— Clal- Sap'-o-lill, n. (C). (Chinook,-Tsape-
lam).
kut — Upper Chehalis). Klokt — lil ) (Yakima, saplil bread.
Wheat; flour, or meal; a loaf;
—
Pan- ;
— — (

als,
Lower Chehalis). All of which mean the
als, dosy).
grain. Example: Hiyu sapolil milite, —
—
—
same. The Above Chief."Eells. Ex.: there is much flour. Piah sapolill,
——
Potlatch saghalie tyee yaka wawa, to baked bread. Lolo sapolill,— whole
preach. Saghalie tyee yaka book, the wheat. (The word has been erroneously
Bible; Scriptures; Testament. Sag-halie supposed to come from the French La
son.
—
tyee yaka tenas, Jesus Christ; God's
Saghalie tyee yaka illahie, heav- — farine. It is, however, a true Indian
w ord, and seems common to various Co-
7

en. Saghalie tyee yaka wawa, a ser- — lumbia river tribes. Pandosy gives Saplil
 —
)

22 THE CHINOOK JARGON

as Yakima for bread; Lewis and Clarke late siah, —
a great distance. Elip siah, —
write it Chapelell.) (Other spellings:
Chapalell; sapalel; sapolel; sapolill; sap-
farther. Elip siah kopa konaway,
est. Tenas siah,— a
farth-
little ways
— Wake
off.
pelail; sapplel; sapplil). siah, — not far; near. Wake siah kahkwa,
Se'-ah-host, or Se-agh'-ost, n.
—
(Chinook, Siakhost, the —
face).
(C).
The
— nearly so. Wawe —
siah kopa, about; ad-
joining; almost; around; by. (Other
face; the eyes; eyeball; countenance; spellings:
forehead. (Differentiate by gesture.) —
— Si-am,
Sia; saia; sciah; siar; siyah.)
n. (C). (Chinook.-Ishaiem.) The
Buchanan. Example Halo seahhost, grizzly bear. (Sometimes siam itchwoot.
blind. Icht seahhost, one-eyed.
:

—Lakit
seahhost (four eyes), or Dolla seahhost,
—Eells.)
Sick, adj. (English.-idem.) Sick. Ex-
— spectacles (or glass seahost). Nika ample: Sick tumtum, grieved; to feel—
nanitch yaka kopa nika seahost, I saw
him with my eyes. Chuck kopa seasost,
— with the heart; regret; worry; sorry;
jealous; unhappy; sad; heartache. Ma-
— tears. Lametsin kopa seahost, eye-
Tupso kopa seahost, bread. —— —
mook sick tumtum, to hurt one's feel-
water. ings. Sick kopa kwolan,— earache. Sick
(Other spellings: Seakose; searhost; —
tumtum kunamokst, to have sympathy.
seeahhoos; seeakhose; seeakose; seeouist;
seeowist; siahoos; sheaughouest; sia-
—
Cole-sick-waum-sick, fever and ague.
Sikhs, or Shikhs, Six, n. (C). (Chinook, -
host.)
Se'-ah-po, or Se-ah-pult, n. (P).
Skasiks
A
; Sahaptin.-Shikstua.
iriend; companion. (Used only to-
— Pandosy.
(Prench,-Chapeau.) A hat or cap. Ex-
ample: Klootchman seahpo, — a bonnet; —
—
wards men. Gibbs.) Example: Klahow-
ya sikhs, how do you do, friend. (Other
a woman's hot. Yaka seahpo mitlite ko- spellings: Six; seix; sex; shixe; siks;
pa yaka
Seahpult
latet, ——his hat on his head.
the raspberry.
is
(Other
shiks.)
olillie, Sin'-a-mokst, or Sin'-a-moxt, adj. (C).
spellings: Seahpolt, searportl, seeahpal, (Chinook,-Sinimakst.) Seven. Example:
siapool, siapult, seohpo.)
Self, n. (English,-idem.) Self. Ex-
Sinamokst man mitlite yukwa, seven
men are here. Tahtlum pe sinamokst,
— —
ample: Klaska
— self, — themselves. self,Me-
— seventeen. Sinamokst tahtlum, seventy. —
sika self, yourselves. Mika Sinamokst tukamonuk, seven hundred. —
yourself. Nesika self, ourselves. Mika— (Other spellings: Cinamust; senemokst;
self, —
myself. Yaka self, himself; her-
self; itself.
— senemoxt;
muxt.)
sennamox; sinamox; sina-

Shame, or Shem, n. (English,-idem.) Sis'-ki-you, n. Cree. (Anderson). A

Shame. Example: Halo shame, shame-
less. Halo shem mika?— aren't you
ashamed of yourself? Mamook shame,
to deride; disgrace; dishonor; ridicule.
Shan-tie, v. (P). (Prench,-Chanter.) To
sing*. (Other spellings: Shante, shartee,
sharty, shonta.)
Ship, n. (English,-idem.) A ship or
vessel. —
Stick ship, a sailing vessel.
—
Piah ship, a steamer. .Ship-man,— a
sailor.
Shoes, n. (English,-idem.) Shoes; skin
shoes; moccasins. Ex.: Stick shoes,
boots or shoes made of leather.
Shot, n. (English,-idem.) Shot; lead.
——
Ex.: Shot olillie, huckleberries. Okoke
shot hyas till, these shot are very
heavy.
Shu'-g-ah, or Shu'-kwa, n. (E). Sugar;
honey. Example: Halo shug-a mitlite,
there is no sugar. (Other spellings:
Shuga, shuka, sooka, sook, sugar.)
Si-ah', ad.i. (N). (Nootka,-Saia.) (Noot-
ka,-Sieyah, (Jewitt) Sky; hence perhaps
—
the afar. Gibbs.) Par; far off; afar;
away; distant; remote. (Comparative
distance is expressed by intonation or
— piece.
repetition; as, Siah-siah, -very far; (see
—
Ahnkuttie). Gibbs.) Jewitt gives Sieyah
as the sky in Nootka, which was per-
haps the true meaning, or, more prob-
ably, they called the sky "the afar."
Example: Alki nika klatawa siah, -soon
I will go far off. (Prolong the last syl-
lable and it means very far.
— bob-tailed horse. (Tolmie and Dawson
— give tshis-ki-you, sky;
—
—
aht, kaiook-
waht.) Editor. (This name, ludicrously
—
enough, has been bestowed on the range
of mountains separating Oregon and Cal-
ifornia, and also on a county in the lat-
ter state. The origin or this designa-
tion, as related to me by Mr. Anderson,
was as follows. Mr. Archibald R. Mc-
Leod, a chief factor of the Hudson's
Bay Company, in the year 1828, while
crossing the mountains with a pack
— train, was overtaken by a snow storm,
in which he lost most of his animals,
including a noted bob-tailed race-horse.
His Canadian followers, in compliment
to their chief, or "bourgeois," named
the place the Pass of the Siskiyou, an —
appellation subsequently adopted as the
— veritable Indian name of the locality,
and which thence extended to the whole
range, and the adjoining district.
Gibbs.) (See note under Tatoosh.)
Sit'-kum, n., adj. (C). (Chinook,-Sit-
kum (Anderson) ;Clatsop,-Asitko.)
half; a part; fraction; middle; some; a
A
Example: Delate sitkum, ex- ——
—more
actly half not a part. Elip sitkum,
a quorum;
— than half. Sitkum dol-
Sitkum sun, noon. —
la, half a dollar.
Elip sitkum sun, forenoon. — Kah sun
—
mitlite kopa sitkum sun, south. Tenas
— —
sitkum, a quarter, or a small part (not
often used). Sitkum bit, five cents. —
— Eells.) De- Si'wash, n., adj. (P). (Prench,-Sau-

AND HOW TO USE
vage.) An Indian; Indian; aborigines;
a savag-e; savage. Example: Hiyu si-
wash —
mitlite yukwa, many Indians are
here. Okoke siwash klootchman, that
is an Indian woman. Kumtuks kopa si-
—
wash, ethnology. Sitkum siwash,
half-breed. "The Siwash of
Sound (a general term applied to males
of all the tribes) and the Indians of the
entire North Pacific coast.") The Si-
(Walker says: "The
wash, pp. 10-11.
word is pure Indian and the one used
by the Wasco Indians, and probably by
the Klickitats, both of which tribes
originally ranged along the Columbia
river from the Cascades to The Dalles,
and whose languages are nearly
cal, to designate a human as
guished from an animal or other crea-
Probably 'people' is the nearest
ture.
word in English for it. After the com-
ing of the whites among them they
adopted the names 'Bostons, 'King
George,' 'Passieuks' (French), etc., re-
taining the word 'siwash'
tion to Indians. While undoubtedly the
Chinook Jargon was more or less of a
growth, yet I have been told by the
Wasco Indians that the language was
perfected and first written down by the
Catholic priests at the Dalles, and they
appear to have drawn quite freely from
the Wasco language in doing so.") "Out
of his canoe he is a fish out of water,
a sloth away from his natural sur-
roundings. He is like a seal on shore,
a duck on dry land, ungainly and awk-
—
ward." The Siwash.
Skin, n. (English,-idem.) Skin; a skin;
leather; hide; pelt; fur; buckskin. Skin
—
shoes, moccasins. Stick skin, the bark
—
of a tree. Dly skin, leather.
Skoo'-kum, or Skoo-koom, n., adj. (S).
(Chihalis.-Skukum.) Strong; a ghost;
an evil spirit or demon; able; solid; po-
tent; powerful; vehement; tight; violent;
tough. Example: Nika kuitan
skookum,— my horse strong. Delate
is
hyas skookum, — omnipotent.
kum, — strongeer.
Elip skoo-
Elip skookum kopa
konoway, — strongest. Halo skookum, or
Wake yaka skookum, — feeble; frail;
flimsy; impotent; infirm; languid; ten-
der; unable; weak; wavering; decrepit.
Skookum tumtum (adj., —audacious;
n.),
brave; bold; capable; daring; dauntless;
determined; earnest; indomitable; reso-
lute; robust; sanguine; solid; valiant;
boldness; courage. Skookum chuck,
swift water; a rapid. Skookum wawa,
to beg; beseech; boast; chide; demand;
exhort; implore; plead; rebuke; scold;
screech; scream; shriek; hulloa; urge.
(Other spellings: Skokoom, skukum,
shukum.) "Skookum Club," name giv-
en to Democratic Club of Seattle; also
name of a famous brand of cigar.
Sla-hal, n. (C). (Shinook,-Etlaltlal.)
Gibbs says it is a game played with
ten small disks, one of which is marked,
a —
IT. 23
and mamook slahal, is to play the game,
or gamble with them; while others say
— that they mean respectively a game and
("In Twana the
to gamble, in general.
word for the round disks is Jjahul; in
—
Puget
Nisqually, Lahallab; in Clallam, Slehal-
lum; in Lower Chehalis, Laliul; and in
Upper Chehalis, Lai. For the gambling
bones it is slahal in Twana and Nisqual-
— ly, and slehal in Clallam. Evidently on
account of the similarity of the words,
Slahal and Lahul, these words have been
confounded; mamook lahal being prop-
ertly to gamble with the disks; and ma-
mook slahal to gamble with the bones."
— Snass,
Eells.)
(Quaere u. d.). Rain. (The
identi- n.
distin- word is Chinook nor Chihalis,
neither
and is perhaps manufactured.) Ex-
ample: Halo nika tikegh klatawa kopa
—
snass, I do not wish to go in the rain.
Snass chako,— it is raining. Cole snass,
'
— snow.
Sol'-leks, or Sah'-leks, n., adj. (Quaere
for applica- u. d.). Anger; be angry; malice; hate;
hatred; hostile; indignant; morose; mad;
sulky; sullen; be mad. Example: Ma-
mook solleks, — to fight; resent; offend;
provoke.
Kumtuks
Tikegh
—solleks, — to be hostile.
to be passionate. Ha-
solleks,
lo solleks, — meek; mild; pleasant. Yaka
hyas solleks, — he very angry. Yaka
is
solleks. kopa nika, he mad at me.
is
Chako solleks, — to become angry; pro-
voked, or offended. Hyas solleks, — furi-
ous; rabid; full of vengeance or rage;
very angry. Hiyu solleks, — fury; rage;
vengeance.
growl.
Solleks wawa, — a quarrel;
(Other spellings: Saliks, salix,
sallix, sallux, silex, soleks.)
— So'-pe-na, v. (C). (Chinook,-T'sopena.)
To jump; to leap; hop; skip; spring-.
Spose, conj. (English,-Suppose). If;
supposing; that; provided that; in order
that. (Boas says it is more frequently
pronounced pos on the Columbia river;
yaka and that pos in Chinook means if; so
that spose may be explained as due to
folk etymology on the part of the trad-
ers, or pos as folk etymology on the
part of the Chinook. Gibbs.) — (Other
spellings: Pos, pose, spos.) Example:
Spose mika nanitsh nika canim, if you
see my canoe. Spose nika klatawa kopa
—
—
Chinook, if or when I go to Chinook.
—
Kahkwa spose, as if. (See Kloshe
spose.) Spose mika tikegh, nika klata-
— —
wa, if you wish I will go. Spose kopet
lakit tahtlum sun, Jesus yaka tikeg-h
— —
klatawa kopa Saghale, (literally) when
ended four ten days, Jesus he would go
to Heaven,— i. e., when the forty days
were ended, He desired to ascend to
Heaven. "A conditional or suppositive
— meaning is given to a sentence by the
words klonas, perhaps, and spose (from
the English 'suppose'), used rather in-
definitely. Ex.: Nika kwass nika papa
will die (lit., I
—
klonas mimaloose, I fear my father
afraid my father per-
 — -

24 THE CHINOOK JARGON

haps die). Spose mifca klatawa yahwa, counted from this; as, lent, Mokst, Klone
—
pe nika chaco kahkwa, if you will go —
sun kopet Sunday, one, two, three days
yonder, I will follow (lit., suppose you after Sunday. Saturday used to be
go that way, then I come the same)." called at the Hudson's Bay Company's
"It will be noticed that these two con- —
posts "muckamuck sun", food day, as
junctions form the only exceptions to the one on which the rations were is-
the rule that all the grammatical ele-
ments of the Jargon are derived from
sued.)
——
Gibbs. (Eells gives: "Hyas Sun-
day, a holiday, as Fourth of July:
Christmas. Mokst Sunday,— a fortnight.
the proper Chinook language. Only two
conjunctions, properly speaking, are —
Ikt Sunday, a week; but the word week
found in the language— pe, from the is rapidly taking its place.")
—
French word pues, and spose." Hale.
(English.-idem). A
Stick, n., adj.
stick; a tree; wood; wooden; vine; pole;
rod. Example:
—
stick,
—
Stick skin, bark. Ship
a mast. Mitwhit stick, — a stand-
T
shoes,— leather
—
ing tree. lent stick, a yard measure.
shoes or boots, as Tagh'-um, To'-hum, or Tugh'-um, adj.
Stick
distinguished from skin shoes or mocca- (C). (Chinook,-Takhum; Cowlitz,-Tuk-
sins.
— —
Kull stick, oak (hard wood). hum; Kwantlen,-Tukhum; Selish,-Tak-
Example: Tahtlum
Isick stick, the ash (paddle wood). kan.) Six. pe
tag-
Stock'-en, n. (E). Stocking's or socks. hum, — sixteen. Taghum tahtlum, — sixty.
(The Twanas have adopted it into their Taghum tukamonuk, — 600. (Other
spell-
—
language as stah-kid. Eells.) ings: Taghkum; taham; tahkhum; ta-
Stoh, adj. (Chinook,-idem). Loose. Ex- hom; tah"m: tohhum; tuchum; tughh-
—
ample: Mamook stoh, to untie; unloose;
undo. (Metaphorically, to absolve sins.)
Stone, n. (English,-idem). A rock or
halis, — ——
kam.) (Clallam, T'hung.
Tahum.) Eells.
Upper Che-
Tahl-kie, or Tahnl-kie, adv. (C). (Chi-
stone; bone; horn; the testicles; finger nook,-Tanlki.) Yesterday. Example:
nail; boulder.
min, ore.
Example: Stone chika-
—
Stone kiuatan, a stallion. — —
Yaka chako tahlkie, he came yesterday.
Tahlkie sun, yesterday. Icht tahlkie, —
—
Mahsh stone, to castrate. Stone ilia-
— day before yesterday. "Talki sun, yes- —
hie, —a mountain. T'kope stone, quartz;
any white stone.
Stote'-kin, adj. (C). (Chinook, -Stokt-
terday.
moon,
——
terday. Mox talki sun, day before yes-
Tomollah, tomorrow.
— last month. Talki waum
Talki
illahee,
kin.) Eight. Example: Tahtlum pe — last summer. Talki cole illahee, — last
stotekin,— eighteen. (Other spellings: winter." — Buchanan. (Other spellings:
Istoughtkin; sothin; stoghtkin; stopekin; Tahnkie; talke; talki; tanke; tanilkey;
stoktkekin; stotkin.) tantki; tanlke.)
Stutch'-un, n. (English,-Sturgeon). Taht'-lum, or Taht'-le-lum, or Tot'-le-
The Sturgeon. (Other spellings: Stuch- lum, adj. (C). (Chinook,-Tatlelum.) Ten.
un, stutchin, stogheon, stogeon, stutshin, (The combinations from this are simple.)
sturgeon.) Example: Moxt, klone, &c, Tahtlum, sig-
Sun, n. (English.-idem). The sun; a nifying twenty, thirty, &c. Tahtlum pa
day. Example: Sun yaka waum alta, — icht, &c, eleven, twelve, &c.
;

tahtlum-
—
;

the sun is warm now. Okoke sun, to- tahtlum, one hundred. (Other soellings:
—
day. Tahlkie sun, yesterday. (Ikt tahl- Eattathlelum; tahtelum; tahtih/.i; tart-
kie,
—
— day before yesterday.) Tenas sun,
early. Sitkum sun, —
noon. Wake siah
lum; tatlelam; tatlelom; tattelum; taugh-
lelum; tohtleum; totlum.)
sitkum sun,— almost noon. Ikt sun, — T'al-a-pus, n. (C). (Chinook.-Italipas;

—
sun, Wednesday.
—
Monday. Mokst sun, Tuesday. Klone
—
Lakit sun, Thurs-
ITakima.-Telipa (Pandosy). The coyote
or prairie wolf. A sort of deity or super-
day. Kwinnum sun, Friday.
—
—
sun, Saturday; (formerly muckamuck
Taghum natural being, prominent in Indian myth-
ology. A sneak. Eells gives, "Hyas
sun).
— —
Klip sun, sunset. Elip sitkum
sun, before noon; the forenoon. Kim-
—
opoots talapus, same as Talapus. Some
give Talapus as Coyote or Prairie Wolf
—
tah sitkum sun, after noon; the after-
noon.
and Hyas opoots talapus as Fox, and
some exactly the reverse, custom prob-
Sun'-day, or Sante, n. (English,-idem). ably being different according to lo-
Sunday; week. Example: Kloshe mika cality.")
chako kopa church house kopa Sunday, Ta-mah-no-us, n. (C). (Chinook.-Iti-
— please to cometo church on Sunday. manawas. A
sort of guardian or famil-
—
Sunday sail, a flag, because formerly
on Sunday the flag was raised at the
)

iliar spirit; magic; luck; fortune; any-

Hudson's Bay Company's posts. Ikt Sun-
— —
day, a week. Hyas Sunday, a holiday.
(A flag hoisted on a particular occasion
is sometimes also called Sunday. The
other days of the week are usually
thing supernatural; the spirits; a ghost;
goblin; idol; witch. "A name applied to
anything the Indians cannot understand.
A Tah-mah-na-wis man is a doctor,
priest, conjurer, and fortune-teller, a
dealer in magic and a maker and de-
 — — —

AND HOW TO USE IT. 25

stroyer of charms for good and evil, all wis is that when a person is sick some
in the same —
personage." Phillips. evil
body,
spirit has taken possession of the
sometimes more than one evil
("One's particular forte is said to be his
— —
Tamalinous.") Gibbs. Example: Ma-
mook tamahnous, to conjure; "make
spirit, and of different kinds. It was
always the duty of the ta-mahn-a-wis
medicine." Masahchie tamahnous, — doctors to find out what kind of a spirit
witchcraft or necromancy. Mr. Ander- had entered the body, and then by in-
son restricts the true meaning of the cantation and ceremony to drive it out."
word to conjuring. Halo yaka mitlite — The Siwash. "The Twana or Skoko-
—
tamahnous, he has no guardian spirit.
" 'Klale Tah-mah-na-wis,' the name of
mish tribe," pp. 32-40. Ta-mahn-a-wis
rattles, — madeteeth,
out of deer hoofs, bear
the secret society black magic."
of and beaver etc. (Other ways of
Phillips. "There were four kinds of ta- spelling: Tamahnawas, tamahnawis,
mahu-a-wis, sometimes spelled ta-mahn- tamahnowus, tamanawas, tamanoaz, ta-
vogue among
o-us, or spirit practices in manous, tomahnawos, tomanawos.)
the Twanas as there were among the Ta-mo'-litsh, or Ta-mow'-litsh, n. (C).
great family of Selish Indians in Wash- (Chinook.-Tamulitsh (Anderson); Yaka-
ington. The word ta-mahn-a-wis may ma,-Tamolitsh (Pandosy). A tub; bar-
be and was used in the sense of a noun, rel; bucket; cask; keg*. Example: Chuck
an adjective or a verb. As a noun it mitlite kopa tamolitsh, —
water is in the
means any kind of a spirit in the spirit
world from the Sahgr-ha-lie Tyee, or
barrel.
ure.
—
Icht tamolitsh, a bushel meas-
(Other ways of spelling: Tamoo-
supreme being, to the klail ta-mahn-a- lidge, tamolich, tamolich, tamolitch, ta-
wis, or devil, literally, black spirit. As moluck, tamoolitch, tamulidg-e.)
an adjective a ta-mahn-a-wis stick, Tanse, v., n. (English.-Dance.) To
stone, person, etc., is a thing or indi-
vidual with a ta-mahn-a-wis or spirit
dance. Example: Hiyu tanse alta, there
is much dancing now.
—
either of good or evil in it. As a verb Te-ah'wit, n. (C). (Chinook,-Tiawi;
It is used in the sense of invoking the Clatsop, -Klaawit). The leg-; the foot.
aid of spirits, as 'mah-mok ta-mahn-a- (Differentiate by gesture). Example:
wis.' The four kinds of ta-mahn-a-wis
of the Indians of the Twana tribe at walk;
— —
Klatawa teahwit, to go on foot; to
Klook teawit, Lame. (Other
least are: The 'ta-mahn-a-wis over the ways of spelling: Teeahnute, tearwit,
sick,' the incantations of the medicine teawhit, teiawit, teouit.)
men; the 'red ta-mahn-a-wis,' the 'black Ta-toos'h, To-toos'h, n. (Chippeway,-
ta-mahna-wis,' and the 'spirit land ta- Totosh (Schoolcraft.) "Tatoosh from
mahn-a-wis.' The sick ta-mahn-a-wis Cree or Otcipwe. The cognate words are:
was only practiced for the healing of Cree (Lacombe) totosim, mammelle, '

the sick. The red, or pill ta-mahn-a-wis,
was an assembling together, an invoca-
tion, in short, of the spirits for a good
season the following summer. It lasted
three or four days and consisted of sing-
ing, dancing, the beating of tom-toms,
drums and the decoration of the face
and limbs and body invariably with
streaks and spots of red paint. The
black, or klail ta-mahn-a-wis, was the
free masonry of the Twanas and was
without doubt the one great religion of
all religious practices among them. It
was a secret society to a very large
extent, and none but the initiated were
ever permitted to have anything to do
with it. Masks made in rude imitation
of the wolf head were used, and these
were called shway-at-sho-sin. The prac-
tice of the spirit land ta-mahn-a-wis
was associated with or founded on a
very pretty myth believed in by the old
Twanas to the effect that a year or two
perhaps before an Indian died he or she
lost his or her spirit. Spirits from other
places, always from below, would visit
the Indian and, quite unaware to the
person, would take and carry off the
spirit and sail with it to their abiding
place, there to hold it in captivity un-
less released by spirits from this life.
The theory of the medicine ta-mahn-a-
pis.' Otcipwe (Baraga) totosh,-breast,
dug, udder; Algonkin (Cuoq), totoc,
'mammelle.' " Chamberlain. The breasts
of a female; milk, bosom; breast; teat;
udder. Example: Kloshe tatoosh, —
cream. Tatoosh lakles, butter.
toosh gleese, butter. — Eells says the
—
Ta-
word milk is taking its place. (Tatoosh
Light House, Tatoosh Island and Ta-
toosh, near Cape Flattery, Clallam Coun-
ty, Wash.) NOTE: The words of a
Algonkian origin which are to be found
in the vocabulary of Chinook, as given
by the authorities, are consequently:
Xinnikinnik, [lelpishemo, mitass, Siski-
you, totoosh, wapatoo. Regarding the
etymology of these loan-words, the fol-
lowing may be said: Kinni-kinnik. De-
rived directly or indirectly from Otcipwe.
The cognates are Otcipwe (Baraga).
Kiniginige, 'I am mixing together some-
thing of diffirent kinds.' (Cuoq) kinik-
inisre, (meler ensemble des choses de
nature differente.' The radical is seen in
Algonkin (Cuoq) kinika, 'pele-mele'
Cree. Kiyekaw. (See supplemental vo-
cabulary). Lepishimo. This word evi-
dently consists of the French article le
and a radical [al pishemo. This latter
apishamon, 'anything to lie on; a bed:
corresponds to the Otcipwe (Baraga)
 — — — —-

26 THE CHINOOK JARGON

apishemo, 'I am lying on something.'
Compare the Western Americanism
yaka tenas man, —
a grandson. (Jewitt
gives Tanassis for a child in Nootka.)
apishamore which Bartlett (Diet, of
Americanism, 1877) thus defines: Apish-
Chikchik kopa tenas, a wagon for a
child: a baby carriage.
—
(Other ways of
amore (Chippeway, apishamon). Any- spelling: Tanarse, tanas, tanass, tanaz,
thing to lie down on: a bed. A saddle- tunas, tunass.)
blanket made of buffalo-calf skins, much Thousand, adj. (English,- idem).
used on the prairies." Mitass. Directly (Thousand is either represented by the
or indirectly (through French-Canadian)
The cognate
words tahtlum tukamonuk, ten hun-
—
dred or by the word Thousand. Eells.)
— —
from Otcipwe or Cree.
words are: Otcipwe (Baraga) midass: Example: Hiyu tillikums mitlite, klonas
Algonkin (Cuoq), mitas; Cree (Lacombe)
mitas. The word exists in Canadian- perhaps many thousand.
—
kunjih thousand, many people are here,
French in the form of mitasse. Dr. Tik-egh, or Tiky, v. (C). (Chinook,-
Franz Boas kindly informs me that tikekh). To want; wish; love; like;
"legging" in Chinook and Clatsop is choose; pick. "To want, to desire, —
imetas. (See supplemental vocabulary.) in all shades of meaning and intensity
Siskiyou. Though this word is assigned from simple desire or want to amorous
a Cree origin by Mr. Gibbs, its etymology and even lustful desire; also, therefore,
is very uncertain. Blackfoot sakhsiu, to love. Also, what one should or ought
"short" and Cree kiskikkuttew, "he cuts to want to do, as mika ticky muckamuck
in two" offer themselves for comparison, —
mika lametsin, you must take your
—
but with no certainty" Chamberlain. medicine. Mika halo ticky smoke, you
Tshis-ki-yu, sky, is given by Tolmie and must not smoke. Mika halo ticky wawa
Dawson in "Comparative Vocabularies of
the Indian Tribes of British Columbia" like that to me."
—
kahkwa kopa nika, you must not speak
Buchanan. "The fu-
— 53 B. (64, sky) Aht. (Kaiookwaht) — ture, in the sense of 'about to,' 'ready
Shaw. Wappatoo, under proper order in to,'is sometimes expressed by tikegh,
main alphabet, (q. v.) Papoose. Another which means properly to wish or desire.
word may be added to this list, viz.,
—
papus (papoose) child. This word is
Nika papa tikesrh mimaloose, my fath-
er is near dying, or
—
about to die."
used by the speakers of Chinook in East- Hale. Example: Okoke sun nika tikegh
ern British Columbia. The Algonkin
origin of the word has been disputed by
——
wawa, this day I will speak. Hyas
tikegh, to long for. Ikta mika tikegh?
some, but -there is every reason to be-
lieve that it is connected with the root
—
— what do you want? Yaka tikegh dolla,
he wants money. Nika tikegh nika
klootchman, — love my wife.
(Eliot) —
seen in the Massachusetts papeissiosu
'he is very small.; peisses
I
halo tikegh, — to loathe.
Delate
Elip tikegh, —
(Eliot) 'child'; pe-u (Eliot) 'it is small.' to prefer; choose; rather. Halo tikegh,
From this root there seems little doubt — averse; dislike; unwilling. Tikegh
that the word papoos or papoose found kumtuks, — to enquire; to wish to know.
in Roger Williams, and in Wood ("New (Other spellings: Takeh; teke; takeisrh;
England Prospect") has been derived, as tickey; tikeh; tiki; tikke; tikky; t'keh;
Dr. Trumbull has pointed out. These treh; tukegh.)
words were all heard by the writer in Til'-i-kum, or tilakum, n. (C). (Chi-
Western British Columbia in the summer nook,-tilikhum). People; relations; rela-
of 1891. Siskiyou was not heard and is tives; associate; family; folks; friends;
probably obsolescent." Alexander Fran- kin; kindred; band; tribe; fellow nation;
cis Chamberlain, "Words of Algonkian population; person. (Applied generally,
origin (in the Chinook Jargon), in Sci- it means those who are not chiefs. It
ence, Vol. 18, pp. 260-261. 1891. is also used to signify a tribe or band.)

ka,-Tanas;
n., adj. (N). (Noot-
Ten'-as, or Tan'as,
Tokwaht,-Tenes.) Small;
Example: Cultus tilikum, common or
insignificant persons. Huloima tilikum,
—
few; little; a child; the young- of any — strangers. Nika tilikum, my rela- —
— Yaka
animal. Petty; slight; pappoose; baby; klatawa kopa yaka
a mite. Example: Tenas snow chako, —
—
tions.
kums, he has gone to his people. Ahn-
tilli-

a little snow has come. Chako tenas kuttie tilikums, — ancestors; forefathers.
to decrease: diminish; lessen; become Eells gives "Nika tilikums, — my friends;
less. —
Hyas tenas, very small. Mamook my relations; so when preceded by the
—
tenas, to decrease; diminish; lessen.
— other pronouns, as mika, mesika, nesika,
Tenas ahnkuttie, lately; recently. klaska, yaka, it has reference to friends
——
Tenas hiyu, a few; some; several. Ten- or relations. Hiyu tilikums, a crowd; —
as hiyu times, sometimes. Tenas laly, a throng. (Other spellings: Telikom;
— an interval; a short time.
mahsh, — to move.
Tenas
Tenas polaklie, — tekum; tilacum; tilecum; tilicum; telli-
kum; tillikums (pi); tillicum; tillo-
evening; twilight; sunset; dusk; eve. chcum.)
Tenas yaka tenas, a
— —grand child. Mokst Til'-i-kum-ma-ma, n. (C). (Chinook,
nika tenas, I have two children. Tenas Tlkamama). A father. (The word is
 — — —

AND HOW TO USE IT. 27

not in use in Jargon. Hale.) — a mark; to mistake one's road; to make a

Till, or.Tull, adj., h. (English,-Tire). blunder in speaking; to err or blunder;
Tired; heavy; weight; a weight; a pound; deceive; false; illusive; deceitful. Ex-
fatigue. Example: Kansih till okook, ample: Okoke tseepie mamook, that is —
how much does that weigh? Mamook
till,— to weigh. Wake till,— light (not
a deceitful deed. Tseepie ooakut, to
take a wrong road. Mamook tseepie,
——
heavy). Mamook till tumtum, to trou-
Wake siah mimoluse kopa till,
— — to delude; dissemble; fool; deceive; mis-
take; (not quite so strong as Pelton or
ble.
exhausted. Nika hyas till, I am very — —
Kliminawhit. Eells.) Tseepie lalang, —
—
tired. Chako till, — to become tired; a slip of the tongue. Tseepie mamook,
fagged.
Tin'-tin, n. (By onoma). A bell; an
a trick.
nounce.
Tseepie wawa, to mispro- —
hour; a musical instrument. "When ap- Tshi'-ke, adv. (Quaere u. d.) Direct-
plied to a clock it means when the bell
rings, that is on the hour— therefore it
ly; soon. (Not jargon.) Hale. —
Tsi-at-ko, n. (S). (Chihalis, Nisqual-
means hour
ample:
— Buchanan.
or o'clock."
Mamook tintin, — to ring a
Ex-
bell.
ly, etc.,-idem; Clatsop,-Echiatku).
nocturnal demon, much feared by the
(A
Kunjih tintin alta? — what time is it Indians. The Skagits give this name to
now? (Among the Indians round the the "Couteaux," a tribe of Indians on
Hudson Bay Company's posts, the hours Frazer River, of whom they stand in
were thus known; as, Mokst tintin kopet
sitkum sun, two hours, two
like awe. —
Gibbs.)
i. e., bells Tsik'-tsik, or Tchik tchik, n. (By
after noon.) "Ikt tintin, one hour or onoma.) (See Chik-chik.) A wagon;
one o'clock. The same word also refers a cart; a wheel. Example: Tsiktsik
to a church bell and any kind of bell, as —
wayhut, a wagon-road.
well as the sound produced by it." Tsugh, n., v. (Chinook,-idem). A crack
—
Buchanan. Elip tahkum tintin, before
six o'clock. Kimtah tahkum tintin, — aft-
—
or split. Mamook tsugh, to split. Cha-
er six o'clock. Tahkum tintin, — six —
ko tsugh, to become split or cracked,
as by the heat of the sun. Mamook
o'clock; six hours. Wake siah tahkum tsugh illahie, is by some used instead
tintin, — almost six o'clock; not far away of klugh, for to plough.
from six o'clock. Tuk-a-mo'-nuk, or Tak-a-mo'-nak, adj.
T'kope, adj. (Chinook,-idem). White; (C). (Chinook,-Itakamonak.) A hun-
light-colored. Example: Okoke pish- dred. It is, like ten, combined with the
pish yaka t'kope, — thatpeople.
— white cat white. is digits; as, icht, moxt, klone takamonak,
T'kope tilikums,
spellings: Tecope; teecoop; tekop; te-
(Other — one hundred, two hundred, three hun-
dred, &c. Hyas tukamonuk, or tahtlum
kope; t'koop; la coope.) tukamonak, — a thousand. (Other spell-
Tlehl. (See Klale). ings: Ethacamunack; tacomonak; taka-
Tl'kope, v. (Chinook,-idem). To cut; monuk; takamunak.)
hew; chop. Example: Mamook tl'hop, Tum'-tum, n., v. (By onoma., from the
to cut; mow. Tl'kop ooakut, to sup- — pulsations of the heart. (Anderson). The
plant (to cut one's road). (W. W.^but heart; the will; opinion; intellect; inten-
is being superseded rapidly by the word tion; estimate; memory; mind; opinion;
cut.—Eells.
Toh, or Tooh. (By onoma). Mamook
plan; purpose; reason; soul; spirit; sur-
mise; thought; will. (Tumtum, as a —
toh, — to (A manufactured word).
spit. verb To think, to will, to believe, to
T'oke-tie,
(Not in
(Kalapuya).
common
adj. Pretty.
use.)
—
know. As a noun Thought, will, belief,
mind, opinion, knowledge, heart.) Bu- ——
To'-lo, v. (Kalapuya). To earn; to chanan. Example: Mahsh tumtum, to
win at a game; to gain; control; con- give orders (Gb). Mamook tumtum, to —
vince; manage; defeat; overcome; over- make up one's mind; decide; design;
throw; prevail; profit; prosper; subdue; muse; account; contemplate; think; plan.
subject; succeed; triumph. Example:
— Mamook kloshe tumtum, — to — make
Kansih dolla nika tola spose mamook? friends or peace. Sick tumtum, grief;
How many dollars will I earn if I work?
Yaka tolo mokst dollar, he earned two —
jealousy. Moxt tumtum nika, I am un-
decided, i. e., I have two wills.Q. Kah
—
dollars.
tolo yaka, —
—
Nika tolo, I succeeded. Nika
him. Wawa
prevailed over ——
nesika klatawa? where shall we go? A.
Mika tumtum, wherever you please; as
I
pe tolo, — to
persuade.
To'-luks, n. (Clallam,-Toyuk). The
you will. Ikta mika tumtum? what do
you think? Halo tumtum, without a
The heart
——
mussel. (Used on Puget Sound only.) will of one's own, as a child.
To-mol-la, adv. (English,-to-morrow). seems to be generally regarded as the
To-morrow. Ikt tomolla, or kopet to- seat of the mind or will. Iskum kopa
—
molla, day after to-morrow. —
tumtum, to believe. Klap tumtum, to—
decide; recollect; remember. Mahsh tum-
To-wa'gh, adj. (C). Chinook,-Tow-
akh). Bright; shining; light.
tum
—
tum, to forget, (Eells). Mamook tum-
— to anticipate. Mitlite kloshe
Tsee, adj. (Chinook,-idem). Sweet. elip,
Tsee'pie, v., adj. (Kalapuya). To miss tumtum kopa, to admire. Skookum turn-
 — - — — aI

28 THE CHINOOK JARGON

trim, —
bold; boldness; brave; capable; empress; queen; matron of an Indian
audacious; courage; determined; earnest. school; a woman of authority. Tyee kopa
—
Kahkwa nika tumtum, so I think. Blind
kopa tumtum, — ignorant. Chako kloslie
—
newspaper, an editor. Tyee kopa town,
tumtum, — to be delighted or reconciled.
— a mayor.
mon.
Tyee salmon, spring sal-—
Chako sick tumtum, — to repent; repine; Tzum, or T'ss-zum, or Tsum, n., adj.
become sorry or sad. Delate hyas sick (Chinook,-idem). Mixed colors; spots or
tumtum, — agony. Heeliee tumtum — jolly. stripes; a mark or figure; writing; paint;
Halo iskum kopa tumtum, — to disbelieve; painted; picture. Example: Yaka tzum
unbelief. Yutl tumtum, — glad spirits; —
kopa yaka stick "S", his brand on his
happy spirits; proud spirits; rejoice, etc.; logs is "S." Klale chuck kopa mamook
glad heart; happy heart, etc. (Tumtum,
— Heart, mind, will, opinion, belief, spirit
tzum, ink. Mamook
tzum, to write;
print; stamp; stain; paint; dye; mark;
—
— —
the animal spirits, not supernatural
— record; copy; subscribe; indite; endorse;
ones mood, etc.
— —Marsh tumtum, to
cast out of mind, i. e., to forget. Ma-
engrave. ——
Tzum illahie, blazed or sur-
veyed land. Tzum seahost, photograph;
mook kloshe tumtum, to make or to
cause good feeling.) — Buchanan.
profile;postage stamps. Tzum stick, —
Halo
klap tumtum, — to be puzzled; undecided.
lead pencil; a pen. Tzum pish, a spot-
ted the trout. "When the letter T'
—
Halo proud tumtum, — lowly; humble.
fish,

Halo sick tumtum kopa yaka nesachie, —

is followed by the apostrophe, as above,
the sound of the T is 'tiss' as nearly as
impenitent. Halo skookum tumtum, — ir- it can be written, thus making a syllable
resolute; cowardly; not brave. Halo tum-
tum, — dull; thoughtless. Halo tumtum
of itself, as tiss-so-lo, for t'solo."
lips.
Phil- —
kahkwa, — to disagree; disbelieve. Hyas
tumtum, — pompous. Kloshe kopa nika
tumtum, — beloved. Mamook tumtum ko-
pa hook or papah, — to study.
kloshe tumtum, —
lighted; to enjoy.
— to
to
Mitlite
be contented; de-
Mitlite kopa tumtum,
remember; recollect. Nika tumtum
w
halo yaka chako kahkwa, unexpected;
chance; an accident. Wake kopet tum-
— Wagh,
pour; to
v. (Chinook,-wakh.)
(C).
vomit.
spill; to
To
— —
tum, to remember.
tumtum, to reconsider.
Weght mamook Wake, adv. (N). (Nootka, wik; Tok-
waht, wek.) No; not; none; the nega-
Tum-wa'-ta, n. (Turn, by onoma. Eng- tive. See Halo. Example: Wake nika
—
;

lish, Water). A
waterfall, cascade or kumtuks, I do not understand. Wake
cataract. (Lewis and Clarke give Timm —
delate kopa nanitch, indistinct; indis-
—
as used by the Indians above The Dalles tinguishable. Wake klaksta, none; no-
of the Columbia in directing them to
the falls.) Under the spelling of Turn-
body.
lacking; rare;
—
Wake hiyu, few; insufficient;
scarce; seldom; scant;
water it is the name of a place in Thurs-
ton County, Wash.
scanty; deficient. Wake kloshe, mean;
unkind; improper; inconvenient; untrust-
—
Tup'-shin or Tip'-sin, v. (S). (Chiha- worthy; nasty; naughty; wrong. Wake
lis,-Tupshin.) A Needle. Mamook tip- siah, —
not far; near; almost adjoining.
—
sin, —
to sew; to mend; to patch. Wake kloshe kopa mahkook, unsalable.
Tup-so, or Tip'-so, n. (C). (Chinook, —
Wake siah kopa, about; around; by.
Tepso.) A leaf; grass; leaves; fringe;
feathers; fur; hair. Often but incor- — — Wake siah yahwa, thereabouts. Wake
skookum, feeble; flimsy; frail; languid;
rectly employed for Yakso, hair.— Ex-
ample: Tipso illahie, — prairie. Dely tip-
impotent; infirm; tender; delicate; un-
able; wavering; weak. Wake skookum
so, hay. Klosh tupso, — flowers; blos-
soms; pansy; violet; rose. Tupso kopa
— kopa, impossible;
Wake skookum tumtum, — irresolute.
unable; inability.

latet, — hair. Tupso kopa seahost,— Wake wawa, — dumb; mum; mute. Note.
bread. — "Many of the Jargon words, though en-
Ty'-ee, n., adj. (N). (Nootka,-Taiyi; tirely different, yet sound so much alike
Tyee (Jewitt). A
chief; gentleman; offi- when quickly spoken, that a stranger is
cer; superior; boss; foreman; manager; apt to get deceived; and I have known
Indian agent; king; emperor; president. persons who did not well understand the
(Anything of superior order.) Example: Jargon get angry with an Indian, think-
-
—
—
Saghalie tyee, the Deity. Tyee salmon,
the spring salmon. (Tyon is given by
ing he had said something entirely dif-
ferent from what he actually did. The
gome of the northwestern voyagers as words wake, no, and wicht, directly or
the Eskimo appellation for chief.) Kah- after, sound as pronounced, very similar.
kwa tyee,
kopa Washington,
— kingly;— thearistocratic. Tyee
President of the
—
Chako, hiac, chako, come quick! come,
said a settler one day to an Indian who
United States. (Other spellings: Tai;
taii; tie; tye; tyeyea; tyhee.) Tyee court,
was very busy. Wicht nika chako,
will come directly, said the Indian. But
—
— supreme court. Tyee klootchman, — the white man understood him to say,
 —

AND HOW TO USE IT. 29

Wake —
nika chako, I will not come, con- to throw away the talk as well as to
sequently got angry. You don't under-
stand Indian talk; I did not say I would
throw the talk at a person. Eells.)
Potlatch —
wawa- to speak; make a
—
not come, said the Indian. If he had
said Narwitika, yes, the white man
speech. Potlatch skookum wawa, to
beg; beseech; boast; chide; demand; ex-
—
would have understood." Judge Swan.
(Wicht means, again, also, more, the
— hort; plead; roar; shriek; rebuke; re-
prove; implore; exclaim; scold. Cultus
word is also spelled weght, wagt, weht,
weh't, weltch, weqt, and wought.) Shaw. — ——
wawa, idle talk; stuff; nonsense. Hyas
wauwau, to shout; boast; talk loud;
Wap'-pa-too, or wap'-a-to, n. (Quaere
u. d.) The root of the Sagitaria sagitti-
loud talk. Wawa halo, to deny; de-
cline; object; refuse. Wawa klimina-
—
folia, which forms an article of food.
The potato. "Chamberlain says, 'from
—
whit, to lie; tell a falsehood. Wawa
kloshe,— to bless; speak well; recom-
Cree or Otcipwe. The cognate words mend. Wawa kloshe chako, — to invite;
are: Cree (Lacombe) wapatow, 'cham- call. Wawa kloshe wawa, — to eulogize;
pignon blanc;' Otcipwe (Baraga), waba- bless. Wawa kopa, — to accost. Wawa
do, "rhubarb," Algonkin (cuoq) wabato, kopa Saghalie Tyee,— to pray; worshio;
'rhubarbe du Canada.' It is in all prob- invoke; prayer. Wawa kopet, — be still.
ability a derivative from the root wap Wawa nawitka, — to acknowledge; allow;
(wab), 'white.' ") "The word is neither assent; consent; permit.
Chinook nor Chihalis, but is everywhere Wayhut, Hwehkut, or Weehut, — see
in common
"Since the
use."— Gibbs. Eells says:
introduction of the potato
Ooakut.
Week, (E). A week. "It
n. is steadily
the latter has been called wapato, and taking the place of Sunday for week,
the former siwash waptao." (Other though seldom
I heard it eighteen years
spellings: Wapatoe; wahpitto; wapetu; ago." — Eells.
Weght, adv.
wappato; wappatoe; wappatoo.) (C). (Chinook,-idem.)
Wash, v. (English,-idem.) Example: Again; also; more. Ex.: Pe nika weght,
Mamook wash, — to wash. Iskum wash, — —— —
and I too. Pahtlatsh weght, give me
— Washington,
to be baptized.
Congress; the
(E).
some more. Tenas weght, a little more
yet. Weght nika klatawa, again I will
n.
City of Washington; the Indian Depart- go. "Weght —
chako, to reassemble.
ment at Washington. Example: Wash- Weght klatawa boat, (or ship), — to re-
ington potlatch law kopa nesika, may — embark. Weght klatawa Saghalie, — to
mean that congress has made a law remount. Weght mamook tumtum, — to
for us, or that the Indian Department reconsider.
has done so. Win'-a-pie, adv. (N). (Nootlra; Nitti-
Waum, adj. Warm. Example:
(E). nat,-Wilapi.) By-and-bye; presently;
Okoke sun yaka waum, — today is warm. wait. Of local use; the Chinook "alki"
Waum illahee, — summer. Hyas waum,
—hot. being more common.

and ague.
Waum sick, cole sick, — fever Wind,
Wind; breath;
or Win,
air;
n.
(The
(English,-idem).
atmosphere.
Wawa, or wau-wau, (N). (Noot-
v. n. winds are often known by the country

— — —
ka, Nittinat, wawe. Gibbs. Chinook, from which they blow; as, for instance,
— a wawa. Boas.) To talk; speak; call;
ask; tell; answer; enquire; declare; sa-
on the Columbia, an easterly is a Walla-
walla wind; at the mouth of the river,
lue; announce; talk or conversation; con- a southerly is a Tilamooks wind. <&rc.)
See Chinook wind. Breath. Examiole:
verse; apply; articulate; alleere; assert;
blab; gab; chatter; communicate; argue; —
Halo wind, out of breath; dead. Wind
yaka skookum alta, the wind is very—
gossip; demand; discuss; express; ex-
strong now. Mahsh konoway yaka wind.
claim; hint; interrogate; lecture; men-
tion; narrate; proclaim; profess; pro-
— to die; dead. Mitlite wind, to be
alive; to have breath. Wake siah mahsh
—
pose; question; relate; remark; report;
request; say; solicit; message; an anec-
—
yaka wind, almost dead. Wind chako,
Wind chako halo, to stop —
to blow.
dote; exclamation; oration; legend; blowing.
question; tale; sermon; speech; voice;
harangue; inquire; jabber; mutter; sup-
plicate; declamation; mandate; narra-
tive; precept.

——
Example:
wawa? what did you say?
Ikta mika
Delate
wawa, to promise; aver; a fact; truth.
—
Hiyu kloshe wawa, cheer. Hiyu wawa,
Y
— clamor; argument; much talk; to
argue; acclaim. —
Kilapie wawa, to an-
Yah'-ka, Ya'-ka, or Yok'-ka, pron. (C).
(Chinook,-Yaka.) He; his; him; she; it;
—
swer; reply. Kloshe wawa, a proverb;
good talk. Kumtuks wawa, — to be elo-
hers; its; him; her. (Anything pertain-
ing to the third person, singular num-
rment. Mahsh wawa, — to order: give to ber.) The word yaVa is aften used
orders; command. (Also to disobey, i. e., somewhat tautologically, as, instead of —
 — —— —

30 THE CHINOOK JARGON

saying, —
Okoke kiutan t'kope, the horse
(is) white, the expression would be,
or tale; to tattle; to preach.
Youtl, or Yutl, adj. (Quaere Chihalis,-
(is) white.
—
Okoke kiutan yaka t'kope, the horse, it
This use of yaka is very
Eyutlh; Nisqually,-Juil.) Glad; pleased;
proud; (of a horse), spirited. Example:
— —
common. Eells. Example: Yaka klata-
wa, he has gone. Nanitch yaka, see
—
Okoke yaka kuitan, that is his
—
Hyas youtl yakka tumtum, his heart is
very glad; he is much puffed up. "Ulthl
him. means proud, and ulticut long, but they
horse. Kopa yaka, his;—hers; its. Yaka
—
kumtuks muckamuck whiskey, a drunk-
are readily confounded with each other."
— Judge Swan.
ard. Yaka self,
— —
himself; herself; itself.
Yakas, his; hers; its.
Youtl'-kut, adj., n. (C). (Chinook,-
Yutlkut.) Long (in dimension); length.
Yah'-wa, adv. (C). ( Chinook,- Yawakh.) Example: Okoke stick hyas youtlkut.
There; thither; thence; beyond; in that
place; that side; that way; yonder. Ex-
—
Note. "A friend of mine, who was about
leaving the Bay, wished to tell some In-
—
ample: Yahwa yaka mitlite, there he dians who were working for him that
is.
—
siah Yahwa, thereabouts.
—
Ikt yahwa, ikt yahwa, apart. Wake if, on his return, he found they had be-
haved well, he should feel very proud of
Yak'-so, n. (Chinook,-idem). (See tup- them and glad, used the following: Ulti-
so.) The hair of the head; hair gener- cut nika tumtum, or, my heart is long,
ally. Example: Yaka yakso chako halo, instead of ulthl nika tumtum, or, my
— his hair
(Tupso is
is gone.
all (See tupso.)
used more than yakso. — Eells.)
heart is proud. 'He must have a funny
heart,' said the Indian who related it to
(Other spellings: Iakso, yaksoot.) me. 'He says his heart is long; perhaps
Ya-kwah'-tin, or Kwah'-tin, n. (Chi-
nook & Clatsop, -Yakwatin.) The belly;
it is like a mouse's tail.' —
" Judge Swan.
the entrails; stomach; bosom. Example: Yout-skut, or Yutes'-kut, adj. (C).
Yaka sick kopa yaka yakwahtin, he has— (Chinook,-Yutskuta.)
sion).
Short (in dimen-
the stomach ache. Keekwulee yakwatin,
—Yaub.
entrails.
(See Lejaub.)
Yuk'-wa, or Yah'-kwa, adv. (C). (Chi-
nook, -Yakwa.) Here; hither; this side
Yi'-em, v., n. (S). Chihalis,-Yaiem.) A of; this way. Example: Yukwa kopa
story; tale; anecdote; to relate; to tell
Chako yukwa,
—— come
okook house, this side of that house.
here.
a story; to confess to a priest; a story
 INDEX
Vocabulary Words

Huloima, other; another.

Ahnkuttie, formerly; ago.
Hnmm; bad odor.
Huyhuy, exchange; bargain.
Alki, soon. Hyak, swift; fast; hurry.
Alta, now. Hyas, great; very.
Ats, younger sister. Hyiu, much.

Boat, boat. Ikpooie, to shut.

Book, book. Ikt, one; once.
Boston, American. Iktah, what.
By-by, by-and-by. Iktas, things.
Illahee, land.
Inapoo, louse.
Canim, canoe. Ipsoot, to hide.
Capo, coat. Isick, a paddle.
Chako, to come. Iskum, to take; receive.
Chee, lately. Itlokum, the game of "hand.
Chikamin, metal; monej r
. Itlwillie, flesh.
Chikchik, wagon. Itswoot, a bear.
Chinook, see (Chinook Indians).
Chitsh, grandfather.
Chope, grandmother. Kah, where; whence; whither.
Chuck, water. Kahkwa, like; similar to.
Cly, to cry. Kahpho, elder brother.
Cole, cold; winter; year. Kahta, how; why; what.
Cooley, to run. Kalitan, arrow; shot.
Cosho, hog. Kalakala, a bird.
Court, court. Kamas, scilla esculenta.
Cultus, worthless; nothing. Kamooks, a dog.
Kapswalla, to steal.
Katsuk, middle.
Delate, straight; direct; true. Kaupy, coffee.
Dly, dry. Keekwulee, low; below.
Doctin, doctor. Kilapi, to turn; return; upset.
Dolla, dollar; money. Kimta, behind; after.
Dutchman, German. King* Chautsh, English.
Kishkish, to drive.
Kiuatan, a horse.
XIah, free; clear; in sight.
Elip, first; before. Klahanie, out of doors; out.
Bnati, across. Klahowya, the common salutation.
Klahowyum, poor; wretched.
Klahwa, slow; slowly.
Get-up, rise; risen. Klak, off; out; away.
Glease, grease. Klaksta, who? what one?
Klale, black.
Klaska, they; their; them.
Hahlakl, wide; open. Klatawa, to go.
Halo, not; none. Kliminawhit, a lie.
Haul, to haul; pull. Klimmin, soft; fine.
Heehee, to laugh; laughter. Klin; deep.
Help, to help. Kliskwiss, mat.
Hoolhool, mouse. Klonas, perhaps.
House, house. Klone, three.
Hullel, to shake. Kloshe, good.
32 THE CHINOOK JARGON
Kloshe-spose, shall or may I. Mahlieh, to marry.
Klootcliman, woman; female. Mama, mother.
Ko, to reach; arrive at. Mamook, action; to work; to make; to do.
Kokshut, to break; broken. Man, man; male.
Konaway, all; every. Melass, molasses.
Kopa, to; in; at; etc. Memaloost, to die; dead.
Kopet, to stop; leave off. Mesachie, bad.
Kow, to tie; fasten. Mesika, you; your; yours.
Kull, hard. Mika, thou; thy; thine.
Xullaghan, a fence. Mimie, down stream.
Kumtuks, to know. Mitlite, to sit; remain; to be; have
Kunamokst, both. Mitwhit, to stand.
Kunjih,how many. Mokst, two.
Kwahnesum, always. Moola, a mill.
Kwahtah, a quarter. Moolack, an elk.
Kwaist, nine. Moon, moon; month.
Kwann, glad. Moosmoos, buffalo; cattle.
Kwass, afraid. Moosum, to sleep; sleep.
Kwinnmn, five. Mowitsh, a deer.
Kwolan, the ear. Muckamuck, food; to eat.
Musket, musket; gun.
La boos, or La push, mouth.
N
La caset, a box. Na, the interrogative particle.
La cloa, a cross. Naha, a mother.
La gome, pitch; gum. Nah, inter j., look here!
La hash, an axe. Nanich, to see; look.
Lahb, the arbutus uva ursi. Nawitka, yes; certainly.
Lakit, or Lokit, four. Nem, a name.
La lahm, an oar. Nesika, we; us; our.
La langr, the tongue. Newhah, here; come here.
Laly, time. Nika, I; me; my; mine.
La messe, ceremony of the mass. Numerals,
La metsin, medicine. Nose, the nose.
Lammieh, or Lummieh, an old woman.
La monti, a mountain.
La peep, a tobacco-pipe. Okoke, this; that; it.
La pellah, roasted. Olallie, berries.
La plash, board. Oleman, old man; old.
La pome, apple. Olo, hungry.
La pote, door. Ooakut, or Wayhut, road; way.
La tet, the head. Opoots, tail.
Law, law. Ow, younger brother.
La wen, oats. Order of the words.
Le bal, ball.
Le jaub, the devil. Fahtl, full.
Le kleh, key. Faint, paint.
Le mah, hand. Fapa, father.
Le mel, mule. Fasese, blanket; woolen cloth.
Le molo, wild. Fasiooks, French; a Frenchman.
Le mooto, sheep. Fe, and; but.
Le pee, foot. Fehpah, paper.
Le plet, priest. Felton, a fool; insane.
Le sak, bag. Feshak, bad.
Le whet, a whip. Fiah, fire.
Lice, rice. Fil, red.
Liver, river. Filpil, blood.
Liplip, to boil. Fish, fish.
Lolo, to carry. Fiupiu, to stink.
Lowullo, round. Foh, to bloy; a puff of breath.
Lope, rope. Folaklie, night.
Lum, rum; whiskey. Folallie, gunpowder; sand.
M Foo, the sound of a gun.
Fotlatch, a gift; to give.
Mahkook, to buy. Fukpuk, a blow with the fist.
Mahsh, to sell; to leave. Fusspuss, cat.
Mahsie, thanks.
Mahtlinnie, off shore. s
Mahtwillie, in shore. Saghalie, above; up.
 AND HOW TO USE IT. 33

Sail, sail; cloth; flag. Thousand, thousand.

Sakoleks, trousers. Tikegh, to want; to love.
Sallal, the sallal berry. Tiktik, a watch.
Salmon, salmon; fish. Tilikum, people; relations.
Salt, salt. Till, tired; heavy.
Sapolill, wheat; flour. Tintin, bell; o'clock.
Seahhost, face; eyes. T'kope, white.
Seahpo, hat. Tl'kope, to cut.
Self, self. Toh, spitting.
Shame, shame. Tolo, to earn; gain. •

Shantie, to sing. Tomolla, tomorrow.

Ship, ship. Totoosh, see tatoosh.
Shoes, shoes. Towagh, bright, shining.
Shot, shot. Tsee, sweet.
Shugah, sugar. Tseepie, to mistake.
Siah, far. Tsiatko, a nocturnal demon.
Siam, the grizzly bear. Tsiktsik, see chik chik.
Sick, sick. Tsugh, a crack, or split.
Sikhs, a friend. Tukamonuk, hundred.
Sinamokst, seven. Tumtum, the heart; will; mind.
Siskiyou, a bob-tailed horse. Tumwata, water fall.
Sitkum, half; part. Tupsshin, needle.
Siwash, Indian. Tupso, grass.
Skin, skin. Tyee, chief.
Skookum, strong. Tzum, spots; writing.
Slahal, a game; to gamble.
Suass, rain. W
Solleks, angry; anger. Wagh, to pour out; to vomit.
Sopena, to jump. Wake, no; not.
Spose, suppose; if. Wapatoo, potato.
Stick, stick; wood. Wash, to wash.
Stocken, stocking. Washington, Washington.
Stoh, loose; to untie. Waum, warm.
Stone, stone. Wawa, to talk.
Stotekin, eight. Wayhut, see ooakut.
Stutchun, sturgeon. Week, a week.
Sun, sun; day. Weght, again; also; more.
Sunday, Sunday; week. Winapie, soon; presently.
Wind, wind; breath; life.
Y
Tag-hum, six. Yahka, he; she; it; his; etc.
Tahlkie, yesterday. Yahwa, there; thence.
Tahtlum, ten. Yakso, hair.
Talapus, coyote; prairie wolf. Yakwahtin, entrails.
Tamahnous, magic; the spirits. Yiem, a story; to relate.
Tamolitsh, barrel; tub. Youtl, proud; pleased.
Tanse, dance. Youtlkut, long.
Tatoosh, milk; breast. Youtskut, short.
Teahwit, leer; foot. Yukwa, here.
Tenas, small; few; little.
 SUPPLEMENTAL VOCABULARY
Less Familiar Words— Not 5trictly Jargon— or of Only Local Use

AV-ba, (?), well then.

Ad-de-dah\ (S), exclamation of pain, Ik'-ik, (C), fish hook.
sorrow, surprise. It'-lan, (C). a fathom.
Ah-ha, (C), yes.
Al-ah, (J), expression of surprise.
A-mo'-ta, (C), strawberry. Xah-de-na, (C), to fight.
An-a'h, (J), exclamation of pain or dis- Xaa'-kali,(J), a crow.
pleasure; ah! oh! fie! Kah'-na-way, (C), acorns.
Ats, (C), a sister younger than the Xahp-ho, (C), an elder brother, sister, or
speaker. cousin.
A-yah'-wnul, (S), to lend; to borrow. Kal-ak-a-lah'-ma, (C), a goose.
Kal-a-kwah'-tie, (C), inner bark of the
cedar; woman's petticoat of bark.
Be'-be, (F), a kiss; to kiss. Ka-mo'-suk, (C), beads.
Bit, (E), a dime, or shilling. Ka-wa'k, (S), to fly.
Bloom, (E), broom. Kaw-ka-wak, (C), yellow or pale green.
Bur-dash, (Canadian F), an hermaphro- Keep'-wot, (C), needle; pin; thorn; sting
dite. of an insect.
Xeh-loke, or Kaloke, (C), a swan.
Keh'-see, (C), an apron.
(F), a rifle.
Cal'-li-peen, Xeh-wa, (?), because.
Chak-cnak, (C), the bald eagle. Kes'-chi, (C), notwithstanding; al-
Chet'-lo, (S), oyster. though.
Chet-woot, (S), black bear. Xet-ling-, (E), kettle; can; basin.
Chil-chil, or Tsil-tsil, (C), buttons; the Kil-it'-sut, (C), flint; bottle; glass.
stars. Kinni-kinnik, smoking weed (mixture).
Chitsh, (S), a grandmother. See note under Tatoosh, main vocabu-
Chope, (S), a grandfather. lary.
Cho'-tub, (S), flea. Xi'-nootl, (C), tobacco; smoking.
Chuk-kin, (S), to kick. Ki'-wa, (Wasco), crooked.
Comb, (E), a comb. Ki'-yah, (S), entrails.
Coop'-coop, (C), small dentalium, or Xlak'-wun, (S), to wipe, or lick.
shell money. Kla'-pite, (C), thread; twine.
Cou-lee, (F), a valley. Xla-whop, (C), a hole.
Klem'-a-hun, (S), to stab, wound, spear.
Klilt, or mile, (C), sour; bitter.
Be'-na, (C), beaver. Klik'-a-muks, (C), blackberries.
Ek-kah-nam, (C), tale; story. Klik'-wal-lie, (C), brass wire; brass arm-
let.
Ek-ko-li, (C), whale.
Ek'-keh, (C). brother-in-law. Kloh-kloh, (C), oysters. See chetlo.
E'-la-han, (S), aid; assistance; alms. Klook, (E), crooked.
E-li'te, (C), a slave. Kluh, or Klug-h, (C), to tear; to plow.
E-salfh, or Ye-salt'h, (Wasco.), Indian Kluk-ulh', (C), broad, or wide, as of a
corn; maize. plank.
Eyeh, (N), yes. Ko'-ko, (J), to knock.
Ko'-ko-stick, (J), (knock-tree), wood-
H pecker.
Haht-haht, (S), the mallard duck. Koo'sah, (C), sky.
Hoh-hoh, (J), to cough. Kush'-is, (S), stockings.
Ho-ku-melh, (S), to gather; glean. Kwah-nice, or Kwad-dis, (Klikitat),
Hool-hool, (C), a mouse. whale.
Howh, (J), turn to; hurry; ho! Kwa-lal-kwa-lal, (C), to gallop.
How'-kwutl, (C), inability; unable. Xwal'h, (S), an aunt.
Hum'-kih, (C), Crooked; knotted; curled. Kwates, (S), sour; bitter; not pleased.
Hwah, (J), surprise; admiration; earn- Kweh-kweh, (J), a mallard duck.
estness. Xwek-wi-ens, (S), a pin.
Hy'-kwa, (N), shell money; large den- Kweo-kweo, (C), a ring; a circle.
talium. Kwetlh, (S), proud.
 —

AND HOW TO USE IT. 35

Xwisb, (?), exclamation of refusal. Ma-lah, (C), tin ware, earthenware,

Kwit-sbad-ie, (S), hare; rabbit. dishes.
Xwulh, or kwult'h, (C), to hit, strike, or Mel-a-kwa, (P), a mosquito.
wound, (without cutting). Mist-cbi'-mas, (?), slave.
Xwun'-nun, (S), counting; numbers. Mit-ass, leggings. (See note under Ta-
Kwutl, (C), literally, fast; to push or toosh, main vocabulary.)
squeeze. Moo '-lock, (C), an elk.

La-bleed, (P), a bridle.

La-boo-ti, (P), bottle. Na-ha, or Na-ab, (C), a mother.
Nau'-its, (S), off shore; on the stream,
La-ca-lat, (P), carrot.
Lag-h, (C), to tip; to lean; to stoop; to Hale. The sea-beach. Anderson.
Ne-nam-ooks, (C), the land otter.
—
bend over.
Iia-g-win', (?), a saw.
Iia'-kles, (P), fat; oil; grease.
la-lab/, (C), to cheat, trick; joke with. O'-la-pita-kl, (C), fire.
La-leem', (P), a file. Ol'-by-iu, (C), a seal.
La-pebsh, (P), a pole. O'-luk, (S), a snake.
La-pelle', (P), a shovel or spade. O'-na, (C), razor fish or solen; clams.
Iia-pe-osb/, (F), a mattock or hoe. Oos'-kan, (C), a cup; a bowl.
La-pieg-e, (F), a trap. O'-pe-kwan, (C), basket; can; tin kettle.
La-po-el', (F), a frying pan, (a stove. O'-pitl-kegrb, (C), bow.
Hale.) O'-pit-sab, (C), knife, razor, sword.
La-pool', (F), fowl; poultry. Ote-lag-h, (C), the sun.
La-poo-sliet', (F), fork.
La-sanjel, (F), girth, sash, belt.
La-see, (F), a saw.
La-sell', (F), saddle. Pchib, orPlt-cbib, (?), Thin, as of a
La'-shal-loo, (F), plough. board.
La-shan'-del, (F), a candle. Fe-chusrb, (C), green.
La-shase, (P), chair. Pe-what'-tie, (C), thin, slight, flamsy.
La-sben' f (F), a chain. Pit-lilb', (?), thick, as molasses.
Las-siet, (F), a plate. Poo'-lie, (F), rotten.
La-sway, (F), silk, silken. Pow'-itsb, (C), crab-apple.
La-tabb, (F), table.
La-tlah', (F), noise. S
La-west', (F), waist-coat, vest. San-de-lie, (F), roan colored; a roan
Le-bab-do, or La-ba-do, (F), a shingle.
Le bis'-kwie, (F), biscuit, crackers, hard horse, ash colored. Anderson. —
Sbe-lok'-um, (C), looking-glass; glass.
bread.
Sbugrb, (C), a rattle.
Le-riau', (F), a sorrel horse; chestnut Shug-b-opoots, (C), a rattle-snake.
colored.
Sbut, (E), a shirt.
Le-clem', (F), cream-colored. Shwab-kuk, (S), a frog.
Le-cock', (F), a cock; a fowl.
Si'-pab, (Wasco), straight, like a ram-
Le-doo', (F), finger. rod.
Le-g-ley, (F & E), a gray horse; gray.
Sis'-ki-you, a bob-tailed horse. (See note
Le-kloo', (F), nail; nails. under Tatoosh, main vocabulary.)
Le-koo', (F), neck. Sit'-lay, (F), stirrups.
Le-ky'e, (?), spot; spotted; a piebald Sit'-sbum, (S), to swim.
horse. Skwak'-wal, (S), a lamprey eel.
Le-lo'-ba, (F), ribbon. Skwis'-kwis, (C), a squirrel.
Le-loo', (F), wolf.
Smet'-ocks, (S), the large clam.
Le-mah-to, (F), hammer. Smoke, (E), smoke, clouds, fog, steam.
Le-pan', (F), bread. Soap, (E), soap.
Le-pisb'-e-mo, saddle-blanket or hous- So-le'-mie, (C), the cranberry.
ing. (See note under Tatoosh, main Spo'-ob, (C), faded; any light color.
vocabulary.) Spoon, (E), a spoon.
Le-pwau, (F), peas. Suk-wal'-al, (C), a gun or musket.
Le-sap', (F), eerg; eggs.
Le- see-blo, (F), spurs.
Le-see'-zo, (P), scissors.
Le-sook, (P), sugar. Tab-nim, (S), to measure.
Le-tab', (F), the teeth. Teh-teh, (C), to trot, as a horse.
Lik-pu'-bu, (?), a sister; an elder sister. Te-peh, (C), quill, wing.
Luk'-ut-cbee, (?F), clams. Tik'-tik, (onoma), a watch.
Til'-i-kum-ma-ma, (C), a father.
M Toke-tie, (Kalapuya), pretty.
Mah-lie, (S), to forget. To'-luks, (Clallam), the mussel.
36 THE CHINOOK JARGON
Tot, (S), uncle.
To'-to, (onoma, C), to shake, sift, win-
Yah'-hul, (C), a name.
now. Yah'-kis-ilt'h, (C), sharp, cutting.
To-wagh', (C), bright; shining; light.
Tshi'-ke, (?), directly, soon. Note— The letters (E), (F), (N),
(C),
Tshis, (C), cold. and (S), refer to the derivation of
Tsish, (onoma), in imitation of the words, and signify Chinook, English,
sound of a grindstone. French, Nootka, and Salish. (See ex-
Tsole-pat, (Klickitat), a shot-pouch. planatory notes.) Words marked (J.)
Tso'-lo, (Kalapuya), to wander; to lose or (onoma.) are considered to be the
the way. peculiar property of the Jargon, as
Tuk'-wil-la, (Kalapuya), nuts; the hazel having been formed either in imita-
nut. tion of sounds or by some casual in-
vention. (Gibbs, Hale, Chamberlain,
Boas, Shaw, Anderson, Pandosy, Cook,
Jewitt, Tolmie, Dawson, St. Onge,
Wa'-ki, (C), to-morrow.
Whim, (Wasco), to fell; to throw, in ities.)
—
Scouler, Eells, Walker, Gard, author-
See Pronouncing Vocabulary.
wrestling.
 GUIDL TO PRONUNCIATION
KLY TO THE SYMBOLS
The pronunciation is indicated by the simple system of respelling which is
used in Webster's International Dictionary. It employs the diacritically marked
letters familiar in the schoolbooks of the country. "The defects of the English
orthography are well known, but, under the circumstances, we have no choice but
to follow it, making up for its deficiencies by the necessary explanations. In the
phonetics of the language one point is specially interesting, both as illustrating the
usual result of the fusion of two or more languages, and as showing one of the
laws which must govern the formation of any international speech. As the Jargon
is to be spoken by Englishmen and Frenchmen, and by Indians of at least a dozen
tribes, so as to be alike easy and intelligible to all, it must admit no sound which
cannot be readily pronounced by all. The numerous harsh Indian gutturals either
disappear entirely, or are softened to li and k. On the other hand, the d, f, g, r, v, z,
of the English and French become in the mouth of a Chinook t, p, k, 1, w, and s.
The English j (dzh) is changed to cli (tsh); the French nasal u is dropped, or is
—
retained without its nasal sound." Hale. Authority used,Eells.

a, as in far, father ,
•{

a, as in what, not o
a, as in hat, man '
a
a, as in law, all, lord a
a, as in mate a
e, as in met, then e
e, as in meet "
e, as in they (a, as in mate) a
i, as in pin Y
i, as in pine, aisle T
i, as in pique (e, as in meet) e"

o, as in not tf

o, as in note o
o, as in do, prove, tomb; — with the sound the same as oo o
oo, as in moon, food, fool oo
u, as in rule oo
u, as in pull, bull, full, put u
u, as in but .'
G
oi, as in boil oi
on, as in out _ ou
sh, as in shall sh
th, as in thin th
th, as in then th
g, as in gig _
.'

g
g, as in gem g
ng, as in sing, singer ng
wh, as in when hw
eh, as in church ch
 PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY
ABBA, ab'-ba. DLY, dlt.
ADDEDAH, a-dT-da. DOCTIN, dok-tTn.
AHHA, a-ha. DOLLA, d«l-m.
AHNKUTTIE, an<lriit-tt DUTCHMAN, dtich-man.
ALKI, StfkT. EENA, S-'na.

ALTA, al'-ta. ELIP, §ttp.

ATS, ats. ELITE, e-lT-'tT.

BEBE, be^be. ENATI, gn^a-tt

BUBDASH, bedash. HAHLAKL, h'alakl.
CALIPEEN, k8l-a-pSn^ HAHTHAHT, hat-hat.
CANIM, ka-nW HAKATSHUM, hak-at-shum.
CAPO, ka-po.' HALO, hafo.
CHAKCHAK, cbak'cbak. HAUL, hal.
CHAKO, cha^kU. HEEHEE, hS-'he.

CHEE, die. HIYU,

CHETLO, HYIU,
cbSt-lo bt-3.'

or HOHHOH, h5h-h3h.
HOOLHOOL, hp.l-hol.
CHETWOOT, cbet-woot. HULOIMA, httl-o'i-ma.

CHIKAMIN, chTk-a-mYn. HUYHUY, bq'T-ho-t.

CHIKCHIK, HYAK, ht-SkY
chTk^cHk HYAS, ht-as.'

and HYKWA, ht-kwa.

tsYk^sTk. IKPOOIE, Tk-pp<T.
CHILCHIL, IKT, tkt.

chTl-cbll IKTA, tk'tii.

and IKTAS, tk^taz.
tsTl-tsTl. ILLAHEE, Tl-la-hS.
CHINOOK, I NAPOO, Tn'-a-po.

cbfn-ook IPSOOT, fp%t."

or I SICK, ts'-tk.

tsfn-uk. ISKUM, Ts-ktim.

CHOTUB, cho"-'tffb. ITLAN, Yt-lan.
CHUCK, chuk. ITLOKUM, Ttfo-kum.
CLY, Kit ITSWOOT, rts^wftt.
COLE, kTJl. ITCHWOOT, !tch-wp.t
COMB, kom. KAH, ka.
COOLEY, ko^lT. KAHKAH, ka-kK.
COOPCOOP, kop-kgp. KAHKWA,
COSHO, ko-shc! ka^lcwfi;
COURT, k3-ut. kwa-kwa^
CULTUS, kul-tiis. KAHNAWAY, ka-'na-w5.
DELATE, de-lSt.' KAHPO, kahp-lio.
 AND HOW TO USE IT. 39

KAHTA, IdC-'ta'. KLONE, klon.

KALAKALA, KLOOK,kl<K>k.
ka-lSk-a-la, KLOOTCHMAN, kl<55t&-man.
kfil-tek'-a-la, KLOSHE, klffsh.
kufla-kutta. KO, ko.
KALAKALAHMA, kK-lak-a- KOKSHUT, k&k'shut.
la-ma. KONAWAY, kon-a-wa.
KALITAN, KOOSAH, k5&4a.
kiMtftan, . KOPET, k(5-ptf.
ka-li4-tan. KUITAN,
KAMASS, KIUATAN,
kam-as, ku-S-tan.
lak-am-as. KULL, ktil.

KAMOOKS, ka^mooks: KULLAGHAN, kul-la-han.

KAMOSUK, k'a-nyS-siik. KUMTUKS, ktim-tiiks.
KAPSWALLA, kap-sw«l-la. KUNAMOKST, kun-a-m8kst.
KAUPY, ka/pT. KUNJIH, kun-jT.
KEEKWULEE, kS-^wu-rr. KUNSIH, kun-st
KILAPI, kTl^a-pt KWAHTA, kwa<ta.
KIMTA, kTm-ta. KWASS, kwos."
KING GEORGE, KTng Gag. KWATES, kwats.
KINNYKINICK, kTn<T-kTn-Tk. KWEEST, kwest.
KINOOTL, kt-iiootl. KWAIST, kwSst.
KIWA, kt-'wa. KWEHKWEH, kwe*-kw&
KIYAH, kt-'ya. KWINNUM, kwfri-um.
KLAH, kla. KWOLAN, kw5-lan.
KLAHANIE, kla^ha-nt KWUNNTJM, kwun-tim.
KLAHOWYA, kla-how-ya. LA BOOS,
KLAHOWYUM, kla'-how-yum. LA PUSH,
KLAHWA, kla-wa. la-p?sh.
KLAK, klak. LA CASSET, K-ka-s&t.
KLAKSTA, klats-ta. LA CLOA, la-klo3f.
KLALE, kill. LA GOME, la-g<5m'.
KLAP, klap. LA HASH, la-hashf
KLAPITE, kla'-ptt. LAKIT, lSk-Tt.

KLASKA, klaV-ka. LA LAHM, la-lam'

KLATAWA, klaia-wa. LA-LANG, la-lan£.
KLAWHOP, kla-hw«p. LALY, la^lY.
KLEMAHUN, klem-a-hiin. LA METSIN, la-mgt-sYn.
KLIKAMUKS, kllk-a-muks. LA MONTI, la-mSn-tt
KLILT, kltlt. LA PEA, la-pS-a.
KLIMINAWHIT, klT-mTn-a- LA PEEP, la-pep/
hwTt. LA PLASH, la-plSsh.
KLIMMIN, kffm'-Tn. LA POME, 18-p5m.
KLIP, kltp. LA POTE, m-pot.
KLISKWIS, klts^kwts. LA TET, la-tSt^
KLOHKLOH, klff-klo. LAW, la..

KLONAS, kl5-nas. LA WEEN, la-wen.

40 THE CHINOOK JARGON

LE BAL, lY-bfll. OLO, o'-lo.

LE BLAU, le-bla.' OOAKUT,

LE COCK, lg-koi. WAYHUT,
LE JAUB, le-gab. oo-a-kbt.
LE KLEH, lS-kle.' OPOOTS, 5-'poots.
LE MAH, le-ma. PAHTL, patl.
LE MEL, le-mel. PAHTLUM, pat-lura.
LE MOOL, le-raool. PAPA, pa-pa.
LE MOLO, lg-mo-lo. PAPAH, pa'pa.
LE MOOTO, le-moo-to. PASEESIE, pa-s'S-st
LE PLET, IT-p'lSt. PASIOOKS, pa-s^-ooks.
LE PWAU, IT-pwa. PE, pe.
LE SAK, lt-sak/ '
PELTON, pSl'tun.
LE WHET, le-hwef. PI AH, pT-a.
LA WHIP, la-hwYp. PIL, pTl.

LICE, Its. PILPIL, ptl^ptl.

LIPLIP, ITp^ITp. PISH, pTsh.
LIVER, lTv-'a'. PIUPIU, p§-u-pe-u.
LOCKIT, see Lakit. PUSSPUSS, pTs'h-pTsh.
LO LO, 15-18. POH, po\
LOPE, lop. POLAKLIE, pS-lak-lT.
LUMMIEH, ltfm'-ntf-ff. POLALLIE, po-'lal-t
MAHKOOK, ma-W. POTLATCH, po^lach.
MAHSH, mSsh. PUKPUK, puk^puk.
MALIEH, ifc&l-T-S. SAGHALIE, sbh-ha-lT.
MAMA, rtfa-ma. SAKOLLEKS, sa-ktt1-Sks.
MAMOOK, ma-muk. SALLAL, sSl-atf
MESACHIE, me-sSch-T. SALMON, sSm-un.
MESIKA, me-st-1<a. SAPOLIL, sa'p-5-ltl.

MIKA, mt-ka. SEAHHOST, se-a-h5st.

MIMALOOSE, mim-a-loos. SEAHPO, s5-a-po.
MITLITE, mTt-ltt. SHUGA, shu%a.
MITWHIT, ntft-whTt. SIAH, st-a/'
MOKST, mSkst. SIKHS, stks.
MOOLACK, moo'luk. SHIKHS, shtks.
MUCKAMUCK, muk-a-muk. SINAMOKST, sTn-a-mo'kst.
NA, na. SISKIYOU, sTs'-kT-ySS.
NAH, na*. SISTER, sYs'-tti.
NAHA, na-ha. SI WASH, st-w8sh.
NANITCH,nan'Tch. SKOOKUM, skoo-kum.
NAWITKA, na-wTt-ka. SLAHAL, sla-hal
NESIKA, ne*-sT-ka\ SNASS, sn5s.
NIKA, nt-'ka. SNOW, sno\
OKOKE, o^kok. SOLLEKS, sfif-luks.
OLALLIE, o-lal-T. SOPENA, so-pS-na.
OLEMAN, SPOSE, spoz.
5l-man. STOCKEN, st5k-en.
o-lT-man. STOTEKIN, stot-kTn.
 AND HOW TO USE IT. 41

STUTCHUN, stuA-un. TUMTUM, tum-tum.

TAGHUM, ta-hum. TUMWATA, tum-wa-tu.
TAHLKIE, ttfl-kT. TUPSO, tup-so.
TAHTLUM, toVliim. TYEE, tf-e/
TAMAHNOUS, ta-ma-no-us. TZUM, tzum.
TAMOLITSH, ta-mo-lTch. WAKE, wak.
TANSE, tans. WAPATO, wap^a-to.
TENAS, ten'-as. WAUM, w.am.
THOUSAND, thow-zand. WAWA, wa-wa,.
TIKEGH, tfk-t WAYHUT,"see Ooakut.
TIKTIK, tfk'-ttk. WEGHT, wekt.
TILIKUM, ffl^a-kum. WHIM, hwTm.
TILL, m. WHISKEY, hwVs-kV.
TINTIN, ttn-tTn. WINAPIE, wmVpl:
T'KOPE, T'kop. YAHWA, ya-wa.
TL'KOPE, Tl'kop. YAHKA, ya'ka.
TOMOLLA, to"-inol-la. YAKA, ya-ka.
TOTOOSH, YAKSO, yak-'so.
TATOOSH, YAKWAHTIN, ya-kwa-tlh.
too-toosh. YOUTL, yotl.
TSEEPIE, tse-'pt. YOUTLKUT, yotl-kut.
TSOLO, tiss-so-lo. YUKWA, yuk-Va.
TUKAMONUK, tuk-a-mo-nuk. YAHKWA, yaVa.

—
Note "With the spelling in use I have
learned that it is useless for any person
who has not heard a Chinook word used,
to try to give its pronunciation. The
accented syllable is marked. It must
not be supposed, however, that the pro-
nunciation I have given is the only cor-
rect one; as already stated, there are
often different ways of pronouncing the
same word in different localities.
other authors use the letters much as
they are used in English, which really
means that their sounds, especially those
of the vowels, cannot be easily under-
stood until the person hears them sound-
ed by some one who understands their
pronunciation." Authority: Myron
Eells, D. D. See note under Kalakala,
main vocabulary. Hale.—
The
 ENGLISH-CHINOOK
Abase, mamook keekwulee. Agiee, tumtum kunamokst.
Abdomen, yakwahtin; kwahtin. Agriculture, mamook illahee.
Abed, kopa bed. Agriculturist, illahee man.
Abide, mitlite. Aground, kopa illahee.
Abject, cultus . Ague, colesick.
Able, skookum. Ah! (Admiration), wah! hah!
Aboard, kopa boat, (or ship or canim). Ah I (In pain), anah.
Abolish, mamook halo. Ahead, elip.
Aborigines, siwash. Aid, Help, elan.
Abound, hiyu mitlite. Alarm, mamook kwass.
About, wake siah kopa. Alike, kahkwa.
Above, saghalie. Alive, mitlite wind.
Abroad, klahanie. All, konaway.
Abscond, kapswalla klatawa; ipsoot klat- Almighty, the, Saghalie tyee.
awa. Almost, wake siah.
Absent, halo mitlite. Alms, elahan, elann.
Absolve, mamook stoh; mamook mahsh. Alms, to give, mamook klahowiam, or
Absurd, pelton; wake delate. klahowya; potlatch dolla.
Accept, iskum. Aloft, kopa saghalie.
Accident, nika tumtum halo yaka chako Alone, kopet ikt.
kahkwa. Also, weght.
Accompany, klatawa kunamokst; chako Alter,mamook huloima.
kunamokst. Although, keschi.
Accomplice, yaka mamook mesachie Always, kwahnesum.
kunamokst. Am, mitlite is sometimes used; some-
Accomplish, mamook. times no word is used.
According* to, kopa Amass, isskum hiyu.
Accumulate, iskum hiyu. Ambiguous, mokst wawa.
Accurate, delate. Ambition, hyas tikegh.
Achieve, mamook. Amen, kloshe kahkwa,
Acknowledge, wawa nawitka. American, Boston.
Acorns, kahnaway. Amid, Among, kunamokst; katsuk.
Acquaint, mamook kumtuks. Amount, konoway.
Acquire, iskum. Amuse, mamook heehee.
Across, enati; inati. Amusement, heehee.
Act, Action, mamook. Ancient, hyas ahnkuttie.
Active, delate halo lazy. And, pee; pe.
Add, mahsh kunamokst. Anew, chee.
Adjoin, wake siah kopa. Angel, lesash; tamahnous.
Admiration, hwah. Anger, Angry, solleks.
Admire, mitlite kloshe tumtum kopa. Angler, pish man.
Admonish, potlatch kloshe wawa. Annual, ikt cole ikt cole.
Adore, mitlite delate kloshe tumtum Another, huloima.
kopa; atole. Answer, kilapie wawa.
Adorn, mamook kloshe. Antediluvian, elip kopa hyas chuck kopa
Adrift, cultus mitlite kopa chuck. Noah yaka time.
Adulterate, mamook mesachie; mahsh Anticipate, mamook tumtum elip.
mesachie kunamokst. Anus, opoots.
Adulterer, man yaka kumtuks kapswalla Anxious, hyas tikegh.
klootchman. Any, klaksta.
Adultress, klootchman yaka kumtuks Apart, ikt yahwa, ikt yahwa.
kapswalla man. Apostle, leplet.
Advice, Advise, cultus potlatch tumtum. Appeal, wawa kopa elip hyas court.
Afar, siah. Appear, chako kah (nika) nanitch.
Affable, kloshe. Apple, lepome; apple.
Affirm, wawa delate. Apply, (if in words) wawa; (if of things)
Afflict, mamook trouble; mamook sick mahsh.
tumtum. Approve, (nika) tumtum kahkwa.
Afoot, kopa la pea. Approach, chako wake siah.
Afraid, kwass. Apron, kehsu; kisu.
After, Afterwards, kimta. Arbutus uva ursi, lahb.
Again, weght. Archangel, tyee lesash.
Aged, oleman. Archbishop, tyee leplet.
Ag-gressor, yaka mamook mesachie elip. Archfiend, tyee kopa mesachie; tyee
 AND HOW TO USE IT. 43

skookum. Battle, pight.

Archipelago, kah hiyu ailand mitlite. Bath, mamook wash.
Arctic, kah delate hiyu cole mitlite. Be, sometimes mitlite is used, and some-
Ardent, waum tumtum. times no word is used.
Arg-ue, hiyu wawa. Be Still, kopet wawa.
Arise, mitwit; get up. Beach, polalle illahe; nauits.
Arithmetic, book yaka mamook kumtuks Beads, kamosuk.
nesika kopa kwunnum; mamook tzum. Bear (black), itchwoot; chetwoot; its-
Ann, (n.) lemah; (v.) iskum musket; woot.
potlatch musket. Bear (grizzly), siam itchwoot.
Army, hiyu sojers. Bear, (v.) lolo.
Around, wake siah kopa. Beard, tupso or yakso kopa seahost.
Arouse, mamook get up. Bearer, man yaka kumtuks lolo.
Arrest, mamook haul; mamook kow. Beat, to, kokshut; mamook kokshut.
Arrive, Arrive at, ko; chako; klap. Beautiful, kloshe.
Arrow, kalitan; stick kalitan. Beaver, eena.
Ascend, klatawa saghalie. Becalm, halo wind.
Ash, isick stick. Because, kahkwa; kehwa.
Ask, wawa. Become, to, chakko.
Asleep, moosum. Become hard, chahko kull. (For other
Assault, pight. connections of become see chako, in
Assemble, chako kunamokst. Chinook, English part).
As, kahkwa. Bed, bed.
As if, kahkwa spose. Bed Quilt, tzum pasessie.
Assent, wawa, nawitka. Beef, itlwillie.
Assess, mamook tzum iktas. Before, elip.
Assessor, tyee kopa mamook tzum illahee Beg, skookum wawa.
Assistance, elahan; help. Begin, chee mamook; mamook elip.
At, kopa. Begone, klatawa.
Atheist, man yaka wawa halo saghalie Behave, mamook kloshe.
tyee mitlite. Behind, kimta.
Attack, pight elip. Behold, nah; nanitch.
Attend, klatawa. Believe, iskum wawa; iskum kopa tum-
Attire, iktas. tum.
Auburn, sitkum klale; sitkum pil. Bell, tin tin; dingding; (ring the bell,
Audacious, skookum tumtum. mamook tintin).
Audience, hiyu tillikums kopa house. Beloved, kloshe; kloshe kopa tumtum.
Argument, mamook hiyu; mamook hyas. Belle, kloshe tenas klootchman.
Aunt, kwalh; papa or mama yaka ats; Belly, yakwahtin.
tant; aunt. B- low, keekwulee.
Authentic, delate. Belt, lasanjel.
Autumn, tenas cole illahe. Beneath, keekwulee.
Avaunt, klatawa. Benefit (v.), mamook kloshe.
Aver, wawa delate. Berries, olallie; olillie.
Averse, halo tikegh. Beside, Besides, kunamokst.
Avidity, hyas tikegh. Best, elip kloshe kopa konoway.
Avoid, klatawa kopa huloima ooahut. Better, elip kloshe.
Awake, halo moosum; halo sleep. Between, kunamokst; katsuk; potsuk.
Away, siah. Beyond, yahwa.
Awe, kwass. Bible, saghalie tyee yaka book.
Awl, shoes keepwot, or kipuet. Big, hyas.
Axe, lahash. Bird, kallakala; kulakula.
Aye, nawitka. Biscuit, lebiskwee, or labisquee.
Bit, or dime, bit.
Eite, muckamuck.
Baby, tenas. Bitter, klihl, or klile; mesachie.
Bad, mesahchie; peshuk. Black, klale.
Cultus. Blackberries, klale olallie; klikamuks.
Bad mesachie tumtum (if in a
Spirit, Blackbirds, klale tenas kalakala.
person); mesachie tamahnous (if an- Blackfish, kahkwa klale.
other spirit). Blanket, paseesie.
Bag, lesak. Bleed, mamook pilpil.
Ball, lebal. Bless, wawa kloshe wawa.
Bargain, mahkook; huyhuy. Blessing, kloshe wawa.
Bark, stickskin. Blind, halo seahost; halo nanitch.
Barley, lashey; lareh. Blood, pilpil.
Barrel, tamolitsh. Blow, (v.) wind chako; hiyu wind.
Basin, ketling. Blow out, mamook poh.
Basket, opekwan; basket. Blue (light), spooh.
Bat, polakle kulakula. Blue (dark), klale.
44 THE CHINOOK JARGON
Blunder, to, tseepie. By, wake siah kopa; kopa.
Blush, chako pil kopa yaka seahost. By-and-by, winapie; alki.
Boar, man cosho.
Board, la plash.
Boast, hyas wawa; skookum wawa. Calf, tenas moosmoos.
Boat, boat. Calico, tzum sail; sail.
Bobtailed (a bob-tailed horse), siskiyou. Call, to, wawa.
Boil, to, (v.) liplip; mamook liplip. Calm, halo wind.
Bold, Boldness, skookum tumtum; halo Calve,mahsh tenas.
kwass. Can, skookum kopa.
Bone, stone. Candle, la shandel; glease piah.
Boots, stick shoes. Cannot, halo skookum kopa; howkwutl.
Bore, to, mamook thalwhop; mamook Canoe, canim.
hole. Cap, seahpo.
Borrow, to, ayahwhul; iskum dolla; alki Capable, skookum kopa; skookum tum-
pay. tum.
Bosom (female), totoosh; yakwahtin. Capsize, keelapie; kilapie.
Boss, tyee. Captive, elite.
Both, kunamoxt; mokst. Capture, mamook kow.
Bottle, labooti; labotai. Car, (R. R.), piah chickchick.
Bow, opitlkegh; stick musket. Careful, kloshe nanitch.
Bow (of boat), nose. Careless, kultus; halo kloshe nanitch.
Bowl, ooskan; uskan. Carpenter, la plash man.
Box, la casett; la kassett. Carrot, la calat.
Boy, tenas man. Carry, to, lolo.
Bracelet, klikwallie; kweokweo. Cart, chikchik; tsiktsik.
Brass, pil chikamin; klikwallie. Carve, mamook cut.
Brave, skookum tumtum. Cascade, tumwata.
Bread, le pan; sapolil; piah sappolil. Cash, dolla; chikamin.
Break, to, kokshut; mamook kokshut; Cask, tamolitsh.
mamook klimmin. Cast, mahsh.
Breakfast, muckamuck kopa tenas sun. Castrate, to, mahsh stone.
Breasts, totoosh. Cat, pusspuss; pishpish.
Breath, wind. Cataract, tumwater.
Breech Clout, opoots sill; opoots sail. Catch, iskum; mamook kwotl.
Bride, klootchman yaka chee malieh. Cautious, (to be), kloshe nanitch.
Bridegroom, man yaka chee malieh. Cease, kopet.
Bridle, la bleed. Cedar, canim stick; lametsin stick; kpai;
Brig-ht, towagh, or tewagh. kalakwahtie stick.
Bring*, to, lolo; mamook chahco; newah. Cedar Bark (inside), kalakwahtie.
Broad, klukulh. Celestial, kopa saghalie.
Broken legged, kokshut lapea. Certain, delate.
Broken, kokshut. Cattle, moosmoos.
Brook, tenas chuck; tenas cooley chuck. Certainly, nawitka.
Broom, bloom. Chain, lashen; chikamin lope.
Brother, ow. Chair, la shase.
Brother, kahpho, or elip ow, if elder Chance, nika tumtum halo yaka chako
than the speaker; kimta ow, or ow, if kahkwa.
younger. Male cousins the same. Change, huyhuy; mamook huyhuy.
Brother-in-law, ats yaka man; klootch- Characters, tzum.
man yaka ow; ekkeh. Cheap, wake hyas mahkook.
Brown, sitkum klale; tenas klale; klale. Cheat, to, lalah; mamook pelton.
Buck, man mowitch. Cheated, (I am), nika chako pelton.
Bucket, tamolitsh. Cheeks, seahost; capala.
Buffalo, moosmoos; wild moosmoos. Cheer, hiyu kloshe wawa.
Build, mamook house. Chicken, la pool.
Builder, la plash man. Chief, tyee.
Bull, man moosmoos. Child, tenas.
Bullet, le bal; kalitan; musket yaka ball. Chilly, tenas cole.
Bundle, kow; iktas. Choose, tikegh; elip tikegh.
Bungler, man yaka cultus mamook. Christmas, hyas Sunday; klismes.
Burn, mamook piah. Clams, ona; lukutchee; lakwitchee;
Burst, kokshut. clams; (smetocks, the large kind).
Bury, mahsh kopa illahee. Clay, illahee.
But, pe; pee. Clean, (adj.) halo illahee; (n.) mamook
Butcher, man yaka kumtuks mamook clean.
mimoluse moosmoos. Clear up, to, chako klah.
Butter, totoosh gleese; totoosh lakles. Clerk, tzum man.
Buttons, chilchil; tsiltsil. Climb, klatawa saghalie.
Buy, to, mahkook. Close, (v.) mamook ikpooie.
 AND HOW TO USE IT. 45

Cloth, (cotton), sail. Coyote, talapus.

Clothes, iktas. Crabapple, powitsh; siwash apple.
Clouds, smoke; smoke kopa saghalie; Crack, tsugh.
cultus smoke. Cranberry, solemie; swamp olallie; pil
Coast, illahee wake siah kopa chuck. olallie; siwash isalk.
Coat, capo; kapo. Crazy, pelton; clazy; pelton scotty.
Coffee, kaupy. Cream, kloshe totoosh.
Cold, cole. Cream-colored, le clem.
Color, tzum; chym. Creator, saghalie tyee.
Comb, (n.) comb. Creek, tenas chuck.
Comb, to, (v.) mamook comb. Creep, tenas cooley.
Come, to, chahko; newah. Cricket, (large), mesachie cultus kala-
Come out of the water, chako klahanie kala; mesachie cultus sopena.
kopa chuck. Crooked, kiwa; tseepie; clooked; wake
Command, (v.) mahsh wawa; (n.) law. delate; hanlkek.
Commandments, saghalie tyee law. Cross, (n.) la cloa.
Commence, mamook begin; chee mamook. Crow, kahkah.
Common, kloshe kopa konoway; cultus. Crowd, hiyu tillikums.
Communion, Jesus yaka muckamuck. Cry, to, cly.
Complete, mamook kopet. Cultivate, mamook kloshe.
Conceal, ipsoot. Cup, ooskan; cup; lepot.
Conceive, klap tenas. Cure, mamook kloshe.
Conceive, (in mind) mamook tumtum. Cured, chako kloshe.
Concur, (I), (nika) tumtum kahkwa. Curly, hunlkih.
Confess, to, yiem; wawa. Currant, pil olallie; culant.
Confession, to go to, kofes; kopes. Cha- Currency, papah dolla.
chas bilalam, or milalam (holy talk). Curse, (n.) mesachie wawa.
Confirmation, lakonfirmation; kopil masio Curse, (v.) wawa mesachie.
Confine, mamook kow. Cut, to, tlkope; mamook cut.
Confirm, mamook delate.
Confirmed (pas.), chako delate.
Confirmation, lakonfirmation; kopli masio Dance, to, tanse.
Congregate, chako, or klatawa kunamokst Danger, mesachie mitlite.
Conjurer, siwash doctin; tamahnous man. Dark, darkness, polaklie.
Conjuring tamahnous; mamook tamah-
1

, Darken, mamook polaklie.

mous.
Consecrate, potlatch kopa saghalie tyee.
Contented, mitlite kloshe tumtum.
Contrite, cly tumtum;
Control, tolo.
Conversation, Converse, wawa.
Convince, tolo.
Cook, to, mamook piah; mamook piah
muckamuck.
Cooked, (pas.) chako piah.
Copper, pil chikamin.
Copy, mamook tzum.
Cord, tenas lope; lope.
Cordially, kloshe tumtum.
Cork, (v.) ikpooie.
Corn, esalth.
Corral, kullagh; kullaghan.
Correct, delate.
Cost, (how much) kunjih dolla?
Cotton goods, sail.
Cougar, hyas pishpish.
Cough, hohhoh.
Counsel, cultus potlatch tumtum.
Count, mamook kwunnun; mamook kun-
jih; mamook' tahnin.
Country, illahee.
Couple, mokst.
Courage, skookum tumtum.
Cousin, (see brother and sister.) (Eng-
lish, idem.)
Cover, (v.) mahsh ikta kopa haghalie.
Covet, tikegh kapswalla.
Cow, klootchman moosmoos.
Coward, halo skookum tumtum; kwass
man.
Dash, (v.) mahsh.
Daughter, tenas klootchman.
Dawn, delate tenas sun; chee chako
sick tumtum. light.
Dazzle, hiyu skookum light; kahkwa halo
nika nanitsh.
Dead, memaloost; mimoluse; mahsh kon-
oway yaka wind; yaka wind chako
halo.
Deadness, kahkwa mimoluse.
Deaf, ikpooie kwollan; halo kwolan.
Deafen, mamook halo kwolan.
Deaf mute, halo kwolan halo wawa.
Death, mimoluse.
Death bed, bed kah yaka mimoluse.
Dear, (expensive), hyas mahkook.
Dear, (loved), kloshe.
Death warrant, papah yaka wawa, na-
witka yaka mimoluse.
Debate, pight wawa.
Debility, halo skookum; wake siah sick.
Decay, chako cultus; chako mimoluse;
chako rotten.
Deceit, kliminawhit wawa.
Deceive, wawa kliminawhit mamook
lalah.
Deceiver, yaka kumtuks wawa klimina-
whit.
Decide, mamook tumtum; klap tumtum.
Decision, tumtum.
Decline, wawa halo.
Deed, mamook.
Deep, klip; hyas keekwulee.
Deer, mowitsh.
Defeat, (v.) tolo.
46 THE CHINOOK JARGON
Defend, kloshe nanitch. Donation, cultus potlatch.
Defer, mamook alki; mamook byby. Door, la pote.
Deficient, wake hiyu. Double, mokst.
Definite, delate. Double minded, mokst tumtum.
Deformed, wake delate. Doubt, halo delate kumtuks.
Delight, kloshe tumtum. Down, (adj.) keekwulee; whim.
Delig'hted, mitlite or chako kloshe tum- Down, (n.), kalakala tupso.
tum. Downcast, sick tumtum.
Delirious, huloima latet; kahkwa clazy. Down Kill, keekwulee.
Demand, wawa; skookum wawa. Downright, delate.
Demon, skookum; lejaub; kahkwa lejaub; Down stream, mimie; cooley chuck.
mesachie tamahnous. Doxology, mahsie kopa saghalie tyee.
Deny, Denial, wawa halo. Dozen, tahtlum pe mokst.
Dense, hiyu. Drab, tenas klale, tenas tkope.
Dentist, doctin kopa teeth; doctin kopa Drag, Draw, haul.
letah. Drawback, mamook haul kimta.
Depart, klatawa. Drawers, keekwulee sakolleks.
Descend, klatawa keekwulee. Dread, kwass.
Describe, mamook kumtuks. Dream, dleam; nanitch kopa moosum;
Desert, (n.) illahee kah halo ikta mitlite. moosum nanitch.
Desert, (v.) kaps walla klataway; mahsh. Dreary, cultus.
Devil, diaub; yaub; lejaub. Drench, mahsh kopa chuck; mahsh chuck
Diabolical, kahkwa lejaub. kopa.
Dialect, lalang. Drenched, (pas.), mitlite hiyu chuck;
Dialog-ue, ikt man yaka wawa, huloima hiyu chuck mitlite kopa.
man yaka wawa, laly kahkwa. Dress, klootchman coat.
Did, mamook. Drink, to, muckamuck; muckamuck
Die, mimoluse; mahsh konoway yaka chuck or kaupy; or whiskey, etc., as
wind. the case may be.
Differ, huloima tumtum. Drinkable, kloshe kopa muckamuck.
Different, Difference, huloima. Drip, chuck klatawa.
Difficult, kull. Drive, mamook kishkish.
Dig", to, mamook illahee; mamook kok- Drizzle, tenas snass.
shut illahee. Drown, mimoluse kopa chuck.
Dig" a hole, mamook hole; mamook Drowsy, tikegh moosum; tikegh sleep.
tlwhop. Drug, lametsin.
Dilute, mahsh chuck kunamokst. Drum, (Indian), pompon.
Dime, bit, or mit. Drunk, (adj.), pahtlum; dlunk.
Dimension, kunjih hyas. Drunk, (v.), chako pahtlum.
Dine, Dinner, muckamuck kopa sitkum Drunkard, pahtlum man; man kwanesum
sun. pahtlum.
Direct, delate. Dry, Dryness, dly; dely.
Directly, alki; winapie; tshike. Dual, mokst.
Dirty, allihee mitlite; hyas humm. Dubious, mokst tumtum.
Disagree, halo tumtum kahkwa. Duck, (Mallard), hahlhahl; kwehkweh;
Disappoint, mamook pelton. hahthaht.
Disbelieve, halo tumtum kahkwa. Ducking, mahsh kopa chuck; klatawa
Disappear, chako halo. kopa chuck.
Discard, Discharge, mahsh. Dug, mamook dig.
Discover, elip nanitch. Dull, halo tumtum; wake siah halo latet.
Dishonest, kumtuks kapswalla. Duly, delate.
Dislike, halo tikegh. Dumb, wake wawa; halo wawa.
Disobey, halo iskum wawa; mahsh wawa. During, kopa.
Disrelish, halo tikegh muckamuck. Durst, skookum tumtum.
Dissent, huloima tumtum. Dust, polallie; tenas illahee; klimmin
Distance, (what), kunjih siah. klimmin illahee.
Distant, siah. Dwell, mitlite.
Distinguish, nanitch. Dye, (v.), mamook tzum.
Distress, klahowya tumtum; klahowya. Dying, wake siah mimoluse.
Distrust, kwass. Dyeing, mamook tzum.
Dive, klatawa keekwulee kopa chuck.
Diverse, huloima.
Divine, kahkwa saghalie tyee. Eager, hyas tikegh.
Doctor, doctin. Each, ikt ikt.
Doctress, klootchman doctin. Easrle, chakchak.
Dodge, hyak klatawa; klatawa yahwa Ear, kwolann.
yahwa. Early, tenas sun.
Dog, kamooks. Earnest, skookum tumtum.
Dollar, dolla, or tahla; chikamin. Earn, to, tolo.
Do, mamook. Earth, illahie.
 AND HOW TO USE IT. 47

East, kah sun yaka chako. Enter, klatawa keekwulee, klatawa in-
Easter, pak; paska. side.
Easy, halo kull. Entertain, (as a guest), kloshe manitch.
Eat, to, muckamuck. Entire, konoway.
Eatable, kloshe kopa muckamuck. Entrails, kiyagh; guts; keekwulee yak-
Ebb tide, chuck yaka klatawa. wahtin kaiah.
Eccentric, huloima. Entrap, iskum kopa trap.
Eclipse, sun (or moon), yaka chako Enumerate, mamook kunjih; mamook
klale. tzum.
Eddy, kah chuck klatawa saghalie. Envelope, (n.), klahanie papeh.
Edify, mamook kumtuks. Envelope, (v.), mamook kow.
Editor, tzum (or tyee) man kopa news- Epilepsy, sick kahkwa clazy.
paper. Equal, kahkwa.
Educate, mamook kumtuks. Equity, delate mamook.
Effect, (v.) mamook. Erect, mitwhit; delate.
Effects, (n.) iktas. Escape, chako klahanie (for first or sec-
Effeminate, kahkwa klootchman. ond persons); klatawa klahanie (for
Efficient, skookum; kloshe. third person); klatawa.
Egg, lesap; lesep; hen olallie. Escort, (v.) klatawa kunamokst pe
Eight, stotekin; kwinnum pe klone; kloshe nanitch.
eight. Espy, nanitch.
Eighteen, tahtlum pe stotekin. Estate, iktas pe illahee kopa mimoluse
Eighty, stotekin tahtlum. man or klootchman; mimoluse man or
Eight hundred, stotekin tukamonuk. klootchman yaka iktas pe illahee.
—
Either or, klonasklonas. Estimate, (n.), tumtum.
Eject, mahsh klahanie. Estimate, (v.), mamook tumtum.
Elder, elip. Eternal, kwanesum.
Elder brother, kahpo. Ethnology, kumtuks kopa tillikums;
Elegant, hyas kloshe. kumtuks kopa siwash.
Elevate, mamook saghalie. Eulogize, wawa kloshe wawa.
Elevated, (pas.), chako. (saghalie, or Evacuate, mamook halo; konoway kla-
klatawa saghalie, as the case may be, tawa klahanie.
whether speaking of self or another. Eve, tenas polaklie.
Elk, moolock; mooluk. Even, konaway kahkwa; kloshe.
Eloquent, kumtuks wawa. Evening, tenas polaklie.
Else, huloima. Ever, Everlasting, kwanesum.
Elude, ipsoot klatawa. Every, konaway.
Embark, klatawa kopa canim; boat or Everywhere, konaway kah.
ship. Evict, mash klahanie.
Emblem, kahkwa picture. Evil, mesachie.
Embrace, iskum kopa lemah. Exact, delate.
Emetic, lametsin yaka skookum kopa Exaggerate, wake siah kliminawhit.
help mika mahsh mika muckamuck. Exalt, mamook saghalie; mamook hyas.
Emotion, cly tumtum; kahkwa cly. Exalted, (pas.), chako saghalie; klatawa
Employer, tyee; boss. saghalie; chako hyas.
Empty, halo ikta mitlite. Examine, delate nanitch.
Enact, mamook. Exceed, chako elip hiyu.
Encircle, ikt yahwa, ikt yahwa,, ikt yah- Excel, elip kloshe.
wa, pe mamook kow. Excellent, hyas kloshe.
Enclose, mamook keekwulee. Except, (prep.), kopet.
Enclosure, Kullaghan; Kullagh; pense. Excess, elip hiyu.
End, opoots. Exchange, huyhuy.
Endeavor, tikegh mamook. Excite, mamook hyas yaka tumtum.
Endless, kwanesum. Exclaim, Exclamation, skookum wawa;
Endure, kwanesum mamook; kwanesum wawa.
mitlite. Exclude, Excommunicate, mahsh klah-
Enemy, solleks tillikum; mesachie tilli- anie.
kum. Excuse, mamook klahowya.
Energy, skookum mamook. Execute, mamook mimoluse.
England, King- George illahee. Exercise, Exert, mamook.
English, Englishman, King ChaUtsh; Exhale, mahsh wind.
King George tillikum. Exhaust, mamook till.
Engrave, mamook tzum. Exhausted, (pas.), chako delate till;
Enjoy, mitlite kloshe tumtum. wake siah mimoluse kopa till.
Enlarge, mamook
hyas. Exhort, skookum wawa; wawa skookum.
Enough, kopet hiyu; hiyu; kopet. Exile, (v), or
Enquire, wawa; ask; tikegh kumtuks. Expatriate, mahsh klahanie kopa yaka
Enraged, solleks. illahee.
Enslave, mamook elite. Exist, mitlite.
Enslaved, (pas.) chako elite. Expedite, mamook hyak.
48 THE CHINOOK JARGON
Expel, mahsh. Ferocious, hyas tikegh pight; delate
Expend, pay; potlatch. kumtuks pight.
Expert, delate yaka kumtuks. Fervent, Fervor, waum tumtum.
Expire, mimoluse; mahsh konoway yaka Fester, chako sick, pe chako hyas.
wind. Festival, hyas kloshe time; hiyu mucka-
Explain, mamook kumtuks. muck.
Explore, klatawa pe nanitch. Fetch, to, lolo; mamook chako.
Express, (v.), wawa. Fever, waum sick.
Exquisite, delate kloshe. Fever and Ague, cole sick, waum sick.
Extend, mamook hyas. Few, wake hiyu; tenas.
Extended, (pas.), chako hyas. Fib, kliminawhit.
Extensive, hyas. Fiction, wake delate wawa.
Exterior, klahanie. Field, illahee.
Exterminate, Extinguish, mamook halo; Fiend, mesachie tamahnous.
mahsh. Fierce, hyas tikegh pight.
Extol, potlatch hyas kloshe wawa. Fifteen, tahtlum pe kwinnum.
Extraordinary, hyas huloima. Fifty, kwinnum tahtlum.
Extravagant, cultus mahkook iktas. Fight, to, mamook solleks; pight; ma-
Extreme unction, exstlem oksio. mook pukpuk.
Eye, Eyeball, seahost; eye. Fight, (with fists), mamook pukpuk.
Eyelash, skin kopa eye. Figmred, (as calico), tzum.
Eyewater, lametsin kopa seahost. File, la leem.
Eyewitness, man yaka delate nanitch. Fill, to,mamook pahtl.
P Filthy, mesachie; humm; cultus.
Fable, wake delate wawa. Fin, pish yaka lemah.
Fabric, iktas. Find, to, klap.
Face, seahhost. Fine, (adj.), kloshe.
Facility, halo kull. Fine, (v.), mamook fine.
Fact, delate wawa. Fine, (n.), fine.
Fade, chako spooh. Fingers, le doo; lemah.
Faded, spooh. Finger ring, kweokweo.
Fagged, chako till. Finish, mamook kopet.
Fair, kloshe. Fir, moola stick.
Fall, fall down; mamook whim. Fire, piah; olapitski.
False, or Fireplace, kah piah mitlite.
Falsehood, kliminawhit; tseepie. Firm, skookum.
Fame, hyas nem. First, elip.
Family, tillikums. First born, elip tenas.
Famish, wake siah mimoluse kopa olo. Fish, pish.
Far, siah. Fisherman, pishman.
Farm, illahee. Fishery, kah pish mitlite; kah iskum
Farther, elip siah. pish.
Farthest, elip siah kopa konoway. Fishhook, pishhook; ikkik.
Fast, (tight), kwult; hyas kull. Fishline, pish lope.
Fast, (quick), hyak. Fishrod, pish stick.
Fasten, mamook kow. Fishy, kahkwa pish.
Fat, glease. Fists, lemah kahkwa (showing how).
Father, papa. Fit, kahkwa clazy.
Fathom, itlan. Five, kwinnum.
Fatigue, till. Five hundred, kwinnum tukamonuk.
Fatten, mamook glease. Fix, mamook kloshe.
Fault, wake delate mamook. Flag, sail; flag; hyas Sunday sail.
Favor, kloshe tumtum. Flea, sopen inapoo; chotub.
Fawn, tenas mowitch; mowitch yaka Flesh, itlwillie; meat.
tenas. Flies, tenas kalakala; lemosh.
Fear, kwass. Flimsy, wake skookum.
Fearless, halo kwass. Fling, mahsh.
Feast, muckamuck; hiyu muckamuck. Flint, kilitsut.
Feather, kalakala yaka tupso. Float, mitlite saghalie kopa chuck.
Feeble, wake skookum; halo skookum. Flock, hiyu sheep, or kalakala.
Feed, potlatch muckamuck. Flood, pahtl chuck; hiyu chuck.
Feel, (with hand), kumtuks kopa lemah. Flour, sapolil; klimmin sapolil.
Feel, (with heart), sick tumtum. Flow, klatawa.
Feet, lapea. Flowers, kloshe tupso.
Fell, to, (as a tree), mamo®k whim. Fluid, kahkwa chuck.
Fellow, tillikum. Fly, (v.), mamook fly; kawak.
Female, klootchman. Foal, (n.), tenas kuitan.
Ferment, kahkwa liplip; chako waum. Foal, (to be with) (v.), klootchman kui-
Fence, kullagh; kullahan; pence. tan yaka mitlite tenas.
 AND HOW TO USE IT. 49

Fog, smoke; cultus smoke. Fundament, opoots.

Folks, tillikums. Funeral, lolo or mahsh mimoluse tilli-
Follow, klatawa kimta. kum kopa mimoluse illahee.
Polly, kahkwa pelton. Fur, eena tupso.
Food, muckamuck. Furniture, iktas.
Fool, pelton. Furthermost; furtherest, elip siah kopa
Foolish, Foolhardy, kahkwa pelton. konoway.
Foot, lepee. Futile, cultus.
Footsteps, Footprint, kah lapea mitlite Future, alki; by-by; winapie.
(showing how; teahwit).
For, kopa.
Forbear, kopet. Gab; gabble, wawa.
Forbid, wawa kloshe kopet. Gad, moosmoos stick; gad.
Ford, kah kloshe nesika klatawa enati Gain, tolo.
kopa chuck. Gallop, to, kwalalkwalal; hyak klataw_a.
Forefather, ahnkuttie. papa. Gallows, stick kah mamook mimoluse
Foreign, huloima. kopa lope.
Forenoon, elip sitkum sun. Gamble, gamble; mamook gamble; ma-
Forest, kah hiyu stick mitlite. mook itlokum; heehee lemah (with
Foretell, wawa elip. disks) chis chis; itlokum.
Forever, kwahnesum. Game, heehee.
Forget, to, mahlie; mahsh tumtum; ko- Garments, iktas.
pet kumtuks Gas, kahkwa wind.
Forgive, mamook klowhowya. Gash, (n.), cut; kokshut.
Fork, la pooshet. Gash, (v.), mamook cut; mamook kok-
Former, elip. shut.
Formerly, ahnkuttie. Gasp, hyas kull spose yaka iskum yaka
Forsake, mahsh. wind; wake siah lost yaka wind.
Fortnight, mokst Sunday. Gather, to, iskum; hokumelh.
Fortunate, kloshe. Gay, kloshe; heehee.
Forty, lakit tahtlum. Gaze, skookum nanitch.
For Tirhat, pe kahta. Gender, is distinguished by prefixing the
Foul, cultus. word man for male, and klootchman
Found, klap. for female.
Four, lakit, or lokit. General, hyas tyee.
Fourteen, tahtlum pe lakH. Generous, kloshe kopa cultus potlatch.
Four hundred, lakit tukamonuk. Gentle, halo wild; kwan.
Fowl, la pool. Genuine, delate.
Fox, talapus; hyas opoots talapus. Geography, book yaka.
Fragrant, kloshe. Geography, book yaka mamook kumtuks
France, Pasaiooks illahee. nesika kopa konoway illahee.
Frank, open. Geology, book yaka mamook kumtuks ne-
Fraternal, kahkwa ow. sika kopa konaway stone.
Free, halo elite. German, Dutchman.
Freeze, hyas cole. Get, to, iskum.
French, Frenchman, Pasiocks; Pasaiooks. Get out, klatawa; mahsh.
Frequently, hiyu times. . Get up, mamook getup; getup.
Fresh, chee. Ghost, tamahnous; skookum.
Fret, tenas solleks. Giant, delate hyas man.
Friday, Kwinnum sun. Gift, cultus potlatch.
Friend, sikhs, or shikhs; r illikum. Giggle, heehee.
Friendly, kloshe tumtum; kahkwa tilli- Gilt, kahkwa pil chikamin.
kum. Gipsy, huloima tillikum.
Friendless, halo tillikum. Girl, tenas klootchman.
Frighten, mamook kwass. Girlish, kahkwa tenas klootchman.
Frightened, (passive), chako kwass. Give, to, potlatch.
Frog, shwah-kuk; wakik. Glad, kwann; youtl tumtum; kwatl.
Frolic, heehee. Glare, skookum light.
Frolicsome, pahtl kopa heehee. Gleam, tenas light.
From, kopa. Glean, iskum; kokumelh.
Frown, kahkwa solleks. Glee, heehee.
Fry, to, mamook piah; mamook cook; Gloom, polaklie.
mam-ook la'po-el. Gloomy, kahkwa polaklie.
Frying-pan, la po-el. Glorious, hyas kloshe.
Fuel, piah stick. Glory, hyas kloshe nem.
Fulfill, mamook kopet. Gnats, dago; lemus.
Full, pahtl. Gnaw, muckamuck; muckamuck kahkwa
Fun, heehee. eena.
Fund, chikamin; dolla. Go, to, klatawa.
50 THE CHINOOK JARGON
Goblin, tamahnous; tsialko. Hail, cole snass.
God, Saghalie Tyee. Hair, tupso; tupso kopa latet; yakso.
Godless, halo tikegh Saghalie Tyee. Hair brush, tupso bloom.
Godlike; Godly, kahkwa Saghalie Tyee. Half, sitkum.
Gold, pil chikamin.
Golden, kahkwa pil chikamin. ton.
—
Half-breed, sitkum siwash sitkum Bos-
Good, kloshe. Halloo, nah.
Good-bye, klahowya. Halt, kopet klatawa; kopet cooley.
Good spirit, kloshe tamahnous; econe. Ham, cosho; dly cosho.
Goods, iktahs. Hammer, lemahto.
Goose, kalakala; whuywhuy; kalakalak- Hand, le man.
ma. Hand, (rig-ht), kloshe lemah.
Gore, (n.) pilpil; (v.), mamook kokshut
(
Handcuff, chikamin kopa mamook kow
pe pilpil yaka chako. lemah.
Gospel, Saghalie Tyee yaka wawa. Hand (game of), itlokum.
Gossip, wawa. Handkerchief, hakatshum.
Govern, mamook tyee. Handsome, hyas kloshe.
Governor, tyee. Hang, mimaluse kopa lope kopa yaka
Graceful,, kloshe. neck.
Graduate (v.), kopet kopa school. Happy, kloshe tumtum; youtl tumtum.
Grain, sapolil. Hard, kull.
Grammar, book yaka mamook kumtuks Harden, mamook kull.
nesika kopa lalang. Hare, kwitshadie; kwetshoddie.
Grand, hyas kloshe. Hark, nah; nanitch.
Grand child, tenas yaka tenas; koim. Harlot, mesachie klootchman.
Granddaughter, tenas yaka tenas Harm, (n.), mesachie.
klootchman. Harm, (v.), mamook mesachie.
Grandfather, papa yaka papa; chope. Harrow, to, mamook comb illahie.
Grandmother, mama yaka mama; chitsh; Hasten, hyak.
nltz. Hat, seahpo.
Grandson, tenas yaka. tenas man. Hatch, chicken chako kopo eggs; tenas
Grant, potlatch. lapool chee chako.
Grass, tupso; tupso kopa illahee. Hatchet, tenas lahash.
Grasshopper, tlak tlak. Haul, mamook haul.
Grateful, (adj.). mahsie tumtum. Haul with wag-on, lolo kopa chikchik.
Grateful, (v.). wawa mahsie. Have, mitlite.
Grave, mimoluse illahee. Hawk, hawk, shakshak.
Gravestone, stone kopa mimoluse illahee. Hay, hay; dly tupso.
Graze, muckamnck tupso. Hazel bush, toholal stick.
Grease, glease; lakles. Hazel-nuts, tukwilla.
Greasy, kahkwa glease. He, his, yaka; yahka.
Great, hyas. Head, la tet.
Greedy; tikegh konoway; hyas tikegh. Headache, sick kopa latet.
Green, pechugh; pale green, kawkawak. Headwind, cultus wind.
Greet, wawa. Heal, mamook kloshe.
Gray; a gray horse, legley. Healed, (passive), chako kloshe.
Grind, mamook sapolil; ma-
(as flour), Healthy, halo sick.
mook klimmin-klimmin; as ax, ma- Heap, hiyu.
mook sharp; mamook kloshe. Hear, kumtuks kopa kwolan.
Grit, tenas stone: kahkwa stone. Hearsay, cultus kumtuks kopa kwolan.
Grizzly bear, siam. Heart, tumtum.
Groom, kuitan man: man yaka kloshe Heartache, sick tumtum.
nanitch kuitan. ( See bridegroom.) Heat, waum.
Ground, illahee. Heathen, tillikums klaska halo kumtuks
Grouse, glouse; siwash chicken; siwash kopa Saghalie Tyee.
lapool. Heave, mahsh.
Grow, chako hyas. Heaven, Saghalie; Saghalie Tyee yaka
Growl; grumble, sollek's wawa. illahee; koosah; saghalie illahie.
Guard, kloshe nanitch. Heavy, till.
Guardian, man yaka kloshe nanitch te- Heed, (take), kloshe nanitch.
nas. Heirs, yaka tenas, pe yaka kloachman.
Guard house, skookum house. Hell, hyas piah; lejaub yaka illahee;
Guess, mika tumtum; guess. keekwulee illahee.
Guilt, mesachie. Helm, ludda.
Gum, la gome. Help, to, mamook elann: mamook helo.
Gun, musket: sukwalal. Helve, lahash stick: stick kopa lahash.
Gunpowder, polallie. Hen, klootchman chicken.
H Hence, (conj.), kahkwa.
Ha, nah. Hence, (adj.), yukwa.
 AND HOW TO USE
Her, yaka.
Hers, kopa yaka; yakas; yaka.
Herb, lametsin tupso.
Herd, hiyu moosmoos.
Here, yukwa; how; nah.
Hermaphrodite, burdash.
Herring*, tenas pish; oolchus.
Herself, yaka self.
Hey, nah.
Hid, hide, to, (v.), ipsoot.
Hide, skin.
Hig-h, saghalie; long; high.
Hilarity, hiyu heehee.
Highway, ooakut; way hut.
Hill, tenas saghalie illahee.
Him, yaka.
Himself, yaka self.
Hinder, wake siah mamook stop.
Hint, wawa.
Hire, potlatch mamook.
Hired, (passive), iskum mamook.
His, kopa yaka; yakas; yaka.
Hit, to, mamook kokshut; kwulh.
Hit, (passive), chako kokshut.
Hitch, mamook kow.
Hither, yakwa.
Ho, nah; howh.
Hoarse, cole sick wawa.
Hoary, t'kope.
Hoax, pelton mamook.
Hoe, la peosh.
Hog, cosho.
Hoggish, kahkwa cosho.
Hold, iskum; halo mahsh.
Hold on, kloshe mitlite; kloshe
hold on.
Hole, klawhap.
Holiday, hyas Sunday; Sunday.
Holy, kahkwa Saghalie Tyee.
Holy day, lepet.
Holy Ghost, Saint Espli.
Holy orders, lordr; olt.
Holy Trinity, Lasait Trinite.
Hollow, halo ikta mitlite.
Honest, wake kapswalla; halo kumtuks
kapswalla.
Honey, honey; kahkwa shuga.
Honor, kloshe nem.
Hop, sopen.
Hope, tikegh kahkwa.
Hopeful, halo kwass.
Hops, (wild), tlanemas.
Hops, (tame), hops.
Horn, stone; bone.
Horrible; horrid, hyas mesachie.
Horror, hyas kwass.
Horse, kiuatan; kuitan.
Horseback, kopa kuitan.
Horsehair, kuitan tupso.
Horse race, cooley kuitan.
Horse shoes, kuitan shoes; chikamin
shoes.
Hose, stocken.
Hospitable, kloshe.
Hostile, solleks.
Hot, hyas warm.
Hour, tintin; dingding.
House, house.
How, kahta.
IT. 51
How are you? klahowya.
Howl, kamooks yaka wawa.
How large, kunjih hyas.
How many, kunsih; kunjih.
Huckleberries, shot olallie.
Human, kahkwa man.
Humble, halo proud.
Humorous, heehee.
Hundred, tukamonuk.
Hungry, olo.
Hunt, mamook hunt.
Hurl, mahsh.
Hurry, hyak; howh.
Hurt, (adj.), kokshut.
Hurt, (v.), chako kokshut.
Hurt one's feelings, mamook sick tum-
tum; mamook kahta.
Husband, (my), nika man.
Hush, kopet wawa; kopet noise.
Hypocrite, man yaka kloshe kopa yaka
lapush, pe klale kopa yaka tumtum.
I, nika.
Ice, cole chuck.
Idea, tumtum.
Identical, delate kahkwa.
Idiot, pelton man.
Idle, cultus mitlite.
If, spose.
Ignite, mamook piah.
Ignorant, halo kumtuks; blind kopa tum-
tum.
wait; Ill; illness, sick.
Illtreat, mamook mesachie; mamook kah-
ta.
Imbibe, muckamuck.
Imitate, mamook kahkwa.
Imitation, kahkwa mamook.
Immaterial, cultus.
Immeasurable, halo kumtuks kunjih hy-
as.
Immense, delate hyas.
Immigrate, chako kopa ikt illahee.
Immodest; immoral, mesachie.
Impatience, halo tikegh mitlite.
Imperfect, wake delate.
Impossible, wake skookum kopa.
Improbable, (nika) tumtum yaka halo
kahkwa.
Improper, wake kloshe.
Improve, chako tenas kloshe.
In, kopa.
Inability, wake skookum kopa.
Inasmuch, kahkwa.
Incite, mamook waum yaka tumtum.
Incomplete, wake yaka kopet.
Indeed, nawitka.
Independent, (He is), cultus kopa (yaka)
kopa huloima tillikums.
Indian, siwash.
Indian medicine, kelale.
Indifferent, (I am), cultus kopa nika.
Induce (him), mamook haul yaka tum-
tum.
Indulge, iskum.
Industrious, kwanesum mamook.
Inebriate, man yaka kwanesum pahtlum;
52 THE CHINOOK JARGON
man yaka kwanesum muckamuck Kiss, bebe.
whiskey. Kitten, tenas pishpish.
Infant, tenas; chee tenas. Kneel, mamook kahkwa (showing how).
Inherit, iskum spose (mika) papa yaka Knife, opitsah.
minoluse. Knit, mamook stocken.
Ink, klale chuck kopa mamook tzum. Knock, to, koko; mamook kokshut; ma-
Inquire, wawa. mook kahkwa (showing how).
In shore, mahtwillie. Knot, lemah; lemah kopa stick.
Inside, keekwulee. Knotty, hunlkih; hiyu lemah.
Inspire, mamook waum yaka tumtum. Know, to, knowledge, kumtuks.
Instantly, hyak. Knuckle, yahkwa kopa lemah (point to
Insufficient, wake hiyu. it).
Intend (I), nika tumtum.
Intention, tumtum.
Intercede, (you for me), kloshe mika Labor, mamook.
potlatch nika wawa kopa yaka. Lacerate, mamook kokshut.
Interpret, mamook cooley kopa huloima Lack, wake hiyu.
lalang or wawa; mamook kumtuks hu- Lady, klootchman.
loima or wawa. Lamb, tenas sheep; tenas lemooto; sheep
Interval, tenas laly. yaka tenas.
Intimate, kloshe. Lame, klook teahwit; sick kopa lapea.
Invade, klatawa pe tikegh pight. Lament, cly tumtum.
Invisible (to you), wake kahta mika Lamprey eel, skwakwal; skwokwol.
nanitch. Land, illahee.
Inward, keewulee. Landlord, tyee.
Iron, chikamin. Land otter, inamooks.
Irresolute, wake skookum tumtum. Lane, ooakut; wayhut.
Irrigate, mamook cooley chuck. Language, la lang.
Is, Mitlite is sometimes used, and some- Lard, cosho glease.
times no word is used. Large, hyas.
Island, ailand; tenas illahee. Lark, tenas kalakala.
It, yaka, yahka. Last, delate kimta; kimta kopa kono-
Itch, tlihtlih. way.
Its, kopa yaka; yakas; yaka. Lately, chee; tenas ahukuttie.
Itself, yaka self. Laugh, heehee; mamook heehee.
Ivy, stick kahkwa lope. Laughter, heehee.
Launch, mahsh boat or ship kopa chuck.
Lawn, kloshe tupso illahee.
Jail, skookum house. Lay, mahsh.
Jargon (Chinook), Chinook. Lazy, lazy.
Jealous, sick tunftum. Lead, (n.), kalitan.
Jerk, hyak mamook haul. Lead, (v.), mamook cooley.
Jerked beef, moosmoos itlwillie chako Leader, tyee.
dly. Lean, (adj.), halo glease.
Jest, cultus wawa. Lean, (v.), lagh.
Job, mamook. Leap, to, sopena.
Join, chako kunamokst. Learn, iskum kumtuks; kumtuks.
Joke, (n.), cultus wawa. Learned, kumtuks hiyu.
Joke, (v.), mamook heehee. Least, elip tenas kopa konaway.
Jolly, heehee tumtum. Leather, skin; dly skin.
Journey, cooley. Leave, (v.), mahsh; klatawa.
Joy, joyful, youtl tumtum. Leave off, to, kopet.
Judge, tyee kopa court. Lecture, wawa.
Jug, stone labooti. Leg, teahwit; lapea.
Juice, olallie chuck. Legal, kloshe kopa law.
Jump, to, sopena. Legend, wawa; wake delate wawa.
Jury, man kopa court klaska tikegh; Leggings, mitass.
kumtuks konoway mesachie, pe ma- Legislature, tyee man klaska mamook
mook kloshe kopa tillikums. law.
Just, delate. Lend, to, ayahwhul; tikegh owe.
Lent, (n.), lekalem; olo time.
Less, tenas.
Kamass root, lakamass. Letter, papah.
Kettle, ketling. Level, konoway kahkwa; flat.
Key, lekleh. Liar, yaka kumtuks wawa kliminawhit.
Kick, to, mamook kokshut; chukkin. Liberal, kloshe kopa cultus potlatch.
Kill, mamook mimoluse. Lick, to, (v.), klakwun.
Kind, kloshe. Lice, inapoo.
Kindred, tillikums. Lie, (n.), kliminawhit wawa.
 AND HOW TO USE IT. 53

Iiie,(v.), wawa kliminawhit. Mark, (v.), mamook tzum.

Lie down, mitlite. Market, mahkook house.
Light, (not heavy), halo till; wake till. Marriage; marry, malieh.
Light, (not dark), halo polaklie. Martyr, tillikum yaka mimoluse kopa
Ligntning, saghalie piah. saghalie tyee yaka wawa.
Like, (adj.), kahkwa. Marvel, mamook tumtum — ikta okoke.
Like, (v.), tikegh. Mask, stick seahost.
Limb, lemah; stick yaka lemah. Massacre, (v.), cultus mamook mimoluse.
Linger, mitlite; halo chako. Mass, (ceremony of), la messe.
Linguist, yaka kumtuks hiyu lalang. Mast, ship stick.
Liniment, lametsin kopa skin; optlah. Mat, kliskwiss.
Lips, lapush, (point to them). Maternal, kahkwa mama.
Lisp, wake delate wawa. Mathematics, book yaka mamook kum-
Listen, nah; nanitch. tuks nesika kopa mamook kwunnum.
Little, tenas. Matrimony, malieh.
Live, (adj.), halo mimoluse. Matron, tyee klootchman.
Live, (v.), mitlite. Mattock, lapeosh.
Lodge, (n.), tenas house; si wash house. Mature, piah.
Lodge, (v.), mitlite. Maximum, elip hiyu kopa konoway.
Lofty, saghalie. Mayor, tyee kopa town.
Logging camp, stick house. Me, nika.
Lonely, kopet ikt. Meadow, tupso illahee.
Long, youtlkut. Mean, delate cultus; wake kloshe.
Long ago, ahnkuttie. Measure, to, tahnim; mamook measure.
Look, to, nanitsh; nah. Meat, itlwillie; meat.
Look around, cultus nanitch. Meddle, mamook kopa halo yaka busi-
Look here! nah. ness; cultus mamook kopa huloima
Lookout! klose nanitsh. yaka business; okoke halo yaka busi-
Looking-glass, shelokum. ness, pe yaka cultus mamook.
Loose, (v.), stoh; mahsh kow. Medicine, la mestin.
Louse, inapoo. Meditate, mamook tumtum.
Lose the way, to, tsolo; tseepie wayhut. Meek, kloshe; halo solleks; kwan.
Louse, enapoo, or inapoo. Meet, chako kunamokst.
Love, to, tikegh. Melancholy, sick tumtum.
Low, keekwulee. Melt, chako chuck; chako kahkwa chuck;
Lower, (adj.), elip keekwulee. chako klimmin.
Lower, (v.), mamook keekwulee. Memory, tumtum.
Lowly, halo proud tumtum. Mend, to, mamook tip-shin.
Lukewarm, tenas lazy; tenas waum. Menstruate, to, mahsh pilpil.
Lug, lolo. Mental, kopa tumtum.
Lumber, laplash. Mention, wawa.
Lunch, muckamuck. Merchandise, iktas.
Merchant, mahkook man.
M Merchantable, kloshe kopa mahkook.
Mad, solleks. Merciful, (to be); Mercy, (to have), ma-
Madam, klootchman. mook klahowya.
Magic, tamahnous. Message, (verbal), wawa.
Magistrate, tyee. Message, (written), papah.
Magnificent, delate hyas kloshe. Metal, metallic, chikamin; kahkwa chika-
Maize, corn; esalth. min.
Majority, elip hiyu. Metropolis, tyee town.
Make, to, mamook. Midday, sitkum sun.
Male, man. Middle, the, katsuk; sitkum.
Malice, mesachie tumtum; solleks. Midnight, sitkum polaklie.
Mallard duck, hahthaht. Midsummer, sitkum kopa waum illahee.
Mama, mama. Midst, kunamokst.
Man, man. Might, (n.), skookum; (imp. of may;
Manage, tolo; mamook. klonas.
Mangle, hiyu mamook cut. Migrate, klatawa.
Mankind, konoway tillikums. Mild, kloshe.
Manly, kahkwa man. Military, kopa sojers.
Manner, kahkwa kwanesum yaka ma- Milk, totoosh.
mook. Milkman, totoosh man.
Manufactory, moola. Milky, kahkwa totoosh.
Many, hyiu. Mill, moola.
Maple, isick stick. Miller,moola man.
Marble, kloshe stone. Mimic, mamook kahkwa.
Mare, klootchman kuitan. Mind, the, tumtum.
Mark, (n.), tzum. Mine, illahee kah chikamin mitlite.
54 THE CHINOOK JARGON
Mingle, klatawa kunamokst; mamook Mustard, piah tupso.
kunamokst; mahsh kunamokst. Mute, halo wawa.
Minister, leplet. Mutter, wawa.
Minor, tenas; elip tenas. Mutton, sheep yaka meat; lemooto yaka
Miracle, skookum mamook; huloima ma- itlwillie.
mook. My, mine, nika; kopa nika; nikas.
Mischief, cultusmamook. Myself, nika self.
Misconduct, mesachie mamook. Mystery, hyas huloima.
Mispronounce, halo delate wawa; tseepie
wawa; huloima wawa.
Miss, to, tseepie. Nab, iskum.
Missionary, leplet. Nag*, tenas kuitan.
Mistake, (v.), mamook tseepie. Nails, le cloo; nail.
Mistake, (n.), tseepie mamook. Naked, halo ikta mitlite.
Misty, tenas snass. Name, nem; yahhul.
Misunderstand, halo kumtuks. Nameless, halo nem.
Mix, mamook kunamokst; mamook klim- Nap, tenas sleep; tenas moosum.
min. Napkin, sail kopa mamook kloshe spose
Moccasins, skin-shoes. nesika muckamuck.
Mock, mamook shem; mamook heehee. Narrate, narrative, wawa.
Moderate, wake hyak. Narrow, halo wide.
Modest, kloshe. Nasty, wake kloshe; mesachie.
Moisture, tenas chuck. Nation, tillikums.
Mole, skad; kilapailemai. Native, delate yaka illahee.
Molasses, melass; silup; molassis. Navigate, klatawa kopa chuck.
Monday, Ikt Sun. Nay, wake; halo.
Money, chikamin; dolla. Near, wake siah.
Month, moon. Neat, kloshe.
—
Monthly, ikt moon ikt moon. Neck, le cou; lecoo; neck.
Moon, moon. Need, hyas tikegh.
Moonlight; moonshine, moon yaka light. Needle, keepwot; tupshin; needle.
Moose, ulchey; hyas mo witch. Negative, halo; wake.
Moral, kloshe. Neglect, halo kloshe nanitch.
More, weght; elip hlyu. Negro, klale man; nigga.
Morning", tenas sun. Neighborhood, tilikums mitlite wake
Moss, tupso. siah.
Mosquito, melakwa; dago. Nephew, sister or ats, or kahpo or ow
Most, elip hiyu kopa konoway. yaka tenas man.
Mother, mama; naah; nana. Never, wake kunjih.
Motherless, halo mama. New, chee.
Motherly, kahkwa mama. News, chee wawa.
Mountain, la monti; stone illahee; la- Nice, kloshe.
motai. Niece, sister or ats, or ow or kahpo yaka
Mourn, cly tumtum. tenas klootchman.
Mouse, hoolhool; cultus hoolhool. Nigh, wake siah.
Mouth, la push; la boos. Night, polaklie.
Move, tenas mahsh; mamook move. Nine, kweest or kwaist.
Mow, mamook cut; mamook tlkope. Nineteen, tahtlelum pe nine, or kweest.
Mower, machine kopa mamook cut hay. Ninety, nine or kweest tahtlum.
Much, hyiu; hiyu. Nip, mamook stop, mamook cut.
Mud, mud; klimmin illahee. No, not, halo; wake.
Muddy, (water), illahee mitlite kopa Nobody, tillikum.
chuck. Nod, kahkwa sleep or moosum; wake
Muddy, (ground), chuck mitlite kopa siah sleep, or moosum.
illahee. Noise, noise, latlah.
Mule, le mel; lemool. Noiseless, halo noise.
Mulish, kahkwa lemool. Noisy, hiyu noise.
Mum, halo wawa. None, halo; wake.
Murder, mamook mimoluse. Nonsense, cultus wawa.
Murmur, (n.), tenas pight wawa. Noon, sitkum sun.
Murmur, (v.), potlatch tenas pight wawa. North, kah cole chako.
Muse, mamook tumtum. Nose, nose; emeets.
Music, sing. Not, halo; wake.
Musician, man yaka kumtuks sing. Nothing*, halo ikta.
Musical instrument, tin tin; (Indian Notwithstanding, kegh-tchie.
pompon). Not yet, kawek.
Musket, musket. Nourish, potlatch, muckamuck; kloshe
Mussels, toluks; mussels. nanitch.
Must, mamook skookum haul. Now, alta.
 AND HOW TO USE IT. 55

Nowhere, halo kah. Oration, wawa.

Numb, kahkwa mimoluse. Orator, man yaka delate kumtuks pot-
Number, klonas kunjih. latch wawa.
Numerals — Order (v.), mahsh wawa; potlatch wawa.
1, Ikt, or icht. Order, to, mahsh tumtum.
2, Mokst, or moxt. Orchard, orchard; kah hiyu apple stick
3, Klone. mitlite.
4, Lakit, or lokit. Ore, chikamin stone.
5, Kwinnum. Original, chee; elip; olishinel.
6, Taghum, or tughum. Orphan, halo papa halo mama.
7, Sinamokst, or sinamoxt. Other, huloima.
8, Stotekin. Otter, otter; nawamuks.
9, Kwaist, or kweest. Otter (land), nenamooks; otter.
10, Tahtlelum, or tahtlum. Ought, delate kloshe.
11, Tahtlelum pe ikt, or tahtlum pe icht. Our, ours, nesika; kopa nesika.
20, Mokst tahtlelum, or moxt tahtlum. Ourselves, nesika self.
100, Ikt takamonuk, or icht tukamonuk, Out, outdoors, outside, klaghanie; kla-
cr (tahtlum-tahtlum, —
ten tens).
Nurse, (n.), klootchman or man yaka
hanie.
Outlaw, hyas mesachie tillikum.
kloshe nanitch. Outrage, mamook hyas mesachie.
Nurse, (v.), kloshe nanitch. Oval, kahkwa egg.
Nuts, tukwilla; toholal; nuts. Oven, oven; kah mamook piah sapolil.
Nutrition, muckamuck. Over (above), saghalie.
Over (other side), eneti.
Overalls, overalls; klahanie sakolleks.
Oak, kull stick; kahnahway stick. Overcoat, hyas coat; hyas kapo.
Oar, la lahm. Overboard, klahanie kopa boat.
Oats, la wen; la ween. Overcome, tolo.
Obedience, obedient, obey, iskum wawa; Overshoes, klahanie shoes; saghalie
mamook kahkwa yaka wawa. shoes.
Object, wawa halo. Overthrow, mamook halo; tolo.
Oblige (a favor), mamook help. Owl, waugh waugh; kwel kwel.
Obscene, mesachie. Ox, man moosmoos; moosmoos.
Obscure, halo delate kumtuks. Oyster, chetlo; oysters; klogh-klogh.
Observe, nanitch.
Obtain, iskum.
Ocean, hyas salt chuck. Pacify, mamook kloshe.
Ochre, kawkawak illahee. Pack, (n.), ikt kow.
Odd, huloima. Pack, (v.), lolo.
Odor, humm. Package, ikt kow.
Off, klak. Paddle, (n.), isick.
Offend, mamook solleks; mamook kata. Paddle, (v.), mamook isick.
Offer, tikegh potlatch. Paid, potlatch pay or dolla.
Officer, tyee. Paid, (passive), Iskum pay or dolla.
Off shore, mahtlinnie. Fain, sick; pain; addedah; anah.
Often, hiyu times. Faint, pent; chym.
Oil (n.), glease. Faint, to, mamook pent.
Oil (v), mamook glease. Fair, mokst.
Oil cloth, snass sail. Palace, hyas kloshe house.
Oily, kahkwa glease. Pale, t'kope.
Ointment, lametsin; lametsin kopa skin. Paltry, tenas; cultus.
Old, old man, oleman. Pamphlet, tenas book.
Old woman, lammieh; lummieh. Pansy, kloshe tupso.
Omit, mahsh. Pant, skookum mamook wind.
Omnipotent, delate hyas skookum. Panther, hyas pishpish; panther; swad-
Omnipresent, mitlite konoway kah. wa.
Omniscient, kumtuks konoway ikta. Pants, sakolleks.
On, kopa. Pap, lip totoosh.
One, ikt. Papa, papa.
One or another, ikt-ikt. Paper, pehpah; papah.
One-eyed, ikt seahhost. Fappoose, tenas; papoos.
Onion, unjun; ulalach; lesoio. Parade, (n.), show.
Onion (wild), kalaka. Parade, (v.), mamook show; kloshe klat-
Only (one), kopet ikt. awa.
Open, kahlakl; halakl; open. Pardon, mamook klahowya.
Operate, mamook. Parents, papa pe mama.
Opinion, turn turn. Park, kloshe illahee.
Opposite to, inati; enati. Parson, leplet.
Or, pe. Parsonage, leplet yaka house.
56 THE CHINOOK JARGON
Part, sitkum. Plain (n.), kloshe illahee.
Partake, iskum. Plain (adj.), kloshe; delate.
Pass, (v.), klatawa; klatawa eneti. Plan (n.), tumtum.
Pastor, leplet. Plan (v.), mamook tumtum.
Paternal, kahkwa papa. Flank, laplash.
Path, ooakut; wayhnt. Plate, la siet; plate.
Pauper, klahowya tillikum. Flay (n. ), heehee.
Paw, kamooks or itchwoot yaka lapea; Play (v.), mamook heehee.
lapea. Playhouse, heehee house.
Pay, pay; potlatch dolla. Flay with stringed instrument, mamook
Peas, le pwau; peas; lepwah. tuletule.
Peep, tenas nanitch. Plead, skookum wawa.
Pelt, skin. Pleasant, please; kloshe.
Pen, (fence), kullaghan. Pleased, youtl; kwatl.
Pen, (for writing-), pen; tzum stick. Plentiful, plenty; hiyu.
Penance, lapelitans; laplitas. Plow, Plough, (n.), le shalloo; plow;
Pencil, pencil; tzum stick. klugh.
Penitent, sick tumtum. Plow, Plough, (v.), mamook plow; ma-
skookum house.
Penitentiary, hyas mook kokshut illahee; klugh illahie.
Penman, tzum man. Plural, hiyu.
Fentecost, lapatkot. Pole, la pehsh; pole.
People, tilikum, tillikums. Poll tax, taxes kopa latet.
Perfect, delate kloshe. Polygamist, man yaka mitlite hiyu
Perfume, lametsin kopa nose. klootchman.
Perhaps, klonas. Pompous, hyas tumtum.
Peril,mesachie mitlite. Pond, mimoluse chuck.
Permanent, kwanesum mitlite. Ponder, mamook tumtum.
Permit, wawa nawitka. Pool, tenas chuck.
Perpetual, kwanesum. Poor, klahowya; halo ikta; klahowyum.
Perspiration, chuck kopa skin. Pope, lepap.
Perspire, chuck mitlite kopa skin. Popular, kloshe kopa hiyu tillikums.
Persevere, persist; kwanesum; mamook. Population, tillikums.
Person, tillikum. Pork, cosho; cosho itlwillie.
Persuade, wawa pe toto. Possess, mitlite.
Person, tillikum. Possible, skookum kopa.
Persuade, wawa pe toto. Postmaster, tyee kopa papah house.
Peruse, mamook read. Postpone, wawa "alki mamook."
Pervert, mamook huloima;. Posteriors, opoots.
Petrified, chako stone. Potato, wappatoo; lapatak.
Petticoat, kalakwahtie; keekwulee coat Potent, skookum.
kopa klootchman; petticoat; kalak- Pound, pound; till.
wapte. Pour, mahsh; wagh.
Photograph, tzum seahost. Poverty, klahowya.
Physic, lametsin. Powder, polallie; powder.
Physician, doctin. Power, skookum.
Physiology, book yaka mamook kum Practical, kloshe; delate kumtuks ma-
tuks nesika kopa nesika self. mook.
Pick (n.), pick; (v), iskum; tikegh. Practice, mamook.
Picnic, muckamuck.
Prairie, kloshe illahee; tupso illahee.
Picture, tzum; papah.
Piebald, le kye. Prairie Wolf, talapus; hyas opoots tala-
Piece, sitkum. pus.
Piety, kloshe tumtum kopa Saghalie Praise, wawa mahsie.
Tyee. Pray, wawa kopa saghalie tyee.
Pig, cosho; tenas cosho. Prayer, wawa kopa saghalie tyee; plie;
Pigeon, pigeon; kwass kala kala. laprier; talapusha.
Pile (n.), hiyu. Preacher, leplet.
Pilot, pilot; man yaka mamook cooley. Precious, hyas kloshe; hyas mahkook.
Pill,lametsin. Precise, delate.
steamer, or boat or ship. Predecessors, klaksta man yaka mitlite
Pin, kwekwiens; pin; kwekweens; kwek- elip.
wiut. Preface, elip wawa.
Pine, lagome stick. Prefer, elip tikegh.
Pint, sitkum quart. Pregnant, mitlite tenas kopa yaka belly.
Pipe, la peep; pipe. Prepare, mamook kloshe; mamook ready.
Pitch, la gome. Prepare (passive), chako ready.
Pitchy, la gome mitlite. Present (n. v.), cultus potlatch.
Pity (v), mamook klahowya. Presently, alkie; winapie.
Place (his.), kah yaka mitlite. Preserve, kloshe nanitch.
 AND HOW TO USE IT. 57

President, president; tyee kopa Wash- Quarter, tenas sitkum.

ington. Quarter (of a dollar), kwahta.
Press, mamook kwotl. Quarterly, ikt time kopa klone moon.
Pretend, halo delate mamook or wawa. Quartz, tkope stone.
Pretty, kloshe; toketie. Queen, tyee klootchman.
Prevail, tolo. Queer, huloima.
Price (what), kunjih dolla. Quell, Quench, mamook kopet.
Prick, mamook kahkwa needle. Questions, wawa.
Pride, proud; youtl tumtum. Quick, Quickly, hyak.
t Priest, le plet.
Prime, elip.
Quiet, kwann.
Quills, tepeh; kalakala yaka tupso.
Print, mamook tzum. Quilt, quilt; tzum paseesie.
Prior, elip. Quilt, kopet.
Prison, skookum house. Quiver, stick kalitan lesak.
Prisoner, tillikum kopa skookum house. Quorum, elip sitkum.
Private, kopet ikt.
Probably, klonas nawitka.
Probably Not, klonas halo. Rabid, hyas solleks.
Proclaim, Proclamation, wawa. Rabble, cultus tillikums.
Profane, wake kloshe kopa saghalie tyee. Rabbit, kwitshadie; kwitshoddie.
Profit, tolo. Race, hyak cooley.
Progenitor, ahnkuttie papa. Race Horse, cooley kuitan; kuitan yaka
Prohibit, mamook stop; mamook kopet. kumtuks cooley.
Promise, delate wawa. Ragged, itkas yaka kokshut.
Prompt, hyak. Rain, snass.
Prophet, leplet yaka wawa elip; plopet. Raise, mamook saghalie.
Prosper, tolo. Rainy, hiyu snass.
Protect, kloshe nanitch. Rake, comb kopa illahee.
Proud, youtl; kwetlh; proud tumtum; Ramble, cultus cooley.
youtl tumtum. Ranch, illahee; ranch.
Protestantism, Boston plie. Rap, mamook kokshut; koko.
Prove, delate kumtuks; prove. Rape, kapswalla klootchman.
Provide, iskum iktas; kloshe nanitch. Rapid, hyak.
Provided That, spose. Rapids, skookum chuck; cooley chuck.
Providence, saghalie tyee. Rare, wake hiyu.
Provoke, mamook solleks. Rascal, mesachie tillikum.
Provoke (passive), chako solleks. Rash, cultus mamook hyak.
Prow, nose kopa boat or ship. Rasp, hyas file; hyas lalim.
Prowl, cultus klatawa. Raspberries, seapho olallie; itlawa.
Public, kloshe kopa konoway tillikums. Rat, hyas hoolhool; colecole.
Publish, mamook kumtuks. Rather, elip tikegh.
Pugilist, man yaka tikegh pight. Rattle, shugh (shake).
Pugnacious, tikegh pight. Rattlesnake, shugh opoots; shek opoots.
Puke, muckamuck yaka kilapie; kilapie Rave, chako clazy.
muckamuck; mahsh yaka muckamuk Raven, kaka.
klahanie kopa yaka lapush. Raw, wake yaka piah; halo piah.
Pull, haul. Razor, Knife, opitsah.
Pull Off, mamook haul; mamook tlak. Razor Pish, ona.
Pup, Puppy, tenas kamooks. Reach, ko; iskum; mamook kwotl.
Purchase, mahkook. Read, Read, kumtuks papah.
Purgatory, tenas piah. Real, Really, delate.
Pure, delate kloshe. Reap, mamook cut.
Purple, wake siah klale. Rear, kimta.
Purpose, tumtum. Reason (v.), mamoon tumtum.
Purse, dolla yaka lesak; lesak kopa dolla. Reason (What), (n.), pe kahta.
Pursue, klatawa kimta. Reassemble, wegt klatawa.
Push, mamook push; kwutl. Reassert, weght wawa.
Put, mahsh. Rebel, Rebellion, pight kopa tyee.
Putrid, humm. Rebuild, weght mamoon house.
Putrify, chako humm. Rebuke, skookum wawa.
Puzzle (v.), halo klap tumtum. Recall, weght wawa.
Recede, kilapie.
Receive, iskum.
Quail (n.), illahee; kulakala. Recent, chee.
Quail (v.), chako kwass. Reckon, mamook tumtum.
Quarrel, solleks wawa; tenas pight. Recline, mitlite.
Quarrel (v.), chako solleks; mamook Recognize, kumtuks. ../

pight. Recollect, klap turn turn.

58 THE CHINOOK JARGON
Recommend, wawa kloshe. Revive, wind kilapie; kilapie wind.
Reconquer, weght tolo. Ribbon, le loba.
Reconsider, weght mamook tumtum. Rice, lice.
Recount, weght wawa. Rich, halo klahowya; mitlite hiyu iktas
Recover, iskum. pe dolla.
Recreation, kloshe time. Rid (Get rid of), mahsh.
Rectum, opoots. Ride, klatawa kopa kuitan or chikchik.
Recumbent, mitlite. Ridicule (n.), shem; heehee.
Red, pil. Ridicule (v.), mamook shem; mamook
Redden, pilpil. heehee.
Reddish, wake siah pil; kahkwa pil. Rifle, callipeen.
Red Hot, hyas warm pe chako pil. Right, kloshe.
Reduce, mamook keekwulee. Right Hand, kloshe lemah.
Re-embark, weght klatawa kopa boat. Ring, kweokweo.
Re-enter, weght klatawa kopa house. Ring the Bell, mamook tintin.
Refine, mamook delate kloshe. Ripe, piah.
Reform, chako kloshe. Ripen, chako piah.
Refresh, chako chee. Rise, Get Up, mitwhit.
Refund, kilapie dolla. Risk, cultus kopa nika; (I will risk it)
Refuse (n.), cultus ikta. halo nika kwass.
Refuse (v.), wawa halo; (if unobliging- River, chuck; cooley chuck; liver.
ly) mamook kwish. Road, ooakut; wayhut.
Reg-ret, sick tumtum. Roam, Klatawa kah.
Regular, kwanesum kahkwa. Roan Colored, sandelie.
Reject, mahsh. Roast, mamook la pellah; mamook piah;
Rejoice, youtl tumtum. mamook cook.
Relate, To, yiem; wawa. Rob, kapswalla.
Relation, Relative, tillikum. Robin, pil koaten.
Release, mahsh; mahsh kow. Rock, Stone, hyas stone.
Reliable, kloshe; halo nika kwass kopa Rocky, hiyu stone mitlite.
yaka; (I am not afraid of him, or ha Roe (of Fish), pish eggs; pish lesep.
is reliable). Roll, kalapie.
Relief, help. Root, stick keekwulee kopa illahee.
Relieve, mamook help; potlatch help. Rope, lope.
Religion, saghalie tyee yaka wawa. Rosary, leshaple.
Relish, kloshe kopa lapush. Rose (n.), kloshe tupso.
Remain, mitlite. Rosin, lagome; kull lagome.
Remainder (What?), kunjih mitlite. Rot, chako rotten.
Remainder (This is), okoke mitlite. Rotten, poolie; rotten.
Remarry, weght malieh. Round, lolo; lowullo; (whole; the entire
Remedy (n.), kloshe lametsin. of anything).
Remedy (v.), mamook kloshe. Rove, cultus klatawa; cultus cooley.
Remember (To not forget), mitlite kopa Row (v.), mamook lalahm.
tumtum; wake kopet kumtuks. Rower, man yaka kumtuks mamook
Remember (To remember after having lalahm.
forgotten), klap tumtum. Rubber Coat, snass coat.
Remit, mahsh. Rudder, boat opoots; ludder.
Remorse, sick tumtum. Rude, cultus.
Remote, siah. Ruin, mamook halo.
Remount, weght klatawa saghalie. Rum, lum; whiskey.
Remove; mahsh, lolo. Rumor, cultus wawa.
Rend, mamook kokshut. Run, hyak cooley.
Renew, mamook chee. Run Away, kapswalla klatawa.
Renown, hyas kloshe nem. Rupture, kokshut.
Repair, mamook kloshe. Rust, pil ikta kopa chikamin.
Repeal, mamook halo.
Repeat, weght wawa.
Reply, kelapie wawa. Sabbath, Sunday, Sante.
Reprove, potlatch skookum wawa. Sable, mink.
Reside, mitlite. Sack, le sak.
Resolute, skookum tumtum. Sacrament, Jesus yaka muckamuck;
Resolve, mamook tumtum. sacramenta; saklema.
Rest, cultus mitlite. Sacred, kloshe kopa saghalie tyee.
Restaurant, muckamuck house. Sad, sick tumtum.
Resurrect, Resurrection, get up. Saddle, la sell.
Retreat (v.), Return, Reverse, kelipi; Saddle Housings, pe pishemo.
kilapie. Safe, kloshe.
Review, mamook tumtum. Sail, sail.
 )

AND HOW TO USE IT. 59

Sailor, shipman. Serve, mamook.

Saint, Christian, lesai; sai before the Seven, sinamoxt; sinamokst.
names of men, except those which be- Seventeen, tahtlum pe sinamokst.
gin with vowels; sait before those of Seventy, sinamokst tahtlum.
females and nouns which begin with Several, tenas hiyu.
vowels. Sew, to, mamook tipshin; mamook sew.
Saints, lesai. Shackle,mamook kow; mahsh chikamin
Saint John, Sai Sha. kopa yaka lemah.
Salesman, mahkook man. Shake, to, toto; hullel.
Sallal Berries, sallal olallie. Shaker ("A religious sect which arose
Salmon, salmon. on Puget Sound about 1882 somewhat
Salt, salt. allied in principle to the Messiah
Same, kahkwa. craze; and which took its name from
Sand, polallie; polallie illahee; tenas the rapid, nervous shaking of its fol-
stone kahkwa polallie. lowers." — Eells.
Sanguine, skookum tumtum. Shall, alki; byby; winapie.
Sap, chuck kopa stick. Shallow, wake keekwulee.
Sash, la sanjel; belt. Shame, shem.
Satan, lejaub; diaub. Shameless, halo shem; halo kumtuks
Satanic, kahkwa lejaub. shem.
Satisfied (I am), kloshe kopa nika. Share (It is my), okoke nikas; okoke
Saturday, taghum sun. kopa nika.
Savage, Wild, old pashion; siwasli. Shark, shark; hyas kamooks pish.
Save, iskum. Sharp, yahkisilth; sharp; tsish;
Saw, la gwin; la scie; lasee. pahkisilth; iakesilh.
Say, to, wawa; wauwau; nah. Sharpen, to,mamook tsish.
Scales, ikta kopa mamook till. Shatter, mamook kokshut.
Scant, Scanty, wake hiyu. She, Her, yahka; yaka.
Scarce, wake hiyu. Sheep, le mooto; lummeto.
Scarf, hyas sail kopa neck. Sheet, sail.
Scare, mamook kwass. Shell Money (the small size), coopcoop;
Scatter, mahsh konoway kah. allekacheek. (The large) hykwa;
Scent (n.), humn. haikwa.
Scent (v.), mamook humn. Shingle, lebahdo.
Scholar, tenas kopa school; school tenas Shine (v.), mamook kloshe.
Schooner, mokst stick ship. Shining, towagh.
Scissors, le seezo; sezo. Ship, ship.
Scold, skookum wawa. Shirt, shut.
Scream, hyas skookum cly. Shoal, wake keekwulee.
Scripture, Bible, saghalie tyee yaka book Shoes, shoes; shush; tkitlipa.
or papah. Shoot, to, mamook poo.
Scythe, hyas knife kopa hay; youtlkut Shore, illahee.
opitsah. Shore (Towards), matline.
Sea, salt chuck; sea. Short, yuteskut; halo long.
Seal, olhiyu; siwash cosho. Shortly, alkie; winapie.
Second, mokst. Shot, shot; tenas le bal; kalitan.
Secret, ipsoot. Shot Pouch, kalitan lesac; tsolepat.
Secure, kloshe. Shoulders, okchok.
Seduce, kapswalla. Shout, to, hyas wawa.
See, to, nanitsh. Shovel, la pell.
Seek, mamook hunt; klatawa pe tikegh Shower, tenas snass.
klap. Shriek, skookum wawa.
Seize, iskum. Shudder, kwass pe shake.
Seldom, wake hiyu. Shut, to, ikpooie; mamook ikpooie.
Select, iskum ikta mika tikegh. Shy, kwass.
Sell, mahsh mahkook. (Eells says.
to, Sick, sick; etsitsa.
"Mahsh is now used, to sell, and Sicken, mamook sick.
huyhuy to trade and exchange, Sickly, tenas sick.
mahkook, to buy.) Side, side; (this side, yukwa; that side,
Send, mahsh. yahwa.)
Senior, elip. Sift, to,toto.
Sense, kumtuks; latet. Sigh, tenas cly.
Separate (adj.), huloima. Sightless, halo nanitch; blind.
Separate (v.), mamook cut. Sign, kahkwa picture.
Serious, wake heehee. Silence (n.), halo noise.
Sermon, saghalie tyee yaka wawa. Silence (v., imp.), kopet noise; howh.
Serpent, oluk; snake. Silk, la sway; lasoy; laswa; slik cloth;
Servant, kahkwa elite. skookum sail.
60 THE CHINOOK JARGON
Silly, kahkwa pelton. Solitary, kopet ikt.
Silver, tkope chikamin; tkope dolla. Some, tenas hiyu; sitkum.
Similar, kahkwa. Sometimes, tenas hiyu times.
Simmer, tenas liplip. Someooay, ikt man; klonas klaksta.
Simply, kopet. Son, tenas.
Sin, Sinful, mesachie; lepeshe. Soon, alki.
Since, kimta. Sorcerer, tamahnous man.
Sincere, delate. Sore, sick.
Sing-, to, shantie. Sorrel Colored, a sorrel horse, le blau:
Single, kopet ikt. pil; pil kuitan.
Sink (to), mahsh keekwulee; (it sinks) Sorry, Sorrow, sick tumtum.
klatawa keekwulee; klip. Soul, tumtum; sele.
Sinner, mesachie tillikum. Sound, noise; latlah.
Sip, muckamuck chuck. Soup, lasup; liplip muckamuck.
Sirup, melass; silup. Sour, kwates; sour.
Sister, kahpho (if older than the South, kah sun mitlite kopa sitkum sun.
speaker) ; elip ats. Sow (n.), klootchman cosho.
Sisterly, kahkwa ats. Sow (v.), mahsh.
Sit, to, mitlite. Spade, la pell.
Six, taghum; tohum. Spanish piah lametsin.
flies,
Sixteen, tahtlum pe taghum. Spark, tenas piah.
Sixty-one, taghum tahtlum pe ikt. Sparrow, tenas kalakala.
Size (what), kunjih hyas. Speak, to, wawa.
Skeptic, man yaka halo iskum saghalie Speaker, wawa man; man yaka kumtuks
tyee yaka wawa. wawa.
Skill, kumtuks mamook. Spectacles, glass seahost; dolla seahost;
Skin, skin. lakit seahost.
Skull, bone kopa seahost (point to it). Speed, speedy, hyak.
Skunk, hum opoots; peshes, piupiu; Spend, mahsh.
skubeyou. Spider, skookum (when spoken of as a
Sky, koosagh; saghalie; ekusah. tamahnous.
Slab, cultus laplash. Spill, to,wagh; mahsh.
Slander, mesachie wawa; kliminawhit Spine, bone kopa back.
wawa. Spirit, tumtum; life.
Slap, mamook kokshut. Spirits, tamahnous.
Slave, elite; mistchimas; mistshimus. Spirits, lum; whiskey.
Slay, mamook mimoluse. Spit, mahsh lapush chuck; mamook toh.
Sleep, moosum; sleep. Splendid, hyas kloshe.
Sleepless, halo moosum; halo sleep. Split, to, mamook tsugh; mamook kok-
Sleepy, tikegh moosum; tikegh sleep. shut; wagh; tsugh.
Sleight of hand, tamanous. Split (passive), kokshut; chako kokshut;
Slight (adj.), tenas. chako tsugh.
Sling (v.), mahsh. mamook spoil; mamook
Spoil, mesachie;
Sling* (n.), tenas lope kopa mahsh stone. mamook cultas.
Slip, wake siah fall down. Spoil (passive), spoil; chako spoil; puli.
Slippery, cultus; loholoh. Spoon, spoon.
Slow, Slowly, klahwa; wake hyak. Sport, heehee.
Slut, klootchman kamooks. Spotted, tzum; le kye.
Sly, ipsoot. Spring (v.), sopen; jump.
Small, tenas. Spring, (n.), tenas waum illahee.
Smell, a, humm. Spurs, le see bio.
Smile, tenas heehee. Spy, nanitch skookum.
Smite, mamook kokshut. Squall, skookum wind pe snass.
Smoke (n.), smoke. Squaw, Siwash klootchman.
Smoke (v.), mamooksmoke. Squeal, wawa kahkwa cosho.
Smoky (very), hiyu smoke. Squeeze, kwutl.
Smooth, kloshe. Squirrel,skwiskwis; kwiskwis.
Snake, oluk; wahpoos; snake. Stab, to,klemahun; mamook cut; mam-
Snare, Trap, lapeage; kwalta. ook kokshut kopa knife.
Snow, snow; cole snass. Stable, kuitan house.
So, kahkwa. Stag, man mowitch.
Soak, mitlite kopa chuck. Stage, chikchik; tsiktsik.
Soap, soap. Stagger, klatawa kahkwa pahtlum man.
Soft, klimrnin. Stale, oleman.
Soil, illahee. Stallion, man kuitan; yaka mitlite stone;
Soldiers, sogers. stud horse.
Solely, kopet. Stamps (postage), tzum seahost.
Solicit, wawa; ask. Stand, to, mitwhit.
 THE CHINOOK JARGON 61

Stars, tsiltsil; chilchil. Succeed, tolo.

Stare, skookum nanitch.
Start, klatawa; chee klatawa.
State, hyas illahee.
Stay, to, mitlite.
Steady, (be), kloshe nanitch.
Steal, to, kaps walla; kapsualla.
Steam, smoke.
Steamer, piah ship; steamer; steamboat.
Steel, chikamin; piah chikamin.
Steer, tenas man moosmoos.
Stencil, humm; piupiu.
Stern, opoots.
Stew, mamook liplip; lakanim.
Stick, a, (n.), stick.
Stick, (v.), mamook cut; mamook
Still, (be), kloshe kopet.
Still, (adj.), kloshe.
Sting*, (n.), opoots klemahun.
Stink, a, piupiu; humm.
Stir, tenas klatawa.
Stirrup, sitlay.
Stockings, stocken; kushis.
Stomach, Belly; yakwahtin.
Stone, stone.
Stony, kahkwa stone; stone mitlite.
Stooped, kaulkek; lah.
Stop, (active), mamook kopet; ikpooie;
ka.
Stop, to, (Imp.), kopet.
Store, mahkook house.
Storekeeper, mahkook man.
Storm, (wind), hiyu wind; (rain), hiyu
Story, enkahnam; wawa; yiem.
Stove, stob; stove.
Straight, delate, or delet; sipah.
Straighten, mamook delate.
Strange, huloima.
Stranger, huloima tillikum.
Strap, (n.), skin lope.
Strap, (v.), mamook kow.
Strawberries, amote; ahmoteh.
Stray, cultus klatawa; klatawa kah.
Stream, chuck; cooley chuck.
Street, ooakut kopa town.
Strike, mamook kokshut.
String, tenas lope.
Stripe, tzum.
Strive, mamook skookum.
Stroll, cultus klatawa; cultus cooley.
Strong, skookum.
Strongly, kahkwa skookum.
Student, school tenas; tenas kopa school.
Study, mamook tumtum kopa papah or
book.
Stupendous, delate hyas.
Stupid, halo latet; kahkwa pelton.
Stupor, kahkwa mimoluse.
Sturgeon, stutchun.
Subdue, Subject, tolo; kuon.
Sublime, hyas kloshe.
Submerge, mahsh keekwulee kopa chuck.
Submit, kopet.
Subscribe, mamook tzum.
Subsequent, kimta.
Subsistence, muckamuck.
Subtract, mamook haul.
Such, kahkwa.
Suck, muckamuck.
Sucker, katake.
Sudden, Suddenly, hyak.
Sugar, shuga; le sook; shugah; shukwa.
Sugary, kahkwa shuga.
Suicide (to commit), mamook mimoluse
yaka self.
Suitable, kloshe.
Sulky, Sullen, solleks.
Sum, konoway.
Summer, waum illahee.
Summon, wawa kloshe yaka chako.
Sun, sun; otelagh.
kwotl. Sunday, Sunday; Sante.
Sunlight, sun yaka light.
Sunrise, tenas sun; get up sun.
Sunset, tenas polaklie; klip sun.
Sup, Supper, muckamuck kopa tenas
polaklie.
Superb, hyas kloshe.
Superior, elip kloshe.
Supervise, kloshe nanitch.
Supplant, tlkop ooakut. (St. O.),. To
cut one's road).
Support, kloshe nanitch; Potlatch mucka-
muck pe konoway iktas.
Suppose, spose; pos.
Supreme, elip hyas kopa konoway.
Sure, delate; delate kumtuks.
Surgeon, doctin.
Surmise, mamook tumtum; tumtum.
Surprise, mamook tumtum; ikta okoke.
Surrender, kopet.
Survey, mamook tzum illahee.
Survivor, man halo mimoluse.
Suspect, (I), nika tumtum kahkwa; pe
halo nika delate kumtuks.
Swallow, (n.), tenas kalakala.
Swallow, (v.), muckamuck.
Swan, kahloke; kahloken; cocumb;
ouwucheh; keluk.
Swap, huyhuy.
Swear, wawa mesachie; mamook swear.
Sweat, chuck kopa skin.
Sweep, to, mamook bloom.
Sweet, tsee, kahkwa shuga.
Sweetheart, (my), nika tenas klootch-
man, or tenas man.
Swell, chako hyas.
Swift, hyak.
Swift water, skookum chuck.
Swim, sitshum; mamook swim.
Swine, cosho.
Swing, hang.
Sympathy, sick tumtum kunamokst.
Table, la tahb.
Tacks, tenas nails; tenas lecloo.
Tail, opoots.
Take, to, iskum.
Take care, kloshs nanitch.
Take off, or out, mamook haul; mamook
klah; mamook klak; mahsh.
Talk, wawa.
Talkative, hiyu wawa.
62 THE CHINOOK JARGON
Tale, or Story, wawa; yiem; ehkahnam. luck.
Tall, hyas long. Third, klone.
Tallow, moosmoos glease. Thirsty, olo kopa chuck.
Tambourine or Indian Drum, pompom. Thirteen, tahtlum pe klone.
Tame, (adj.), halo wild; halo lemolo; Thirty, klone tahtlum.
kwann. Thirty-one, klone tahtlum pe ikt.
Tame, (v.), mamook kwann. This, okoke; ok.
Tame, Kwass. (Gibbs.) This way, yukwa.
Tan, mamook kloshe skin; mahsh yakso Thither, yahwa.
kopa skin. Thorn, needle kopa stick.
Tap, tenas kokshut. Thorough, delate.
Tart, tenas sour; tenas kwates. Those, okoke.
Task, mamook. Thou, thy, thine, mika.
Taste, tenas muckamuck. Thought,- turn turn.
Tattle, cultus wawa; yiem. Thoughtless, halo tumtum.
Tavern, muckamuck house. Thousand, thousand; tahtlum tukamook;
Tea, tea. hioh.
Teach, to, mamook kumtuks; mamook Thrash, mamook pat.
teach. Thread, klapite, hwilom.
Tear, (n.), chuck kopa seahost. Threat, mamook kwass.
Teat, Tatoosh. Three, klone.
Tedious, till; long. Throng, hiyu tillikums.
Teetotaler, man yaka halo kumtuks Trough, (by means of), kopa.
muckamuck whiskey or lum. Throw, Thrust, Throw away, mahsh.
Teeth, la tah; teeth; ledan; letai; ianes; Thumb, lemah (pointing to it).
otsotsach. Thunder, skookum noise kopa saghalie.
Tell, to, wawa; yiem. Thursday, lakit sun.
Temple, hyas church house. Thus, kahkwa.
Tempt, tikegh haul kopa mesachie. Thyself, mika self.
Ten, tahtlum; tahtlelum. Tide, chuck chako pe klatawa.
Tend, kloshe nanitch. Tie, (v.), mamook kow.
Tender, wake kull; waka skookum. Tiger, hyas pishpish.
Tent, sail house. Tight, skookum; kwutl.
Term, (of school), kwahta. Timber, stick.
Terrible, Terror, delate hyas mesachie. Timid, kwass.
Territory, hyas illahee. Tin, Tinware, malah; tin; matali.
Testament, saghalie tyee yaka pa pah or Tint, tzum.
book. Tip, to, lagh.
Testicles, stone, bone. Tire, (n.), chikamin mitlite kopa chik-
Testimony, wawa kopa court. chik.
Testify, wawa kopa court; delate yiem. Tired, till.
Than, kopa. To, towards, kopa.
Thanks, Thankful, Thank you, mahsie. Tobacco, bacca; kinootl; kinoos; kimoolth
That, okoke. Tobacco, bacca; kinootl; kinoos; kin-
That way, yahwa. oolth.
Thaw, (water), chako chuck; (land), Today, okoke sun.
chako klimmin. Together, kunamokst.
The, sometimes okoke is used, a very Toil,mamook.
definite the, almost equal to that. Tomb, mimoluse illahee.
Thee, mika. Tomorrow, tomolla.
Theft, kapswalla. Tongue, la lang.
Their, Theirs, klaska; kopa klaska. Tonight, okoke polakalie.
Them, klaska. Too, kunamokst.
Themselves, klaska self. Toothache, sick kopa tooth, or ledan; or
Theology, saghalie tyee yaka wawa. ienes.
There, yahwa; kopa. Top, (adj.), saghalie.
Thereabout, wake siah yahwa. Torn, kokshut; tlah tlah.
They, klaska. Torpid, kahkwa mimoluse.
Thick, (as molasses), pitlilh; pitlih. Toss, mahsh.
Thief, kapswalla man; tillikum, yaka Total, konoway.
kumtuks kapswalla. Tough, skookum; kull.
Thigh, lapea yahwa; (pointing- to it). Tow, mamook haul.
Thin, (as a board), pewahte; tewhate; Toward, kopa.
iakesilh; pchih; pewhattie. Towel, sail yoka mamook dly; seahost
Thine, mika. pe lemah.
Thing, ikta; iktah. Track, tzum kah.
Things, iktas. Trade, huyhuy.
Think, tumtum; mamook tumtum; pit- Tradesman, mahkook man.
 THE CHINOOK JARGON 63

Tradition, ahnkuttie tillikums klaska ow; ehee.

wawa. Unclean, hiyu mesachie mitlite.
Trail, ooakut; wayhut; tenas ooakut. Unconscious, kahkwa mimoluse.
Tramp, klatawa kopa lapea. Uncork, mamook open.
Transfer, lolo. Under, keekwulee; keekwillie.
Transgressor, mesachie man. Understand, to, kumtuks.
Translate, mamook cooley kopa huloima Undoubted, delate.
lalang. Undress, mahsh iktas.
Transmit, mahsh; send. Undying, halo mimoluse.
Trap, la piege; trap; la peage; kwalta. Unequal, wake kahkwa.
Trash, cultus iktas. , Unexpected (to me), nika tumtum halo
Travel, klatawa; cooley. yaka chako kahkwa.
Traveler, man yaka hiyu cooley. Unexplored, halo klaksta nanitch.
Treacherous, hyas tseepie; mesachie. Unfasten, mahsh kow.
Treasurer, tillikum yaka kloshe nanitch Unfavorable, halo kloshe.
dolla. Unfinished, halo kopet.
Tread, klatawa. Ungodly, mesachie.
Tree, stick. Unhappy, sick tumtum.
Tree, fallen, whim stick. Unintelligible, halo kumtuks.
Tremble, shake, hullel; hulul. Unit, ikt.
Tribe, lalang. Unite, mamook join; mamook kunamokst;
Trick, tseepie mamook. chako kunamokst.
Trim (v.), mamook cut; mamook kloshe. Universal, konoway.
Trinity, saghalie tyee; (nesika papa, pe Universe, konoway illahee konoway kah.
yaka tenas Jesus) pe yaka Holy Spirit) Unjust, wake delate.
tlinite. Unkind, wake kloshe.
Trot, to, tehteh. Unknown, halo kumtuks.
Trouble (n.), trouble. Unlawful, wake kloshe kopa law.
Trouble (v.), mamook trouble; mamook Unload, mahsh iktas.
till tumtum. Unlock, mamook halo lekleh.
Trowsers, sakolleks. Unmeaning*, cultus; pelton.
Trout, trout; tenas fish; tzum salmon; Unmentionable, halo wawa.
tenas salmon. Unnoticed, halo nanitch.
True, delate; halo kliminawhit. Unpopular, konoway tillikums halo
Truth, delate wawa. tikegh kahkwa.
Trunk, lacasset. Unresolved, halo tumtum.
Tub, tamolitsh. Unsalable, wake kloshe kopa mahkook.
Tuesday, mokst sun. Untamed, lemolo; wild.
Turn, kilapie; howh. Untanned, halo kloshe.
Turning", lahlah. Untie, to, mahsh kow; mamook stoh
Turnip, turnip; lenawo; lamooow. Unto, kopa.
Twelve, tahtlum pe mokst. Untold, halo wawa.
Twenty, mokst tahtlum. Untrue, kliminawhit.
Twenty-one, mokst tahtlum pe ikt. Unturned, halo kilapie.
Twilight, tenas polaklie. Unusual, huloima.
Twine, tenas lope: klapite. Unwilling, halo tikegh.
Twist, mamook kilapie (showing how). Unwind, mamook kilapie.
Two, twice, mokst. Unwise, pelton.
Tyro, halo kumtuks. Unwholesome, wake kloshe.
Unworthy, halo kloshe; wake kloshe;
mesachie.
Udder, totoosh or tatoosh. Up, saghalie.
Ugly, cultus; wake toketie. Upbraid, cultus wawa.
Ultimate, kimta; halo huloima. Upheave, mahsh kopa saghalie.
Umbrella, tenas sail house kopa snass. Uphold, mamook help; mamook skookum.
Unable, wake skookum; howkwutl; Upland, saghalie illahee.
awholt. Upon, saghalie kopa.
Unaccustomed, Unacquainted, halo kum- Upper, Uppermost, elip saghalie.
tuks. Upright, delate; klosh; mitwhit.
Unacquired, halo iskum. Upset, Upside Down, kelipi; kilapie.
Unaware, halo kumtuks. Upward, saghalie.
Unappeased, halo chako kloshe tumtum. Urg*e, skookum wawa.
Unbelief, halo iskum kopa tumtum. Urinate, mahsh chuck.
Unbind, mahsh kow. Us, nesika.
Unceasing, kwanesum. Use, mamook; use; mamook use.
Unchristian, halo kahkwa Jesus. Useful, kloshe.
Uncivilized, wild. Useles, cultus.
Uncle, tot; uncle; papa or mama yaka Usual, kahkwa kwanesum.
64 THE CHINOOK JARGON
Utensil, ikta. Waken, mamook get up.
Walk, klatawa kopa lapea.
Wall, skookum kulaghan; skookum
Vacant, halo. pence.
Vaccinate, mahsh lametsin kopa lemah Waltz, tanse.
yaka kloshe kopa smallpox. Wander, to, cultus klatawa; tsolo.
Vagabond, cultus tillikum. Want, to, tikegh.
Veil, sail kopa seahost. War, pight.
Vain, youth; proud. Warble, sing kahkwa kalakala.
Valiant, skookum tumtum. Warm, waura.
Valise, tenas lacasset. Warning, potlatch kumtuks kopa
Valley, kloshe illahee; coulee. mesachie; mamook kumtuks kopa
Vancouver, kitsothot; kitsotkwa. mesachie.
Vanish, chako halo. Warrior, sogers; pight tillikum.
Vary, mamook huloima. Wash, to, mamook wash.
Vary (passive), chako huloima. Wasp, andialh.
Vast, hyas. Waste, cultus lost; cultus mahsh.
Veal, tenas moosmoos yaka itlwillie. Watch (n.), tiktik; watch.
Vegetables, konoway muckamuck chako Watch (v.), kloshe nanitch.
kopa illahee. Watchman, man yaka kwanesum kloshe
Vehement, skookum. nanitch.
Vehicle, chikchik. Water, chuck.
Vein, kah pilpil mitlite (pointing to it). Waterfall, tumwater.
Venereal, the, piah sick. Waterspout, chuck ooakut.
Vengeance, hyas solleks. Waver, wake skookum.
Venison, mowitsh. Waves, hiyu sea; chuck chako solleks.
Verily, delate. Way, ooakut; wayhut.
Vermine, inapoo. We, nesika.
Very, hyas. Weak, wake skookum; halo skookum.
Very Small, hyas tenas. Wear, mitlite.
Vessel, ship. Weary, till.
Vest, la ween la west.
;
Wedding, malieh.
Vice, mesachie. Wednesday, klone sun.
Vicinity, wake siah. Weed, cultus tupso.
Victor, tillikum yaka tolo. Week, Sunday; week.
Victory, tolo. Weep, cly.
Victuals, muckamuck. Weigh, to, mamook till.
View, nanitch. Welcome (to you), kloshe tumtum mika
Vigil, wake moosum. chako.
Vigils (the), levigil; pishil. Well then, abba.
Vile, mesachie. Well (n.), tlwop.
Village, tenas town. Went, klatawa.
Villain, mesachie tillikum. West, kah sun klatawa.
Violin, tin tin. Wet, pahtl chuck; chuck mitlite.
Vine, stick; youtlkut tupso; stick Whale, ehkolie; ehkole; kwahnice; kwad-
kahkwa lope. dis; whale.
Violent, skookum. "What, ikta; iktah.
Violet, kloshe tupso. What is the matter (if sick), kah mika
Viper, tenas oluk. sick.
Virgin, tenas klootchman; kloctchman Wheat, sapolill; lewhet; lebley.
halo kumtuks man; haloman. Wheel, chikchik; tsiktsik.
Virtuous, kloshe. When, kansih; kunjih.
Vision, nanitch. Whence, kah.
Visit, klatawa pe nanitch. Where, kah.
Voice, wawa. Whet, mamook sharp.
Volcano, piah mountain. Which, klaksta.
Vomit, to, wagh; mahsh muckumuck; Whine, wawa kahkwa cly.
muckamuck kilapie. Whip, le whet; lawhip.
Vote,mamook vote. Whiskey, whiskey; lum.
Voyage, klatawa kopa boat or ship. Whisper, tenas wawa (showing how);
ipsoot wawa.
W Whistle, mamook wind kopa lapush.
White, tkope.
Wade, klatawa kopa lapea kopa chuck.
Wag, heehee man. Whiten, mamook tkope.
Wagon, chikchik; tsiktsik. Whitewash, mamook pent tkope.
Wail, hiyu cly. Who, klaksta.
Wait, mitlite; winapie. Whole, konoway; lowullo; lolo.
Wake, halo sleep; halo moosum. Whose, klaksta.
 AND HOW TO USE IT. 65

Wliy, pe kahta; kahta. Work, to, mamook.

Wicked, mesahchie; mesachie; peshak. World, konoway okoke illahee.
Wide, klukulh; halakl. Worn out, oleman; cultus.
Widow, klootchman yaka man mimoluse. Worry, sick tumtum.
Wife, klootchman; oquackakull. Worship, wawa kopa saghalie tyee
Wild, le molo; wild. Worse, elip mesachie; kimtah klosh.
Wild Cat, hyas pishpish; siwash pish- Worst, elip mesachie kopa konoway.
pish;; kwalas. Worthless, cultus.
Wild Onions, kalaka. Worthy, kloshe.
Will, The, tumtum. Wound, to, mamook, cut; mamook kwotl;
Willow, eena stick. klemahun.
Win, To, tolo. Wrap, mamook kow.
Wind, wind. Wrestle, mamook pight.
Wind Instrument, tuttut; tuletule. Wretched, hyas sick tumtum.
Windy, hiyu wind. Wrist, lemah yahwa (point to it).
Wine, wine. Writing", tzum.
Wing*, kalakala yaka lemah, tepeh. Write, to, mamook tzum ; mamook peh-
Wink, mamook seahost. pah.
Winnow, mamook toto. Writer, tzum man.
Winter, cole illahee. Wrong", wake kloshe.
Wintry, kahkwa cole illahee.
Wipe, to, mamook dly; klakwun. .

Wire, chikamin lope. Yankee, Boston man.

Wisdom, Wise, kumtuks. Yard, ikt stick.
Wish, to, tikegh. Yawn, tikegh moosum.
Witch, tamahnous. Year, ikt cole.
With, kunamokst; kopa. Yearn, hyas tikegh.
Withdraw, mamook kilapie. Yell, hyas skookum wawa.
Without (not any), halo. Yellow, kawkawak.
Without (not in), klahanie. Yelp, kamooks wawa.
Wolf, leloo; wolf. Yes, nawitka; ahha.
Wolf (Prairie), talapus. Yes, indeed, nawitka.
Woman, klootchman. Yesterday, tahlkie sun.
Womanly, kahkwa klootchman. Yesternig-ht, tahlkie polaklie.
Woman (old), lammieh; lummieh. Yield, kopet.
Womb, lesak kopa klootchman kah tenas Yonder, yahwa.
mitlite; belly. You, Your (if singular), mika.
Wonder, mamook tumtum. You, your (if plural), mesika.
Woo, hyas tikegh. Yours, mika; kopa mika; mikas.
Wood, Wooden, stick. Young", tenas.
Wool, sheep yaka tupso, lummeto yakso. Younger, elip tenas.
Woolen Caps, latuk. Youngest, elip tenas kopa konoway.
Word, wawa. Yourself, mika self.

ERRATA.
Page 1, column 1, line 3, from bottom, for specific, read special.
Page 24, column 1, line 12, from top, for pues, read puis.
Page 39, column 2, line 3, from top, for respelled word, read kloochman.
Page 46, column 1, line 27, from bottom, for allihee, read illihee.

Note. — Suggestions and criticism invited. George C. Shaw, 115 32nd Ave., Seattle
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BIBLIOPHILE AND BIBLIOPOLE

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