SAN ISIDRO COLLEGE

City of Malaybalay
Tel No. 088-813-5541
Website: sic.edu.ph
Webmail: info@sic.edu.ph

BA 103 Introduction to Business Operation Mr. Jiemarie D. Paderes

(Course Code) (Course Tittle) (Name of Instructor)

I. Learning Module 4 Leading and Controlling

(Topic)

II. Introduction
Greetings! Good morning, everyone! Praised be Jesus and Mary! Welcome to module. You
will find here our general instructional guidelines, then the components of our module. You
will be guided one step at a time through the specific instructions of the learning tasks given
below, which intend you to understand the Leading and Controlling. Let joy and peace abound
in your mind and heart as you genuinely and responsibly respond to the learning processes
that this module offers

III. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)

a. Discuss the nature of planning, organizing, and staffing.
b. Compare and contrast the different types of plans and organizational structure
IV. Stimulating Recall
a. What is Planning?
b. What is Organizing?
c. What is Staffing?

V. Presentation of the topic/learning material

Leading and Controlling
 Leading
 Directing
 Communication
 Controlling
 Definition and its nature
 The link between planning and controlling
 LEADING AND CONTROLLING

DIRECTING
Directing is a process in which the managers instruct, guide and oversee the
performance of the workers to achieve predetermined goals. Directing is said to be the
heart of management process. Planning, organizing, and staffing will be of less
importance if direction function does not take place well. Directing initiates action and it
is from here that actual work starts.
This function consists of human factors. Stated simply, it is the act of providing guidance
to workers doing their work. In the field of management, direction is said to be all those
activities which are designed to encourage the subordinates to work effectively and
efficiently. On the above context, directing is the function of guiding, inspiring,
overseeing and instructing people towards the accomplishment of organizational goals.
MOTIVATION
The function of directing will not be easy if the element of motivation will be taken out.
Motivation is the process of stimulating people to actions to accomplish the goals. A
word derived from the word 'motive' which means deeper reasons, needs, desires,
wants or drives within the individuals. In the work goal context, the psychological factors
stimulating the people's behavior can be:
 belongingness and team work
 desire for money
 job satisfaction
 recognition
 success
One of the most important functions of management is to create willingness among the
employees to perform in the best of their abilities. Therefore, the role of a leader is to
stimulate interest in the performance of employees in their jobs. The process of
motivation consists of three stages:
 A felt need or drive
 A stimulus in which needs have to be aroused
 Accomplishments and satisfaction of goals.

Therefore, we can say that motivation is a psychological phenomenon which means

needs and wants of the individuals have to be tackled by framing an encouragement
plan that will induce performance.

COMMUNICATION
Communication is a function which helps managers communicate with each other as
well as with employees within the organization. Communication helps in the transfer of
information from one party also called the sender to the other party called the receiver.
helps in the smooth flow of information among managers working towards a common
goal.
Communication is of the following two types:
Interpersonal Communication
Interpersonal communication generally takes place between two or more
individuals at the workplace.
Organizational Communication
Communication taking place at all levels in the organization refers to
organizational communication
Ways of Communication
A successful manager is one who communicates effectively with his subordinates. It is
really essential for managers to express their views clearly for the team members to
understand what exactly is expected out of them. Usually there are two ways managers
communicate among themselves and with their subordinates:
1. Verbal Communication
Communication done with the help of words is called verbal communication. No written
records are available in verbal communication. In verbal communication individuals
need to be very careful about their speech. What they speak and how they speak matter
a lot. Managers must choose the right words to address their team members. Make
sure you do not confuse your team members.
2. Written Communication
Communication is also done through emails, letters, manuals, notices and so on. Such
mode of communication where written records are available is often called written
communication. Managers must inculcate a practice of communicating through emails
with their juniors as it is the one of the most reliable modes of communication. It is
essential for the managers to master the art of writing emails. Avoid using capitals,
bright colors, designer font styles in official mails. Make sure your signatures are
correct.
3. Body Language
Managers must also take special care of their body language, facial expressions, and
gestures for effective communication. A manager who always has a frown on his face is
generally not liked and respected by people. Being a boss does not mean you need to
shout at people. Be warm and friendly with your team members.

DIRECTION OF COMMUNICATION FLOW

Downward Flow of Communication: Communication that flows from a higher
level in an organization to a lower level is a downward communication. In other
words, communication from superiors to subordinates in a chain of command is a
downward communication.
This communication flow is used by the managers to transmit work-related
information to the employees at lower levels. Employees require this information
for performing their jobs and for meeting the expectations of their managers.
Downward communication is used by the managers for the following purposes:
 Providing feedback on employees' performance
 Giving job instructions
  Providing a complete understanding of the employee's job as well
as to communicate to them how their job is related to other jobs in
the organization.
 Communicating the organization's mission and vision to the
employees.
 Highlighting the areas of attention.

Upward Flow of Communication - Communication that flows to a higher level

in an organization is called upward communication. It provides feedback on how
well the organization is functioning.
The subordinates use upward communication to convey their problems and
performances to their superiors. The subordinates also use upward
communication to tell how well they have understood the downward
communication. It can also be used by the employees to share their views and
ideas and to participate in the decision-making process.

Lateral/Horizontal Communication: Communication that takes place at the

same levels hierarchy in an organization is called lateral communication, i.e.
recognize communication between peers, between managers at same levels or
between any horizontally equivalent organizational member. The advantages of
horizontal communication are as follows:

 It is time saving.
 It facilitates coordination of the task.
 It facilitates cooperation among team members.
 It provides emotional and social assistance to the organizational
 members.
 It helps in solving various organizational problems.
 It is a means of information sharing.
 It can also be used for resolving conflicts of a department with other
department or conflicts within a department.

4. Diagonal Communication: Communication that takes place between a

manager and employees of other workgroups is called diagonal communication.
It generally does not appear on organizational chart.. For instance, to design a
training module a Training manager interacts with an Operations personnel to
inquire about the way they perform their task.
5. External Communication: Communication that takes place between a
manager and external groups such as suppliers, vendors, banks, financial
institutes, etc. For instance, to raise capital the Managing director would interact
with the Bank manager.
The main components of the communication process are as follows: 1. Context
Communication is affected by the context in which it takes place. This context
may be physical, social, chronological or cultural.
What is Controlling?
Controlling consists of verifying whether everything occurs in conformity with the plans
adopted, instructions issued and principles established. Controlling ensures that there is
effective and efficient utilization of organizational resources so as to achieve the
planned goals.
According to Brech, "Controlling is a systematic exercise, a process of checking actual
performance against the standards or plans with a view to ensuring adequate progress
and also recording such experience gained as a contribution to possible future needs."

THE LINK BETWEEN PLANNING AND CONTROLLING

"Planning is required at the very outset of management whereas control is required at
the last stages. If planning is looking ahead, control is looking back." Control and
planning are interrelated so closely that they cannot be separated from each other.
Without control all the planning is fruitless because control consists of the steps taken to
ensure that the performance of the organization conforms to the plans.
Importance of Controlling
1. Control system acts as an adjustment in organizational operations. It mainly checks
whether plans are being observed and suitable progress. towards the objectives is
being made or not, and if necessary, any action to control the deviations.
2. Policies and other planning elements set by the managers become the basis and
reason for control. Through control it is monitored whether the individuals adhere to
those frameworks or not so that the organization and management can verify the quality
of various policies.
3. Exercising some authority and forming superior-subordinate relationship throughout
the organization can be established through controlling.
4. With the presence of authority or control the individuals will work properly and exhibit
better performance to reach the targets set for them.
5. Control system ensures the organizational efficiency and effectiveness. When proper
system exists the organization effectively achieves its objectives.
VI. Assessment Tasks

Essay:

1. Discuss the leading/directing.

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2. Discuss controlling.
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Rubric for essay: /10

Identification of main issues or topics /1
Analysis /5
Solutions/ Answer to questions /2
Readings and Research /1
Spelling and grammar /1

VII. Other reading materials or sources

Messenger
Google Classroom
Google Meet
PowerPoint Presentation