LEADING

Lesson 9
O R G A N I Z A T I O N A N D
M A N A G E M E N T
G R O U P 2
OBJECTIVES
Discuss the nature of leading or directing;
Differentiate leading from managing;
Identify the different theories of motivation;
Differentiate the various styles of leadership;
Appreciate the role of communication in directing people within
the organization;
Explain the management of change and diversity in the
workplace; and
Recognize the interrelationship of Filipino and foreign cultures.
COMMUNICATION
Ashley Mae Barcelona

Sophia Mae Gucilatar

COMMUNICATION
The imparting or exchanging of
information by speaking, writing, or
using some other medium. The
successful conveying or sharing of
ideas and feelings.
 Types of Communication
Verbal Non-Verbal
Communication Communication
oral communication with words covering body language, gestures,
that you or others speak out how we dress or act, where we
loud. stand, and even our scent. There
are many subtle ways that we
communicate (perhaps even
unintentionally) with others.
 Direction and Flow of Communication
Vertical Communication
Communication between people from different organizational
levels.

Upward Communication
This is also called Up Stream Communication. The function of upward
communication is to send information, suggestions, complaints and
grievances of the lower level workers to the managers above. It is,
therefore, more participative in nature. It was not encouraged in the past,
but modern managers encourage upward communication.
Downward Communication
This is also called Downstream Communication. It is based on the assumption that the
people working at higher levels have the authority to communicate to the people
working at lower levels. This direction of communication strengthens the
authoritarian structure of the organization.

Horizontal Communication
The main use of this dimension of communication is to maintain coordination and
review activities assigned to various subordinates.

Diagonal Communication
Diagonal or crosswise communication takes place when people working at the
same level interact with those working at a higher or lower-level of organizational
hierarchy and across the boundaries of their reporting relationships.
Types of Communication Networks:
Chain network - communication flows according to the
usual formal chain of command, downward and upward.
Wheel network - communication flows between a leader and
other members of their group/team.
All-channel network - communication flows freely among all
members of a team.
 Emotions
BARRIERS TO the interpretation of
COMMUNICATION communications which
may be influenced by
extreme emotions felt by
the receiver.
 Information Overload
BARRIERS TO Information overload can be defined as
“occurring when the information
COMMUNICATION processing demands on an individual’s
time to perform interactions and internal
calculations exceed the supply or capacity
of time available for such processing
(Schick, et. al., 1990).”
 Defensiveness
BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION an act of self-protection when
people are threatened by
something or someone.
 Language
BARRIERS TO words used may have different
COMMUNICATION meanings to different people
belonging to different age,
educational background, or
cultural group.
 National Culture
BARRIERS TO the prevailing national culture
COMMUNICATION may also cause problems in
communication among members
of an organization.
MANAGEMENT OF CHANGE AND DIVERSITY IN
ORGANIZATIONS

- any change in an - the variety of individual

organization's employees, differences that distinguish
structure, or technology carried people in organizations
around by external or internal distinct from and comparable
factors they encounter to one another
Types of Change
Changes in People
People’s attitudes, values, wants and needs,
expectations, perceptions, and behaviors change
as time goes by, but changing them for the better
is not easy to do. Managers, however, must use
techniques that are suitable to the prevailing
organizational culture in their respective
companies.
Types of Change
Changes in Structure
organizational structures may also change
according to work specialization,
departmentalization, change of command,
span of control, centralization,
formalization, and job redesign, among
others.
Types of Change
Changes in Technology
refer to changes in work processes and
methods used, introduction of new
equipment and work tools, automation,
or computerization.
FILIPINO AND FOREIGN
CULTURES IN ORGANIZATIONS

CULTURE
CULTURE
a set of beliefs and values about how a
community should act and do things

ORGANIZATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE
CULTURE
a set of shared values and norms/standards
for behavior and expectations that influence
the interaction of organization members in
order to achieve their set mission, vision, goals,
and objectives
 SHARED VALUES AND
BELIEFS OF FILIPINOS

Social Acceptance
the desire of Filipinos to be accepted and
treated well by others in accordance with his
or her status, for what he or she is, and for
what he or she has accomplished.
 SHARED VALUES AND
BELIEFS OF FILIPINOS

Economic Security
one must have financial stability and that he
or she must be able to stand on his or her own
two feet, without incurring debt in order to
meet his or her basic material needs.
 SHARED VALUES AND
BELIEFS OF FILIPINOS

Social Mobility
desire to move up the social ladder, to another
higher economic level, to a higher job position, to
a position of respect in his or her family or in the
community where he or she lives or in the
organizations where he or she belongs.
INFLUENCE OF FOREIGN CULTURE ON
ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT

Gender Egalitarianism
amount of effort which must be put into
minimizing gender discrimination and
role inequalities.
INFLUENCE OF FOREIGN CULTURE ON
ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT

Assertiveness
how confrontational and dominant
individuals should be in social
relationships.
INFLUENCE OF FOREIGN CULTURE ON
ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT

Performance Orientation
refers to how much individuals
should be rewarded for
improvement and excellence.
INFLUENCE OF FOREIGN CULTURE ON
ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT

Humane Orientation
how much society should encourage
and reward people for being kind,
fair, friendly, and generous.
Thank You for
Listening!!
H A P P Y H O L I D A Y
ASSESSMENT
INFLUENCING OTHERS TO DO WHAT NEEDS TO
BE DONE, IN PURSUIT OF A COMMON
OBJECTIVE?
WHAT ARE THE BIG FIVE MODEL OF PERSONAL
CHARACTERISTICS??
WHAT IS OCB?
IDENTIFY THE MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF
NEEDS THEORY
 WHAT THEORY DISTRIBUTION OF
RESOURCES IS FAIR TO BOTH RELATIONAL
PARTNERS?
WHAT ARE THE 2 TYPES
OF COMMUNICATION?
 GIVE AT LEAST TWO DIRECTION AND
FLOW OF COMMUNICATION 2 TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION?
IT IS THE DESIRE TO MOVE UP THE SOCIAL
LADDER, TO ANOTHER HIGHER ECONOMIC
LEVEL, TO A HIGHER JOB POSITION
 WHAT IS THE VARIETY OF INDIVIDUAL
DIFFERENCES THAT DISTINGUISH PEOPLE IN
ORGANIZATIONS DISTINCT FROM AND
COMPARABLE TO ONE ANOTHER?
 REFERS TO HOW MUCH SOCIETY
SHOULD ENCOURAGE AND REWARD
PEOPLE FOR BEING KIND, FAIR,
FRIENDLY, AND GENEROUS.