A

PROJECT REPORT
ENTITLED ON
The role of Computer in banking & financial institutions.

SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, PUNE

For the Bachelor of Business Administration
Submitted By,
Mr. Vishal Nanasaheb Gadekar.
Under Guidance of
Prof:-…………..
MULA EDUCATION SOCIETY’
ART’S COMMERCE AND SCIENCE COLLEGE SONAI
TAL.NEWASA DIST. AHMEDNAGAR .
Year:- 2020-2021

1
 INDEX
Sr. No. Name of the topic Page No.
1 Declaration 3
2 Acknowledgement 4
3 Introduction 5-6
4 Objectives of study 7
5 Banking in India 8-10
6 Problems of computer and 11-17
Technology in banking
7 Benefits of computer and 18-23
technology in banking
8 Modes of Online 24-34
transaction
9 Objectives 35
10 Findings 36
11 Suggestions 37
12 Conclusion 38

2
 DECLARATION

We hereby that this project entitled The role of

Computer in banking & financial institutions written by
we and submitted to SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE
UNIVERSITY, PUNE for the award of the Bachelor of
Business Administration in Under the faculty of
commerce. We further declare that, this has not been
submitted, in full or in Part, to any other university for
any degree or whatsoever.

Date:-
Place:-

Sr.no Student Name Signature

1. Gadekar Vishal Nanasaheb.

3
 AKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of Gratitude to

my teacher PROF- …….. as well as our Principal Dr.
Shankar Laware who gave me the golden opportunity to
do this wonderful project on the “ROLE OF COMPUTERS
IN BANKING AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS” topic which
also helped me in doing a Lot of Research and I came to
know about so many new things.
I am really thankful to them. I would also like to thank
my parents and friends who helped me a lot in finishing
this project within the limited time. I am making this
project not only for marks but to also increase my
knowledge .

Sr.no Name of Student Signature

1. Gadekar Vishal Nanasaheb.

Introduction
4
A bank can be defined as a financial institution,
organization or a place that provides a financial service,
equally one can also defined bank as an establishment
authorized by a government to accept deposits, pay
interest, clear checks, make loans, act as an intermediary
in financial transactions, allows the purchase of bills and
checks or the purchase and sales of securities and
provide other financial services to its customers. The first
computers were people! That is, electronic computers
(and the earlier mechanical computers) were given this
name because they performed the work that had
previously been assigned to people. "Computer" was
originally a job title: It was used to describe those human
beings (predominantly women) whose job was to
perform the repetitive calculations required to compute
such things as navigational tables, tide charts and
planetary positions for astronomical almanacs. A long
time ago, people charged with duty of collection and
Disbursements of tax were encountering
Problems in calculations. In those days, the problems
faced by the early method of data processing involved
the use of animal skin, feather, grains etc. were very
difficult for them to handle.

5
 Every individual, organisation need information
Banks and other financial institution are heavy users of
computers in maintaining customer's accounts, ledger,
updating, electronic fund transfer and processing of huge
amount of cheques, credit cards, and the major
transactions that takes place daily. The up coming
automatic teller machines (ATM) already installed by
most banks are the most visible symbols of computer in
the banking sector in Nigeria. They are of course
everywhere in Europe, America and Asia. The Automatic
Teller machine (ATM) enable bank customer to
withdraw, recharge phones, transfer funds from their
various accounts even when the bank is closed physically.
Each transaction made, the customer's record is updated
and he or she is provided with a print out or notification.
However the use of computer in the banking sector can
be an efficient tool in speeding up the process and
reducing the cost of producing and undertaking figure
works. More effective control procedure in computerized
system many credit cards, smart cards.

6
 Objectives of Study
The objectives of the project "The Study of Application
of Information Technology In Banking Sector"
includes the following:
 To know the present condition of technology in
Indian banking sector.
 To know about the electronic payment system.
 To know about the hackers and frauds in online
banking.
 To know about the risk management policies of
Indian banking sector.
 To know about the electronic banking sector.

7
 Banking in India
Modern banking in India originated in the last decade of
the 18th century. Among the first banks were the Bank of
Hindustan, which was established in 1770 and liquidated
in 1829 and the General Bank of India, established in
1786 but failed in 1791.
The largest and the oldest bank which is still in existence
is the State Bank of India (SBI). It originated and started
working as the Bank of Calcutta in mid-June 1806. In
1809, it was renamed as the Bank of Bengal. This was
one of the three banks founded by a presidency
government, the other two were the Bank of Bombay in
1840 and the Bank of Madras in 1843. The three banks
were merged in 1921 to form the Imperial Bank of India,
which upon India’s independence, became the State
Bank of India in 1955. For many years, the presidency
banks had acted as quasi-central banks, as did their
successors, until the Reserve Bank of India was
established in 1935, under the Reserve Bank of India Act,
1934.
In 1960, the State Banks of India was given control of
eight state-associated banks under the State Bank of
8
India (Subsidiary Banks) Act, 1959. These are now called
its associate banks. In 1969, the Government of India
nationalised 14 major private banks; one of the big banks
was Bank of India. In 1980, 6 more private banks were
nationalised. These nationalised banks are the majority
of lenders in the Indian economy. They dominate the
banking sector because of their large size and
widespread networks.
The Indian banking sector is broadly classified into
scheduled and non-scheduled banks. The scheduled
banks are those included under the 2nd Schedule of the
Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. The scheduled banks are
further classified into: nationalised banks; State Bank of
India and its associates; Regional Rural Banks (RRBs);
foreign banks; and other Indian private sector banks. The
SBI has merged its Associate banks into itself to create
the largest Bank in India on 1 April 2017. With this
merger SBI has a global ranking of 236 on Fortune 500
index. The term commercial banks refer to both
scheduled and non-scheduled commercial banks
regulated under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
Generally, the supply, product range and reach of
banking in India is fairly mature-even though reach in
rural India and to the poor still remains a challenge. The
9
government has developed initiatives to address this
through the State Bank of India expanding its branch
network and through the National Bank for Agriculture
and Rural Development (NABARD).

10
Problems of Computer
&Technology in banking
1.Cyber Crime
More criminals are robbing banks using computers than
guns. The physical banks have become more secure with
alarms, security systems, and bulletproof glass, but
computer systems continue to remain vulnerable to
cyberattack. Criminals who can hack banking systems can
move millions of dollars with a keystroke.

Bank systems, like any network, are subject to malware,

spear-phishing, and ransomware. The challenge facing IT
is to harden their systems to prevent cybercriminals from
gaining access. They need more effective risk
management tools and protocols to eliminate weak
points and monitor for unusual network activity.

IT can’t prevent social engineering from enticing

employees or customers to surrender passwords or grant
network access, but IT can strengthen its proactive
security protocols. Stronger authentication strategies and
11
better malware detection are the first line of defense.
Increasingly, real-time big data analytics are proving
useful in fighting cybercrime. Big data can reveal patterns
that suggest fraud and trigger automated responses to
stop hackers before they get too far.
2. Mobile Banking
Consumers are embracing mobile banking. More than 36
percent of Americans are now active mobile bankers, up
from 13 percent on 2011, using smartphones to check
balances (80 percent), view transactions (52 percent),
and transfer money (45 percent).
More mobile users mean more headaches for IT. Secure
mobile gateways and protocols have to be set up,
including password management, authentication, and
secure password recovery. And customer information
has to be protected. Whether remote users are logging
on using their smartphone or a laptop computer, over-
the-air data can be “sniffed” and captured by fraudsters.
IT has to implement data protection and encryption
procedures to protect customers and comply with
government regulations.

12
Mobile banking solutions also have to be integrated into
backend banking systems. And mobile banking support
has to be scalable as 50 percent of banking customers go
mobile each year.
3. New Transaction Systems
In addition to mobile and online banking, new payment
systems are disrupting banking computing. Apple Pay,
Venmo, and other non-banking companies are creating
with new peer-to-peer payment systems that have to
integrate with banking systems. Payment systems like
PayPal are also gaining more consumer trust compared
to banks, and IT has to support new strategies to win
back customers and increase the banks share of wallet
with new technologies.
4. Regulatory Scrutiny
With new technologies come new government
regulations. Following the financial crisis of 2007,
government agencies are placing banks under
microscopic scrutiny. The FDIC, the Federal
Reserve, state regulatory agencies, and the new
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPD) are
just a few of the agencies monitoring bank
13
business practices.

Part of IT’s responsibility is to support compliance.

Not only do IT processes have to conform to the
latest regulations governing privacy, transactions,
etc., they also have to be ready for an audit. In the
current regulatory climate, being able to present a
paper trail proving compliance is more important
than ever.

New technologies can help banking IT managers

address these challenges. Cloud computing, for
example, can address problems such as system
expansion to accommodate more mobile and
better data security. The cloud is also an elastic
resource to store more data for big data
processing and archiving transaction records.
5. Rising Expectations
Today’s consumer is smarter, savvier, and more informed
than ever before and expects a high degree of
personalization and convenience out of their banking

14
experience. Changing customer demographics play a
major role in these heightened expectations: With each
new generation of banking customer comes a more
innate understanding of technology and, as a result, an
increased expectation of digitized experiences.

Millennials have led the charge to digitization, with five

out of six reporting that they prefer to interact with
brands via social media; when surveyed, millennials were
also found to make up the largest percentage of mobile
banking users, at 47%. Based on this trend, banks can
expect future generations, starting with Gen Z, to be
even more invested in omnichannel banking and attuned
to technology. By comparison, Baby Boomers and older
members of Gen X typically value human interaction and
prefer to visit physical branch locations.
This presents banks and credit unions with a unique
challenge: How can they satisfy older generations and
younger generations of banking customers at the same
time? The answer is a hybrid banking model that
integrates digital experiences into traditional bank
branches. Imagine, if you will, a physical branch with a
self-service station that displays the most cutting-edge

15
smart devices, which customers can use to access their
bank’s knowledge base. Should a customer require
additional assistance, they can use one of these devices
to schedule an appointment with one of the branch’s
financial advisors; during the appointment, the advisor
will answer any of the customer’s questions, as well as
set them up with a mobile AI assistant that can provide
them with additional recommendations based on their
behavior. It might sound too good to be true, but the
branch of the future already exists, and it’s helping banks
and credit unions meet and exceed rising customer
expectations.
6.Continuous Innovation
Sustainable success in business requires insight, agility,
rich client relationships, and continuous innovation.
Benchmarking effective practices throughout the
industry can provide valuable insight, helping banks and
credit unions stay competitive. However, benchmarking
alone only enables institutions to keep up with the pack
— it rarely leads to innovation. As the cliché goes,
businesses must benchmark to survive, but innovate to
thrive; innovation is a key differentiator that separates
the wheat from the chaff.

16
Innovation stems from insights, and insights are
discovered through customer interactions and
continuous organizational analysis. Insights without
action, however, are impotent — it’s vital that financial
institutions be prepared to pivot when necessary to
address market demands while improving upon the
customer experience.

Financial service organizations leveraging the latest

business technology, particularly around cloud
applications, have a key advantage in the digital
transformation race: They can innovate faster. The
power of cloud technology is its agility and scalability.

17
Benefits of computer
&Technology in banking
1.AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINE(ATM)
TECHNOLOGY:
ATM technology is an information technology product
that replaces human tellers. It runs automatically
through ID like card and password, PIN (personal
Identification Number), which is uniquely provided by
the bank. If people insert their visa card in to the
machine, it verifies the password and makes it open
for the user to access the service delivered by the
machine. It allows all visa card holders to withdraw
cash and ask their balance. It allows 24-hours cash
withdrawal facilities using debit/ credit cards, fast
cash, fund transfer, Personal Identification Number
(PIN) change, mini-statement request etc.

18
 2.INTERNET BANKING TECHNOLOGY:
It is the use of internet technology as a channel for
providing service directly for customers. Using internet
banking technology, customers who have access to
internet, can conduct transaction from wherever they
are. Account balance enquiry, fund transfer among the
accounts of same customer, opening or modify of term
deposit account, pay order request, bills payment,
account summary, account details, account activity,
standing instructions, loan repayment, loan
information, statement request, refill prepaid card,
password change, bank guarantee application, lost
card (debit/credit) reporting, pay credit card dues,
view credit card statement or check balance are some
of the services that can be provided by banks through
internet banking technology.

3.POINT OF SALE (POS) TERMINAL:

It is an electronic machine that can sense a special
plastic card that is encoded with information on a
magnetic slip. Actually, the device functions as a
receiving desk of cash counter of a bank branch. Allows
19
debit cards, credit cards, visa cards etc for making
transactions. POS provides a number of services such as,
payment for products purchased or services rendered at
different merchant locations using debit/ credit cards etc.

4.TELE BANKING TECHNOLOGY:

Tele Banking Technology is a banking technology that
enables customers to get banking service by dialing to
particular telephone number of the banks form the place
they are. It provides detail account information, balance
inquiry, information about products or services, ATM
card activation, bills payment, credit card service etc.

5.CREDIT CARD TECHNOLOGY:

A special plastic card that is encoded with information
on a magnetic strip linked with credit accounts with
access to ATM or POS terminal located at merchant
outlet, restaurant, 5 star hotels, hospitals etc. It
provides 24-hours cash access within the sanctioned
limit to customer’s credit account through ATM, POS,
20
 merchant shop window, and payment counter, making
payment to merchant against purchase of goods and
services, availing cash advances, withdrawal of cash
from ATM, SMS banking, internet banking etc.

6.DEBIT CARD TECHNOLOGY:

A special plastic card that is encoded with information
on a magnetic strip linked with deposit accounts with
access to ATM or POS terminal. It provides 24-hours
cash access to customer’s savings or current account
through ATM and POS terminals, balance enquiry, mini
statement printing in ATM, cash withdrawal from ATM,
fund transfer to linked accounts of respective
customer, PIN change, utility bills payment, cash
deposit, cheque deposit, purchase of goods and
services through POS terminal, transaction details, etc
While using the debit card, cash will be subtracted
from the account from which the debit card is linked.
Unlike the credit card, debit cards purchase doesn’t
incur interest. However, it has usage charges.

21
7.MOBILE BANKING TECHNOLOGY:
According to Andrew (2009) Mobile banking is defined as
‘the provision of banking and financial services with the
help of mobile telecommunication devices’.
About two billion people worldwide are using a mobile
phone. As the number of mobile phone increases there
has been a pervasive impact on people’s lives. Mobile
banking helps to cover wide geographical area. They can
reach remote area at low cost. In developing countries
where financial services are scarce, mobile banking
provides an inexpensive and secure way to transfer
funds. It also offers improved access to savings accounts.

8.Cybersecurity
Security is indispensable not only for banks but for all
industries. When customers open their account and join
a bank, they expect the financial institution to keep their
information and their capital safe from cyberattacks. But
maintaining quality cybersecurity processes is becoming
more and more difficult for banks. As a result, customers
in various areas across the world are dealing with
fraudulent activity regularly. To thwart such instances
22
affecting customers, banks need more preventative
procedures in place, including multi-layered security,
analytics insights, and adaptive security measures. So,
cybersecurity is most worth investing in for the banking
sector.

9. Bridging the Cultural Gap

People from different nationalities and cultures are able
to communicate amongst themselves and this allows for
exchange of views and opinions which could better their
lives, increase awareness and decrease prejudice. Longer
Working Hours: Business hours are extended from the
normal Monday to Fridayand 8-5 working days. The
business is virtually open 24 hours and 7 days a week.

23
 Modes of Online transaction
 Mobile banking:-
Mobile banking is a service provided by a bank or other
financial institution that allows its customers to conduct
financial transactions remotely using a mobile device
such as a smartphone or tablet. Unlike the related
internet banking it uses software, usually called an app,
provided by the financial institution for the purpose.
Mobile banking is usually available on a 24-hour basis.
Some financial institutions have restrictions on which
accounts may be accessed through mobile banking, as
well as a limit on the amount that can be transacted.
Mobile banking is dependent on the availability of an
internet or data connection to the mobile device.
Transactions through mobile banking depend on the
features of the mobile banking app provided and
typically includes obtaining account balances and lists of
latest transactions, electronic bill payments, remote
check deposits, P2P payments, and funds transfers
between a customer’s or another’s accounts.[1] Some

24
apps also enable copies of statements to be downloaded
and sometimes printed at the customer’s premises.
Using a mobile banking app increases ease of use, speed,
flexibility and also improves security because it
integrates with the user built-in mobile device security.
From the bank’s point of view, mobile banking reduces
the cost of handling transactions by reducing the need
for customers to visit a bank branch for non-cash
withdrawal and deposit transactions. Mobile banking
does not handle transactions involving cash, and a
customer needs to visit an ATM or bank branch for cash
withdrawals or deposits. Many apps now have a remote
deposit option; using the device’s camera to digitally
transmit cheques to their financial institution.
Mobile banking differs from mobile payments, which
involves the use of a mobile device to pay for goods or
services either at the point of sale or remotely,[2]
analogously to the use of a debit or credit card to effect
an EFTPOS payment.

25
  Mobile banking Services:-
 Account information:-
1. Mini-statements and checking of account history.
2.Alerts on account activity or passing of set
thresholds.
3.Monitoring of term deposits.
4.Access to loan statements.
5.Access to card statements.
6.Mutual funds / equity statements.
7.Insurance policy management.

 Transaction:-
1.Funds transfers between the customer’s linked
accounts.
2.Paying third parties, including bill payments and third
party fund transfers(see, e.g., FAST).
3.Check Remote Deposits .
 Support:-
1.Status of requests for credit, including mortgage
approval, and insurance coverage.
26
2.Check (cheque) book and card requests.
3.Exchange of data messages and email, including
complaint submission and tracking.
4.ATM Location.

 Online banking:-
Online banking, also known as internet banking, web
banking or home banking, is an electronic payment
system that enables customers of a bank or other
financial institution to conduct a range of financial
transactions through the financial institution’s website.
The online banking system will typically connect to or be
part of the core banking system operated by a bank to
provide customers access to banking services in place of
traditional branch banking. Online banking significantly
reduces the banks’ operating cost by reducing reliance
on a branch network, and offers greater convenience to
customers in time saving in coming to a branch and the
convenience of being able to perform banking
transactions even when branches are closed. Internet
banking provides personal and corporate banking
services offering features such as viewing account

27
balances, obtaining statements, checking recent
transactions, transferring money between accounts, and
making payments.

Some banks operate as a “direct bank” (or “virtual

bank”), where they operate entirely via internet banking.

 Features of Internet banking:-

 Check the account statement online.
 Open a fixed deposit account.
 Pay utility bills such as water bill and electricity bill.
 Make merchant payments.
 Transfer funds.
 Order for a cheque book.
 Buy general insurance.
 Recharge prepaid mobile/DTH.

 Advantages of Internet banking:-

The advantages of internet banking are as follows:
 Availability: You can avail the banking services
round the clock throughout the year. Most of the
services offered are not time-restricted; you can
28
 check your account balance at any time and
transfer funds without having to wait for the bank
to open.
 Easy to Operate:Using the services offered by
online banking is simple and easy. Many find
transacting online a lot easier than visiting the
branch for the same.
 Convenience: You need not leave your chores
behind and go stand in a queue at the bank branch.
You can complete your transactions from wherever
you are. Pay utility bills, recurring deposit account
instalments, and others using online banking.
 Time Efficient: You can complete any transaction in
a matter of a few minutes via internet banking.
Funds can be transferred to any account within the
country or open a fixed deposit account within no
time on netbanking.
 Activity Tracking: When you make a transaction at
the bank branch, you will receive an
acknowledgement receipt. There are possibilities of
you losing it. In contrast, all the transactions you
perform on a bank’s internet banking portal will be
recorded. You can show this as proof of the
transaction if need be. Details such as the payee’s
name, bank account number, the amount paid, the
date and time of payment, and remarks if any will be
recorded as well.

29
  Disadvantages of
Internet/Online banking:-

The disadvantages of internet banking are as

follows:
 Internet Requirement: An uninterrupted internet
connection is a foremost requirement to use
internet banking services. If you do not have
access to the internet, you cannot make use of
any facilities offered online. Similarly, if the bank
servers are down due to any technical issues on
their part, you cannot access net banking services.
 Transaction Security: No matter how much
precautions banks take to provide a secure
network, online banking transactions are still
susceptible to hackers. Irrespective of the
advanced encryption methods used to keep user
data safe, there have been cases where the
transaction data is compromised. This may cause
a major threat such as using the data illegally for
the hacker’s benefit.
 Difficult for Beginners: There are people in India
who have been living lives far away from the web
of the internet. It might seem a whole new deal for
them to understand how internet banking works.

30
 Worse still, if there is nobody who can explain
them on how internet banking works and the
process flow of how to go about it. It will be very
difficult for inexperienced beginners to figure it out
for themselves.
 Securing Password: Every internet banking
account requires the password to be entered in
order to access the services. Therefore, the
password plays a key role in maintaining integrity.
If the password is revealed to others, they may
utilise the information to devise some fraud. Also,
the chosen password must comply with the rules
stated by the banks. Individuals must change the
password frequently to avoid password theft which
can be a hassle to remember by the account
holder himself.
 PhonePe:-
The PhonePe app is available in over 11 Indian
languages. Using PhonePe, users can send and
receive money, recharge mobile, DTH, data cards,
make utility payments, pay at shops, invest in tax
saving funds, liquid Funds, buy insurance and mutual
funds and gold. In addition PhonePe also allows

31
users to book  rides, pay for  tickets, and book flights
and hotels on  through the Switch platform
PhonePe is accepted as a payment option at over
17.5 million offline and online merchant outlets
across 500 cities in India covering food, travel,
groceries, medicines, movie tickets etc The app
crossed 100 million user mark in June 2018 and also
crossed 5 billion transactions in December 2019 It
currently has over 280 million users. The company
launched the PhonePe  in January 2020 The
PhonePe ATM allows neighbourhood  to dispense
cash in real-time to customers.
PhonePe is licensed by the  for issuance and
operation of a Semi Closed Prepaid Payment system
with Authorization Number: 75/2014 dated 22
August 2014.
 Google pay:-
Google Pay (stylized as G Pay; formerly Android Pay)
is a digital wallet platform and online payment
system developed by Google to power in-app, online,
and in-person contactless purchases on mobile
devices, enabling users to make payments with
Android phones, tablets, or watches. Users in the
32
United States and India can also use an iOS device,
albeit with limited functionality. In addition to this,
the service also supports passes such as coupons,
boarding passes, student ID cards, event tickets,
movie tickets, public transportation tickets, store
cards, and loyalty cards.
Google Pay takes advantage of physical
authentications such as fingerprint ID where
available. On devices without fingerprint ID, Google
Pay is activated with a passcode. When the user
makes a payment to a merchant, Google Pay does
not send the credit or debit card number with the
payment. Instead, it generates a virtual account
number representing the user’s account
information. This service keeps customer payment
information private, sending a one-time security
code instead of the card or user details.
 BHIM UPI:-
BHIM (Bharat Interface for Money) is
an Indian mobile payment App developed by
the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI),
based on the Unified Payments Interface (UPI).

33
Named after B. R. Ambedkar and launched on 30
December 2016, it is intended to facilitate e-
payments directly through banks and encourage
cashless transactions.The application supports all
Indian banks which use UPI, which is built over the
Immediate Payment Service (IMPS) infrastructure
and allows the user to instantly transfer money
between bank accounts of any two parties.It can be
used on all mobile devices.

34
 Objectives:-
1] To study about the factors that affects the customer’s
perception towards e-banking.
2] To know about the satisfaction level of customers
towards e-banking services.
3] To find out the major problems faced by customers
while using e-banking services.

35
 Finding:-
1] Advancement in technology have had a profound
effect on the delivery of financial services over the last
few decades- and the pace of change and level of impact
is continuously increasing.

2]Technology was first used as a means of reducing the

cost of many routine processes, through centralization
and automation. Now it provides a cost effective and
competitive solution of the delivery of products and
communication with customers.

36
 Suggestions:-
1] Expand market beyond traditional geographic market.
2] Override traditional marketing system into digital
marketing system.
3] Make human life convenient as a person can pay his
payment s online.
4] Increasing the cardholder base will bring challenges to
the bank.
5] Designing new products and services- managing
default rates and loyalty program etc.

37
 Conclusion:-
We can see the time is changing and we are now
accepting technology but there is still a lot of perceptual
blocking which hampers the growth of its normal
tendency of technology, that’s why the growth of
internet banking is very primitive in nature.
1] Banks should provide facilities as per RBI norms.
2] Banks should take proper steps to build their feedback
services.
3] Internet banking should be available at every branch
of every bank.
4] Cooperative banks should be cover under Core-
banking system.

38