Clifford Michael B.

Manongsong SCI-TECH
BSSW – 1st Year

ACTIVITY 3 – MIDTERM

1. List at least 10 indigenous beliefs and practices in your community and write them below.
 There are two funeral occasions for Mangyans, notably Hanunuos. The first occurs shortly after
death. The second is when the bones must be unearthed after a year or two. They believe in Maha na
Makaako, a Supreme Being who watches over and loves them. They also think that their Supreme
Being has a son, Presidents, who is in charge of carrying out his father's orders. They also believe in
the existence of malevolent spirits and the possibility of immortality.
 The Mangyans use a writing system that is a descendent of the old Snaskrit alphabet. There are
eighteen characters in the Mangyans syllabary, three of which are vowels, while the remaining fifteen
characters combine those vowels. For inscribing, they utilize the siyaw or a bolo-shaped kinife, and
for paper, they use bamboo, either split or whole.
 The family is regarded as the most fundamental unit of production and consumption. Their kindred
system may be traced back to both the father and mother's relationships, and we are referred to as
guruan in their system. We call the nuclear family talnakan because there is already a social structure
in place. During their absence, the eldest assumes the role of the parents and is regarded as the second
parent. He or she is also seen as the go-between for the parents and the younger siblings.
 The musical joust is enjoyed by both sexes throughout the festivities. All string instruments, such as
the gitgit, Kudyapi, and Kinaban, are typically performed by males, but the lantuy (a bamboo flute),
taghup, and tanghup are typically played by women (a whistle made out of bamboo). The ambahan (a
poetry of seven syllable lines) has found its place as an instrument for courting ladies, similar to
music.
 The puon-balayan, a local group formed of closely connected families known as sanguraan, provides
leadership. The puon-balayan is tasked with deciding moral and legal issues. Using either the pangaw
or the tige, every criminal conduct or transgression is rectified. Tige, on the other hand, is a
punishment in which the perpetrators of a crime are summoned and instructed to place their right
hand in a kettle of boiling water in order to retrieve a white stone from the bottom of the pot. Anyone
who has their right hand burnt is presumed guilty. It is expected that no innocent people would be
burnt in this test since Apo Iraya will safeguard them from damage.
 Men have a lengthy braided hairstyle on the upper half of their head, with the rest of their hair
trimmed short, if not completely shaven. Women wear their hair back behind their heads, often with a
Clifford Michael B. Manongsong SCI-TECH
BSSW – 1st Year

beaded band as a decoration. They have a tiny, even set of teeth as a result of the prevalent practice of
filing their teeth when they were young.
 The individual's relationship to the community is governed by a spirit of collaboration and
togetherness. There are no written laws in place. Their elders have passed on whatever they have in
the shape of laws to them verbally in the form of guidance or advise. When conflicts emerge, the
disputants may choose to settle their disagreements in front of an elder, the judge who will determine
the issue. The aggrieved parties are then served justice. Different offenses are punished differently.
 In distant places, Mangyans have maintained their ancient way of life, which includes hunting with
bows and arrows and gathering food. The majority, on the other hand, engages in small-scale, self-
sustaining agriculture and product trading. Tagalog planters use them for "dirty labour," such as
removing unsuitable plants from plantations or even turning forests to plantations, which adds to
more habitat loss.
 Mangyan women married at a young age. During courting, a young man uses ambahan to persuade
the female of his intentions. He plays his subing, a three-star guitar, in between recitations. Both
parents are involved in the planning of the wedding, including the dowry. The actual wedding is brief;
the majority of the time is spent listening to admonitions and advice from a magdadniw, a type of
preacher.
 Men still wear G-strings, but those who have intermarried with lowlanders have replaced G-strings
with short pants. The ladies cover themselves with a skirt made of rectangular pieces of fabric sewed
together with both hands. They both wear a long-sleeved, form-fitting shirt known as the balukas for
men and lambong for ladies. They offer a short-sleeved one for both sexes that they call subon for
everyday use. They wear beaded bands around their necks and arms and wear a woven belt called
nito.

2. Read articles on indigenous science on the internet. Examine what is common among these indigenous
science beliefs and practices and write your answer below.
Most educated individuals nowadays feel Indigenous cultures are unscientific because they are founded
on magical or spiritual ideas and/or lack empirical observation and experimentation. People's attempts to
address or relieve difficulties of human need by adapting to the environment through design and trial and
error procedures are not considered applied science.
We believe that, because Indigenous cultures have made substantial contributions to a wide range of
scientific disciplines, there must be several paths to valid scientific knowledge claims. Because indigenous
science typically integrates knowledge and holistic principles, it improves the ability to assess the long-term
Clifford Michael B. Manongsong SCI-TECH
BSSW – 1st Year

costs and benefits of activities that may harm the environment. Indigenous Science may be found in a
variety of existing knowledge categories, including Indigenous Knowledge, Traditional Ecological
Knowledge, and Wisdom. There can be no science without knowledge. As a result, the term "science"
should be widened to encompass Indigenous science. The purpose of the articles that have been read and
reviewed is to find a large body of Indigenous Science and science literature that has the potential to
improve our capacity to design more relevant science education programs that are accessible to all students.
As a result, including Indigenous Scientific examples into the science classroom allows it to be more
widely recognized and acknowledged for its validity and use, hence increasing interest and authenticity in
science education. Indigenous science existed not just in the past, but even currently in many circumstances.
For many science instructors, the first step is simply acknowledging Indigenous Science's validity as a
branch of science and its usefulness in the classroom. It is our desire that instructors would present
Indigenous Science to all students in the science classroom as a supplementary method of interpreting the
world. Discussions should focus on how Indigenous frameworks might be used to better understand nature
and solve scientific, technological, and environmental issues.