DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MINI GROUNDNUT & PEANUT

SHELLING MACHINE
PROJECT REPORT 2022 - 2023

SUBMITTED BY:

19208511 – SATHISH KUMAR R

21205620 - ABDULNASEEB A
21205621 - ADHITYAN R
21205622 - AGILAN R
21205623 - ANUMONTHREYAN S R
21205625 - ASWIN W

GUIDE:

Mr. F. ROBERT BELLARMIN., B.E.,

Lecturer,
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement
For the Award of
DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
By the State Board of Technical Education
Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai.

Christ the king polytechnic college

COIMBATORE- 641 032
 Christ the king polytechnic college
COIMBATORE- 641 032

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

PROJECT REPORT 2022 - 2023

This report is certified to be the Bonafide work done by

Selvan._____________________________________Reg.No._______________ of
._______________ Semester of this college.

GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Submitted for the Practical Examinations of the Board of Examinations,

State Board of Technical Education, Chennai, Tamil Nadu on _______________
held at the Christ the King Polytechnic College, Coimbatore – 641032.

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

DEDICATED TO OUR BELOVED PARENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At this pleasing movement of having successfully completed our project, we

wish to convey our sincere thanks and gratitude to the management of our college and
our beloved chairman Most.Rev.Fr.DR. L. THOMAS AQUINAS, M.A., D.D.,
D.C.L., and to our beloved correspondent P. JOHN JOSEPH STANIS for provided
all the necessary facilities for the successful completion of this project.

We would like to express our sincere thanks to our Principal

DR. A. ANTONY FERNANDEZ, M.E., Ph.D., MISTE. for forwarding us to do
our project and offering adequate duration in completing our project.

We express our gratitude to Mr. K.RAMESH., M.E., Head of the

Mechanical Engineering Department for his guidance and support towards this
project.

We deeply indebted to our guide Mr.F.ROBERT BELLARMIN., B.E.,

Lecturer of Mechanical Engineering Department for his valuable guidance and
constant encouragement which helps to complete this project in a successful
manner.

II
CONTENTS

III
 LIST OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER.
NO TITLE PAGE NO

SYNOPSIS
ABSTRACT 1
1 INTRODUCTION 2
2 COST ANALYSIS 5
3 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION 8
4 PROBLEM FORMULATION 10
5 MATERIAL AND METHOD 12
6 DESIGN – ANALYSIS ACTUAL WORK 17
7 WORKING PRINCIPLE 28
8 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 30
9 LITERATURE REVIEW 32
10 CONCLUSION 37
11 FUTURE SCOPE 39
12 REFERENCES 41
13 PHOTOGRAPHY 44

IV
SYNOPSIS

V
 ABSTRACT

In India, most of land use for agricultural purpose which produces

semi-finished product or goods. Groundnut also one of the agricultural semi-
finished goods. Groundnut is grown on small scale farmers in developing countries
like India. The average kernel price is approximately twice the price of pod. . Lack
of groundnut processing machines, especially groundnut Sheller, is a major
problem of groundnut production, especially in our country India. In the beginning
the peanuts were separated from its shells by the workers. They simply decoct the
groundnut by their hands and separate the peanuts from its shell. The output got
from this method, was very low and it does not fulfill the market demand because
it was very time consuming process. A research-work for design, fabricate, and
performance evaluation of a groundnut Sheller consisting of feed hopper with a
flow rate control device, shelling unit, separating unit and power system. The
performance of the machine was evaluated in terms of throughput capacity,
shelling efficiency, material efficiency and mechanical damage. Regression models
that could be used to express the relationship existing between the Sheller
performance indices, pod moisture content and feed rate were establish. This paper
describes about the design and fabrication of various components of groundnut
Sheller machine. Hence in this design of various parts are necessary, and design of
various parts due to which the design quality of those parts will be improved.
Overall, this project involves processes like design, fabrication and assembling of
different components etc. By keeping the point in our mind, we think that we
should make such a machine, whose production capacity is more & machine gets
operated on 1 H.P. electric motor instead of manual work. The new and small
former or business man can start their business by investing less capital.So
working on the above points, we design and fabricate a new medium production
capacity machine and today we proudly present this machine called groundnut
Sheller machine
1
1.INTRODUCTION

2
1.INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this work is to understand the knowledge of design

andfabrication mechanism of groundnut Sheller machine.The design is an
environment friendly and uses simple mechanism properties such as shelling
system, blowering mechanism and automation separating system etc. In this, some
crushing force is needed to crush the groundnut. The design is so done that the
knowledge of designing, mechanism and forces are increased. This project consists
of designing and fabrication of an automatic groundnut Sheller machine
considering various important parameters. In this project, designing &
development of a machine to crush or shell groundnut so the farmers can gain high
profit by selling groundnut direct in market. As well as the study of manufacturing
was very important in order to carry out this project to ensure that what are needs
to do. This project involves the process of designing and fabrication of different
parts of this shelling machine considering forces and ergonomic factor for people
to use. This project is mainly about generating a new concept of groundnut shell
(crush) that would make easier to bring anywhere and easier to crush groundnut.
After the design has completed, it was transformed to its real product where the
design is used for guideline.

METHODS OF SHELLING
Manual method: In Manual Shelling method groundnuts are shelled by hand simply.
They are wrapped into the cloth and then rubbed onto the surface to decoct it. The cost for
shelling is 5 to 6 Rupees per kg for one person and also this is very time consuming process.

Mechanized Shelling Method: In mechanization we use large machinery for groundnut

shelling. These machines are used in the industries where large production is required. They are
having shelling capacity of 400 to 3300 kg/hr. But these machines are costly in order to purchase
by the farmers.

3
 This project aimed at using anger shaft in the crushing of the pod to replace the existing
design. Also, to improve on the shelling capacity at low cost by using locally – available
materials. Then, the machine is evaluated based on shelling efficiency and percentage material.

4
2. COST ANALYSIS

5
2.1 Cost Analysis

Suppose a farmer cultivates 50 kg seeds of groundnut in 1 acre of land and produces 7

quintals of groundnuts. Market rate of groundnut is ₹ 50 per kg, therefore a farmer gains
₹ 35,000 by selling groundnuts in market. For this, investment is ₹ 7000.

Land Preparation = ₹ 3000

Seeds and Sowing = ₹ 5000

Manures, Weeding and = ₹ 4000

Harvest and work expenses = ₹ 4000

Total = ₹ 16000

Profit = 35000 – 16000

= ₹19,000 ……………. (By selling groundnut)

Also, 1 kg of groundnut= 0.83 kg of peanuts.

Therefore a farmer produces 5.81 quintal peanuts in an acre. Market rate of

peanuts is ₹ 80 per kg. Therefore a farmer gains ₹ 46,480 by selling peanuts in the
market. For this total investment is ₹ 17500 (₹ 16000+ maintenance cost),

Profit = 46,480 – 17,500……………….. (By selling peanuts)

= ₹ 28,980

6
 Total Savings = Profit by selling peanuts-Profit by selling groundnuts

= 28,980-19,000 =₹ 9,980

Payback Period: The payback period is the length of time required to recover the
cost of an investment. Simply, it is determined by counting the number of years it
takes to recover the investment.

PBP = (Cost of Machine) / (Total Annual Savings for 1 Acre Land)

= (20,000) / (9,980)

2 Seasons

Return on Investment: Return on investment (ROI) is a ratio between the net profit and

cost of investment. A high ROI means the investment’s gains favorably to its cost.

ROI = (Net Profit) / (Cost of Investment)

= (9,980) / (20,000)

= 50 %

7
3. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

8
3. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

In the beginning the peanuts were separated from its shells by the workers.
They simply decoct the groundnut by their hands and separate the peanuts from its
shell. The output got from this method, was very low and it does not fulfill the
market demand because it was very time consuming process. It was also a boring
work for the worker. Traditional method of separating nuts from groundnuts by
Putting the peanuts in a cloth bag and rolling over it with a rolling pin. This
technique did a good job of cracking the shells (deleting the painful fingers
problem), but we still had to pick the peanuts out since they didn't come all the way
loose. This is not a reliable method for shell a ground nut due to this crack the
ground nut and nuts mixed with shell.Introduction gives knowledge that the
traditional method is not a sufficient method for separating the groundnut. Due to
this manual process, identify some major problem & to over-come this problem
some idea or concepts generates. According to generated ideas deciding objective
of project. Formers and small businessman are facing following main problems:-

1) Currently base process is manually operated ( pedal operated )

(2) Nuts & husk (outer covering of groundnut) is mixed after crushing (shelling
operation).
(3) Low productivity & time consuming

9
4. PROBLEM FORMULATION

10
4. PROBLEM FORMULATION
The aim is to design & develop a low cost ground nut shelling machine which will help
farmer to sell finished (shelled groundnut) instead of unshelled groundnut. Considering the
above problems we are going to design and fabricate such a machine that will eliminate most of
the problems from previous available manually shelling machine, so human effort is reduced and
getting more productivity, earn more profit to former. The machine shown in figure below is the
modeling of groundnut Sheller machine.
Concept A.
Introducing low cost automation was to overcome problems with the current manual traditional
method. The concept of the work is,
(1) Observe the manual methods to identify the important process variables.
(2) Quantify the important method.
(3) Develop a prototype automation system which could control over all of the process.
(4) Investigate all areas of automated forming.
(5) Produce a specification for a low cost automated system.
(6) Refined design of the machine & fabricate the machine, as this plays a major role in rural
area.
The above considering point we design the semi-automated machine which replace manual
process
B. OBJECTIVE
The main aim of this project is to overcome the traditional method.
(1) To reduce wastage due to crack or crushed groundnut.
(2) To increase the efficiency.
(3) To reduce the hard work and To reduced time to shell the groundnut.
(4) To develop a low cost machine which can be used by farmer to convert their semi-finished
(shell groundnut) into finished product (groundnut).
(5) It satisfies the need of village people to earn more money.

11
5. MATERIALS AND METHODS

12
5. MATERIALS AND METHODS

5.1 Materials
The materials used were locally obtained from a town called Ado-Ekiti which is the
capital of Ekiti State in Nigeria. The selection of these materials was based on durability, cost
and availability, strength and rigidity, weight and friction.

5.2 Description of the Groundnut Shelling Machine

Various components were put together in the fabrication of this machine. These parts are:
the frame, hopper, seed discharge outlet, shelling chamber, fan and chaff outlet.
Frame
It holds the hopper, shelling, and separating unit as well as the prime mover (electric
motor). Being the main support for the machine, it must be able to withstand stresses and loads
and have good welding properties. Hence, mild steel in form of angle bar was used.
Hopper
It contains the unshelled groundnut before and during the shelling operation. It must be
able to withstand the vibration loads and stresses, have good strength and good corrosion
resistance. Hence, the material is mild steel sheet of 2mm thickness.
Shelling Chamber
It houses the auger and the shelling drum. The shelling operation is done inside it.
Therefore, it must be able to withstand load and stresses, good weld ability and corrosion
resistance. The diameter of the shelling drum is 206mm and pitch of the anger screw is
100mm.The active length of the drum is 500mm. So, mild steel of 2mm thickness was selected.
Seed Discharge Outlet
The shelled groundnut seed is collected through this outlet. The seeds fall under gravity
from the shelling chamber into its tray. It must have good strength and high resistance to impact
loads. So, mild steel of 2mm thickness was used.
Chaff Outlet
The broken pod is separated from the groundnut by pressure provided from the fan. Mild
steel of 2mm thickness is selected.

13
Fan
It is made from aluminum due to its light weight. It has diameter of 30mm with length
and thickness of 300mm and 2mm respectively.

5.3 COMPONENTS AND SPECIFICATIONS

 Frame

 Electric motor

 Roller

 V-Belt

 Pulley

5.3.1Frame:

The frame is used to support all the components.

Material of frame is cast iron

Fig -1: Frame

14
5.3.2 ELECTRIC MOTOR:

This motor is used to rotate the roller by using belt and pulley.

Output = 230 volt

Current =3.5 amps

Power =0.37kw/0.5 HP

Fig -2: Electric motor

5.3.3. V-Belt:

V-Belt is used to transmit rotary motion of shaft of motor to the shaft of roller. Material of
the belt is

Fig -3: V-Belt

15
5.3.4. PULLEY:

Pulley is used to transmit the torque of motor to the roller. One pulley is directly mounted over
the motor shaft and another pulley mounted on the shaft of roller. And both the pulleys are
connected with the help of V-belt.

Fig -5: Pulley

5.4. BEARING:

A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired motion, and
reduces friction between moving parts. The design of the bearing may, for example, provide for
free linear movement of the moving part or for free rotation around a fixed axis; or, it
may prevent a motion by controlling the vectors of normal forces that bear on the moving parts.
Most bearings facilitate the desired motion by minimizing friction. Bearings are classified
broadly according to the type of operation, the motions allowed, or to the directions of the loads
(forces) applied to the parts

Fig -6 : BEARING

16
6.DESIGN ANALYSIS - ACTUAL WORK

17
6..DESIGN ANALYSIS - ACTUAL WORK
6.1 Design Calculation
Design of Rotor

To design the rotor first we calculate the torque required to run the rotor for
shelling the groundnuts. We need to rotate rotor at 240 rpm,

From research paper, force required to crush the groundnut is 2 N.

Torque = F*r* no. of groundnuts crushed at an instant of time.

Radius of rotor = 0.096m

Bulk density = 330 kg/m3 ……………………………… (Research Paper)

Volume = (π/8) *L*(d22-d12)

Where,
L = Length of Rotor = 450mm

d1 = Diameter of Rotor = 193mm

d2 = Diameter of Sieve = 223 mm

V = 2.2054*10-3 m3

As bulk density can be written as,

ρ = M/V ……………………………… (Bulk Density=330 kg/m3)

Mass = 0.75 kg

Mass of total groundnut crushed = 0.75 kg.

Mass of 1 groundnut = 0.01 kg

18
 No. of groundnut = M/0.01 = 75

Thus, assuming Total 75 groundnuts crushed,

Torque required by roller to crush groundnut = 2*0.096*75

= 14.4 Nm

Power required by rotor = (2*π*N*T)/60

P = (2*3.14*240*14.4)/60

P = 361.9 W
Material selected for rotor is SIMULUS MS Pipe.
Mass of rotor = 16 kg
Self-weight of rotor = 160 N

Fig.6.1 3D Model of Rotor

19
6.2 Selection of Motor
Power required to drive the fan, Pf = (CFM*PSI) / (η*229)

Where,

CFM = flow rate (Cubic feet per minute)

PSI = Static pressure (Pound per square inch)

η=75%

Pf = 50 W
Total power required for machine = 49.28 W + 361.9 W

= 411.18 W
Thus, 1HP motor is selected

6.3 Design of Pulley

So we have to design pulleys to transfer power from motor to rotor shaft and motor to fan.

Material selected for pulley is Cast Iron.

N1D1 = N2D2
Where,
N1 = speed of motor

N2 = output speed required

D1 = Diameter Of input motor shaft
D2 = Diameter Of Outer Pulley
N1 = 1440 rpm, N2 = 240 rpm, D1 = 0.05 m, D2 = 0.3 m

From above values we have selected the bearings from manufacturing catalogue as per
our requirements.

Pulley 1
2 groove pulley - PHP2SPZ50TB

I.D = 9-25mm, O.D = 54mm, Pitch diameter = 50mm, m = 4kg

Pulley 2
Single groove – PHP1SPZ315TB
I.D = 14-50mm, O.D = 319mm, Pitch diameter = 315mm, m = 6.5 kg
20
6.4 Design of shaft
Belt Tension Calculation

T1 = tension of belt in tight side

T2 = tension of belt in slag side
2.3 ln(T1/T2) = µθ*cosec β
T1 = 9.86*T2----------------------------- (1)
τ = (T1- T2) *R
τ = 14.4 Nm R

= 0.096m

T1 = T2 + 150----------------------------- (2)
From equation (1) & (2),
T1=167N

T2=17N

We have selected SAE 1030 material for shaft, having properties,

Syt = 296 MPa.

Sut = 527 MPa.

By ASME design consideration of shaft,

τmax = 0.3* 296/2 = 44.4 N/mm2

τmax = 0.18*527/2 = 47.43N/mm2

Selecting minimum,

τmax = 44.4 N/mm2

For key slot,

τ = 0.75*τmax
= 0.75*44.4
τallowable = 33.3 MPa

21
Horizontal plane

α=600
Weight of Pulley, Wp = (T1 + T2) cos30 + Self weight of pulley

Wp = 106.2 N
Self Weight, Ws = 160 N
Rb1 + Rb2 = 386.2 N
Taking moment about A,
Σ Ma = 0

= 106.2*520 – R1* 480 + 280* 240 =0

Therefore, reactions at support are,

R1 = 255.05 N R2

= 131.15 N

Bending moment acting on the shafts are, Ma

= 0 Nmm

Mb = 31470 Nmm M c

= - 4248 Nmm Md =

0 Nmm

Vertical plane

Weight of Pulley Wp = 88.265 N

Self-Weight Ws = 160 N

Rv1 + Rv2 = 368.265

Σ Ma = 0

= 88.265*520 – R1 *480 + 280*240 = 0

22
 Reactions at support are,

R1 =235.62 N R2 =

132.644 N

Bending moment acting on shaft in vertical shaft are, Ma

= 0 Nmm

Mb = 31834.56 Nmm

Mc = -3560.6 Nmm Md

= 0 Nmm

Equivalent bending moment can be given as,

Mb = ((31470)2+(31834.56)2)1/2Kb

=2

KT = 1.5

Mb = 44763.83 Nmm
D3 = (16/π*τmax) * ((KbMb)2 +(KtMt)2)1/2 .

Diameter of shaft is,

D = 30 mm.

6.5 Design of Bearing

To design the bearing we need to calculate radial and axial forces,

Fr1 = ((255.05)2 + (235.62)2)1/2

= 347.228 N

Fr2 = ((131.15)2 + (132.644)2)1/2

= 186.533 N

23
 Let,

P1 = Fr1 = 347.228 N

P2 = Fr2 = 186.533 N

There are no axial forces acting on bearing.

We selected the Single Row Deep Groove Ball Bearing,

Life of 90 % of bearing can be given as,

L10 = (60*n*L10h) / 106

Where,
N= Number of revolutions per minute
L10h = No. of million revolutions in hour.

L10h = 15000 hours

N = 240 rpm

L10 = 216 million revolution

C1 = P1 * (L10)-1/3*Load factor

Load factor = 2

C1 = 4166.736 N

C2 = P2 * (L10)-1/3*Load factor

C2 = 2238.396 N

6.6 Design of Hopper

We need to design the hopper for pouring 5 kg of groundnuts,

Surface area of one groundnut= 440 mm2

We are passing 20 groundnuts to rotor at instant to avoid jamming,

Total area for 20 groundnuts,

a = 440 * 20
= 8800 mm2
24
 a = 0.0088 m2
a = x*y

x = 450 mm …………………………………length of rotor

Therefore, y = 20 mm
Also,

h = 1.73*x for angle of repose θ = 600

Let us assume we will pour 5 kg of groundnuts and 5kg – 500 groundnuts A

= 500* 800 * 10-6

A = 0.25 m2

Area = x*y

X =450 mm
Y = 350 mm

Therefore, height of the hopper will be,

h = 1.73*200

h = 350 mm.
Material selected for hopper is GI Sheet.

3D Model of Hopper

25
Designing of Machine:
1. Design Of Belt On Main Shaft Pulley
According to Kick‟s relation Power required to shell groundnut
(1) H =KKFC ln(L1/L2) = 654.1 watts
(2) Selected motor 1hp, 1440 rpm
(3) Speed of main shaft N2 = 240mm
(4) Speed of blower shaft N3 = 720 rpm
(5) Velocity ratio is 6 for shelling and velocity ratio for blower 1/3 of shelling speed
(6) Motor pulley diameter, D1 = 75mm
(7) Shaft pulley diameter, D2 = 450mm
(8) Design power, Pd = 0.8206 kw
(9) Vp =339.29m/min
(10) For v-belt drive Vp =300 to 1500 m/min Vp in range so selected velocity ratio is correct.
(11) Power/belt = 2.378 KW
(12) No. of belts, n = 1
(13) Length of belt, L = 2m
(14) Bending load, Fb = 39.11N

2) Design Of Bigger Pulley On Main Shaft Pulley

(1) Width of pulley, w = 21mm
(2) Pitch diameter, Dp = 200mm
(3) Arm-construction(4 arms)
(4) Rim thickness, t = 11mm
(5) No. of sets = 1
(6) No. of stand = 1 ( singal stand pulley)

3) Design Of Main Shaft

(1) Design torque, Td = 51.944 N-m
(2) Belt tensions,T1 = 446.403 N, T2 = 215.5 N
(3) FORCE CALCULATION
(4) Wt. of bigger pulley, WpA = 60.82N
(5) Wt. of smaller pulley, WpD = 30.41N
(6) wt. of main shaft with blades,Wsh =82.4N

26
(7) Rvc = 63.141 N-m
(8) Rvb = 110.489
(9) Resultant moment, Mc = 156.2N-m
(10) Selecting shaft material SAE 1030
(11) Tmax = 44.4 Mpa
(12) Diameter of shaft ,Dsh = 30mm
(13) Pulley Hub diameter,Dh =70 mm
(14) Pulley Hub length Lh =45mm

4) Design Of Pulley On Blower Shaft Pulley

(1) Dia. Of blower pulley, D4 = 75 mm
(2) Dia. Of pulley, D3 = 225 mm
(3) Length of belt, L = 2.1 m
(4) Forces on belt, T1 =843.69 N, T2 = 382.28 N
(5) Width of belt, w = 13 mm
(6) Thickness of belt , t = 8 mm
(7) Arm construction type
(8) No. of arms = 4
(9) No. of set = 1
(10) No. of stand = 1

27
7.WORKING PRINCIPLE

28
7. WORKING PRINCIPLE

Groundnut SHELLER is operated on the shearing action blowering action and separating
action. Firstly the inputs i.e. the groundnut are fed to the machine through the hopper. Then
groundnuts come in contact with the two members, one is semicircular net and another is roll
shaft. Semicircular net is a stationary member while the roll shaft is rotating member. When the
groundnut comes in contact with these two members then the shearing action takes place here.
Due to shearing action (crushing) the groundnuts gets shelled and divided into two parts. i.e. in
the peanut and outer shell of the groundnuts. There clearance is provided between the net and
roll shaft. The clearance provided is depends upon the size of the groundnuts which is to be
decocted. After shelleing the groundnut the peanut and shells of the groundnut gets dropped from
the semicircular net, in downward direction then a centrifugal force is applied by a fan on the
peanut and shell of the groundnut. Due to more weight, the peanuts gets moved downward and
collected in the separator. But due to lighter weight the shell of the groundnuts are thrown
outside the machine and which are collected from the backside of the machine. From the shelling
chamber the unshelled groundnuts also gets dropped in the tray (7% to 10%). This groundnut
gets dropped from the clearance made among the grill. The three kinds of the nets can be used
with different size of capsule slots, size vise small, medium and large for various size of
groundnuts. In this way the “GROUNDNUT SHELLER” works.

29
8. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

30
8. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The data collected for the shelling efficiency of themachine.the calculated average
shelling efficiency.The result of test conducted on the percentagedryness is presented . It was
deduced from the testdata that the groundnut seeds used are 86.5% dry.The machine is having a
shelling efficiency of 84%and material damage of 14%.Sample is selectedaccording to the
research work done in previouschapter . The sample is brought from market (mandi).It is sun
dried for one day to remove moisturecontend. Sample contains unshelled groundnut andMachine
in the previous chapter, accordinglyresearch we decide one sample & testing can donefive times.
After taking reading, calculating totalsample reading and this total reading give meanreading.
This mean reading help us to calculatingresult of Sheller machine. As the experimental set upof
machine shown in the previous chapter regardingthis, the sample reading are tabulated in the
followingtable. In testing table following parameters are mention like of sample, of shelled nuts
and time required to shelled groundnut. Some soil adhered to shell. As we discussed about
theworking principle and experimental set up of testing.

31
9. LITERATURE REVIEW

32
9. LITERATURE REVIEW
This project is based on groundnut shelling. Properties of groundnut and peanuts
aremainly to be looked upon in the research paper. The properties such as dimensions,breaking
strength, the gap between the rotor and sieve from the manual machine. Socurrent research going
on to reduce the power consumption of machine likeintroducing solar system or more efficient
system.From the paper of Research on the fatigue behavior for peanut shelling, we studiedthe
fatigue behavior of peanut shells. One of the methods to be utilized in the shellingof peanut is
fatigue. It is well-known that fatigue results when a point of a material issubjected to varying
stress. In this research the pressure applied on a peanut is in thestatic sense.[1]

From the paper of Engineering Properties Of Three Varieties Of Groundnut PodsAnd

Kernels, we used some engineering design related physical and mechanicalproperties of three
varieties namely; Manipintar, Local I and Local II of groundnutpods and kernels such as
dimensions, geometric mean diameter (GMD), sphericity,surface area, bulk density, true density,
porosity, volume, Mass, 1000- unit mass,angle of repose, static coefficient of friction on various
surfaces and rupture force in 3axes.[2]

From the paper of Determination of Some Physical Properties of ThreeGroundnut

Varieties, we used some of the physical properties, such as weight, angleof repose, coefficient of
friction, bulk density, size, shape and moisture content ofthree varieties of groundnuts namely
ICGV-SM-93523, RMP-9 and RMP- 12 fordesign purpose . [3]

From the paper of Estimation of Engineering Parameters for the Development ofa
Groundnut Decorticator, we used the values of physical, thermal and mechanicalproperties of
groundnut for the development of efficient and effective groundnutdecorticator. Also, the
estimation of these properties has been able to establish pointsof reference that is required to
achieve the desired results as optimal parameters foreffective and efficient shelling operations.
[4]

From the paper of Effect of moisture content on some engineering properties ofgroundnut
pods and kernels, we have studied the effect of moisture content on someengineering properties
of groundnut pods and kernels. The properties investigatedwere principal dimensions, porosity,
bulk density, true density, angle of repose andstatic coefficient of friction as dependent variables
while moisture content.

33
 Shelling is the removal of grains from their pod either bystripping, impact action and
rubbing or any combination ofthese methods [4].The most popular method of groundnutshelling,
which is still widely used is the method of crushingor pressing the pods in between the thumb
and the firstfinger to break off the pods and release the seed. Thismethod has low efficiency, it is
time consuming, and has highdemand of energy [4]. Groundnut shelling machine is amachine
used to remove the shell of groundnut so as toobtain the groundnut seeds [3]. There are different
machineshave been fabricated and used to shell wide variety ofgroundnut pods [4].These
machines are too costly andcomplex in operation and maintenance [4]. The lowest priceof the
hand operated groundnut Sheller machine is Rs-11,500/- . Some of these machines have very
high shellingcapacity.

Shelling capacity varies from machine to machineranging from 5kg-seeds/h to

60kgseeds/h ([1]; [2]). Somehand operated Sheller machines are suitable for domesticapplication
but they only do shelling operation, separation ofseeds we have to do manually by using
traditional methodssuch as by using natural wind or by using sieve. A simplehand operated
groundnut Sheller has a semi-cylindricalscreen closed on both sides. A shaft carrying a lever at
oneend is fixed across the centre of the semi-cylinder as shownin the Fig.1 (a). On the lever is a
pair of plate with shoes orbeater bars, having blunts on their undersides. Forsuccessful operation
of the machine, the operator stands bythe side, then holding the operating lever (handle)
andswinging it by pushing to and fro to provide shelling actionon the shoes assembly [4]. The
semi-rotary, action of theshoes shells the pods against the screen but this type ofmachines cannot
do separation of shell and seed.

Santosh Mangave and Bhagyesh Deshmukh fabricated a groundnut Shelling machine

which is easily movable. The parts of the machine are hopper, axle, main disc, front disc, handle
etc. Thin metal sheet is used for hopper & wood is used for main disc and front disc. The axle is
manufactured from the steel. Axle of the machine may be horizontal, vertical or inclined. From
the hopper the groundnut falls in the crushing area i.e. between the front disc and the main disc.
As we rotate the handle of the machine by hand, the front disc is rotated and the groundnuts get
shelled and they falls down from the disc. The machine shells the dry groundnut and machine
can be used for domestic application. The groundnut separator machine was developed by
Ashok. S. Andhale et.al. The machine works with the help of the robotic arm. Plucking up the
groundnut crop from the field and placing it in the blades of rotor is the main function of the
robotic arm. The components of the machine are motor, chassis, battery, spur gear, arm, gripper,

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rotating brush, rotating drum, worm gear. Spur and the worm gears will be attached on the
gripper. The rotation of the motor in the clockwise and the anticlockwise direction, opens and
closes the gripper moments. Power is supplied through the battery for the switches which works
as a controller. Commands from the mechanical switches are used to operate the arm and the
gripper. Through the robotic arm the groundnut crops are plucked and the roots containg the
groundnuts is placed on the rotating spike drum. The contact between the groundnut and the
spikes will separate the groundnuts from the crop and is stored at the bottom of casing.

The pedal operated groundnut crusher was designed and fabricated by Kulbhushan M.
Shejole et.al. In the machine the groundnuts are separated manually. The groundnut decorticator
machine works on quick return mechanism. Through the pedalling action the groundnuts get
crushed. The pendulum is attached to the shaft. The rubber pad is placed on the pendulum in
order to decrease the mechanical damage of the groundnuts. With the help of the rubber pad the
groundnuts get crushed. A greater output rate is obtained if we continuously operates the
machine. Output rates obtained by pedal operated groundnut decorticator (49 kg/hour) which is
higher than hand operated decorticator. The maintenance cost, production cost and energy
consumption was less in these machine.

The pedalling action is used to rotate the screw conveyor placed on the shaft through the
sprockets of bicycle. This idea was used by Pratima G. Mungase et.al designed and fabricate
their machine. The rear sprocket is placed on the bicycle shaft, which is rotated with the help of a
chain drive. The groundnuts are inserted through the hopper in the screw conveyor. The distance
between the flights and the casing of the conveyor is enough to crushed the groundnuts. At the
end of the outlet the mixture of groundnuts and crushed shells are obtained. The groundnut
shelling machine was designed and fabricated by Ashish S. Raghtate et.al. The groundnuts are
dispense with the help of hopper. Then groundnuts get crushed when they are in contact with
roller shaft and semicircular net. The groundnuts are crushed with the help of shearing action
between the rotating roller and a stationary semi-circular net. The crushed groundnuts are
separated with the help of the centrifugal fan or blower running at higher speeds. Because of the
higher weights, the nuts fall down and get collected in the tray. Whereas the shells are blown
away due to their light weight. 7% to 10% of the unshelled groundnuts also get collected in the
tray. Shubham Deshmukh et.al designed and fabricated the machine with the output shelling rate
of 400kg/hr. It has 95.25% of shelling efficiency and 91.67% of separating efficiency. Motor,
main pulley, input shaft, output shaft, fork, base plate, flywheel, almond couplings are the

35
component of the machines. The materials used for the machine is cheap and easily available.
The weight of the machine is also low and it consist of the hopper, crushing chamber, separation
chamber and the blower unit.

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10. CONCLUSION

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10. CONCLUSION
A groundnut shelling machine has been designed,fabricated and tested in this research.
Apreliminarytest evaluation in terms of shelling efficiency andmaterial damaged has indicated
that it has a higherpotential in substituting manual methods. Also, themachine exceeded the
previously designed andfabricated shelling machine in terms of efficiency andtime. This is
because the design involves materialstrength and rigidity. The followingrecommendations are
required for effective utilizationof the machine; these include making sure thegroundnut
moisture content is not more than 16%,running the machine for a maximum of 10 hoursdaily,
installing the machine in a well ventilated area,using engine grade lubrication oil and running
dailymaintenance after operation to prolong the machinelife span.Proper evaluation of the design
will beperformed and created something even better insteadof simply manually operated
operations. Finally weconclude that atomize machine is better option to usefarmer instead of
manually operated. The demandsatomize shelling machine of farmer & othercustomers will be
also considered while designingmachine. Purpose of fabrication of the Sheller was todetermine
the suitability of machine for farmer‟s use.
Five experiments were performed with peanuts. Sincethis machine is made for small
businessman or forfarmers, therefore the work carried out by thismachine is less. The capital
required for purchasingthe bigger size groundnut decorticator is very high orthe cost required for
decorticating the groundnut onthe job work is also more. In comparison these“Groundnut
Sheller” is very cheap.We have selectedthe “GROUNDNUT SHELLER
REMOVERMACHINE” as our project work. The “GROUNDNUTSHELLER RENOVER
MACHINE” is the idealequipment for decocting process. In the process ofcompletion of the
project work our ideas and thoughtare development towards the mechanisms andtechnologies of
the equipment. We also visualizedthat this “GROUNDNUT SHELLER REMOVERMACHINE”
is the most critical equipment for thefuture growth and development of cottage sectorprojects.

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11. FUTURE SCOPE

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11. FUTURE SCOPE

Future scope of work is what is required to be delivered. It is importuned that future

scope statement is clear unambiguous and easily to understand. It should also include details
leaving the reader in no doubt what is being delivered as part of project. The groundnut Sheller,
with sufficient market penetration, would offer a substantial in shelling efficiency. Most shelling
is done by hand in groundnut producing region of the developing world. This type of task is
usually done by woman. The low cost groundnut Sheller is a case of intermediate technology.
Ultimately, it could significantly reduce groundnut processing time for rural women and farmer,
opening up time for other task.
Following are the future scope of machine which will give more output to owner.
(1) Shelled nuts are in different sizes. Per kg price of nuts varies according to size of nuts. For
fetching premium quality nuts grading system can be attach at nuts outlet of Sheller machine.
(2) Electric sensor based automated flow control can be added at bottom end of hopper to
continuous and proportionate constant flow of ground nut.
(3) While shelling of ground nut, soil sticked to shells enters in to the nuts. To remove soil
particles soil removal system (grading system) can be attached.
(4) If we provide the arrangement at the outlet of shells, we can better control the dust.
(5) If we provide the arrangement at the outlet of shells, we can better control the dust.
(6) In “GROUNDNUT SHELLER” if we connect the gear train or chain drive so we can operate
it with the help of bull instead of electric motor Or it can be run on the 0.5 H.P. with same
output.

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12. REFERENCES

41
11. REFERENCES
[1] J. N. MADUAKO and M. HAMMAN “Determination of Some Physical
Properties of Three Groundnut Varieties”.
[2] A.Mishra, R. Soni and J. Mangla, “development of a low cost peanut
decorticator for use in Developing countries” Synergy and Technical Development
(Synergy2009) Gödöll_, Hungary, 30. August – 02. September 2009.
[3] A.A. Atiku, N.A. Aviara and M.A. Haque, “performance evaluation of a
bambara ground nut Sheller,” Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGR
Journal of Scientific Research and Development. Manuscript PM 04 002.Vol. VI.
July, 2004
[4] F.A. Oluwole*, A.T. Abdulrahim, and M.B. Oumarou,‟‟ Development and
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[5] J. N. Maduako, M. Saidu, P. Matthias, I. Vanke, “Testing of an engine-powered
groundnut shelling machine,” Journal of Agricultural Engineering and Technology
(JAET). Volume 14, 2006
[6] M.A.Helmy, A.Mitrroi, S.E. Abdallah,Mohamed, A. Basiouny “Modification
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[7] Abubakar Mohammed &Abudulkadir B. Hassan, “Design & Evaluation of
motorized & manually operated groundnut shelling machine,” international journal
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[8] OladejiAkanniOgunwole, “Design, Fabrication & Testing of manually &
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(Online) Vol.14, 2013
[9] Shelling Equipment for sample of Peanut, by James dickens, Agricultural
Engineer U.S. Department of Agricultural

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[10] Design for a pedal driven power unit by David Weightman, Lanchester
polytechnic, United Kingdom.
[11] ShiwalkarB.D.,‟‟Design data for machine elements‟‟, 2010 Denett&
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[12] Rattan S.S, ‟‟Theory of machine‟‟, edition 2012, S.Chand Publication.
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Hill book company pvt.Ltd.,Dec 1953
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Publication,1956
a University, Japan, Sept-2007.

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PHOTOGRAPHY

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