Unit If: Acids and Bases Introduction to Acids and Bases Learning Objective: Id solutions a \ify the physical and chemical properties of acids and bi or neutral. Compare the Arthenius, Bransted-Lowry, and Lewis models of acids and bases. ert 1d Bases ae < Acids ne OW” Bases - Souv *aste ~ Baking Soda Can be found in Beers file este HEL Aydedone Aad Rodd Godiuen Wade H.S04 Sultwic Nei cate). cate yard Hips i Oe KOH Rotassinm Wipe Citic had Common examples | ¥ Hydettuone Rad) NH, avme cia HkOu ——Phinggrose Add Carborie Acid Neeric AG HCoHsO2 There are two primary models for acids and bases. The __Avvheuius model deals with the simplest of acids and the BrOnsted —— Anvory _ismore general. Weusually have tobe in qaneous solutions for either one Arrhenius Model Acids release _Mhydvoger'S ions when they are dissolved into water. Example: HCI) E+ Bases release _\pydvoxid@ ions when they are dissolved into water. Example: NaOH (3) Rat + OH While this model is true, chemists found that it didn’t cover all Bron: wry Mo Acids are_gyotpn —___dofatOV and bases are_yeoton —__aentocs Fxample: HRAag+HoW) «% HiO'* FO HEP is the acid, Ao Hy Avonuen Example: NHag) +H,00), > NWa OW NHhisthe base, HO isthe aid is the base‘ Unit 11: Acids and Ra Strengths of Acids and Bases Learning Objectives; Relate the ‘of an acid or base to its degree of ionization. Explain the relationship between the strengths of acids and bases and the values of thei ionization constants, Streng’ and Bases A strong acid/base is one thatis |” Strong acid/base | completely dissociated or ee completely ionized _. Weak acids/bases do not Weak acid/base | completely dissociate; less free \oos_, more molecules, We determine strength by looking at the equilibrium constant for the ionization (K.). For strong acids K,_>\_, for weak acids K, _&! For acid and base systems, the concentration of water is so large that it is considered constant for the equilibrium. [H,0]= 1. HIF (aq) + HO) H,O°(aq) + Frag) NaOH) © Nav(aq) + OF aq) [Holle] xc, - nat L041 LHF] £4.07 “[ Neon 7 Kis the acid ionization constant K, isthe base ionization constant ILI x Hag s=[ns 1 Lon’) ure water has some dissociation or ionization HOW H'Gq) FONG) Since the issociation is small, we expect the equilibrium to be favored to the _feackants, Forpure water, K, = 10"ooo e_——___ Unit 11; Acids and Bases lydrogen Lons and pu corning Objective: Explain pH and pOH, Relate pi and pOH to the ion produet constant for pls ale Power ri iterally stands for _Qyfeia__tydroger_” Ie stands fora mea ‘concentration in an aqueous solution, rent ofthe hydrogen _\gns. Batteries wingar Water Dekegert —_ sin Ceangy veonons, cotter Ieealvess (iene T RA 9-4-2 8-4-5 —6 7B 9-0 11 12 13-14 [wT We? Ww yeh ww EF roe wd wo" ro oS yo igeret alavey Weceaemee S, Secs o Lon" Jio™ 10" 6? io" 1G" wt WF wT OY 18 As" A" "28 =X pH=-tog{tt} pll+ pOH= 4 ar=& We wo Example 1: What isthe pH of 0.017 M solution of HCI? HCL sa strong acd 9M: -toy.ofH"T 2 Nog (0-013) = 1.07 Example2: Whats the pH ofa 1.50 M solution of KOH? KOH i a stong base. 70M = ag LOH] PHagold ~1u ne PAY Gori ay roe esa ing Example 3: What are [H(*] and [OH -]in a healthy person's blood that has a pH1 of 7.407 Assume that the temperatute of the blood is 298 K. gu ePow= vw Leja get -140 Pow? 660 =10 2 bowie AUnit 11: Acids and Bases Neutralization Learning Dbjectives: Explain how neutralization reactions are used in acidebase titrations. Reactions between Acids and Bases When acids and bases react, Sol and_ wate _are usually formed. 2HCI (ag) + Mg(OH); (aq) —> MgCl. (aq) + 24,0 (0) oid ease Wooten “etvation ___ is a method for detemnining the concentration ofa solution by reacting a known volume of that Solution with a Soliton of known concentration. Indicators such as phenolphthalein and thymol blue, are used to show the g _and_pbY1_ofa solution, They are weak acids that change into bold colors when a reaction takes place with their slightly ionized hydrogens. The point at which the color changes indicates the _equaiatence gait in which the [1'] =(OL1} ‘The equivalence point depends on whether you are titrating weak acids with strong bases or strong acids with weak bases, ‘The equivalence point will be found on the side that is__savonoer s 8 elune os ded ot VelunacfHClobdd ink) (oWeakacdttedthstrongtaie_(@)eakbose trated wih strong a Some acids have multiple equivalence points since they have multiple hydrogens attached. These are called —Raryoroic __acids. HPO, would be a _ AMPS acid since ithas 3 H’ that can be protonated; 4 protons ean be removed.