SNAPTEST-

JURI
SPRUDENCE

BY:SONALITRI
PATHI

I
UU19BAL060

Q.
1.Expl
ain Henr
y Mai
ne’
s st
ages ofdev
elopmentofLaw and hi
s
obser
vat
ionsonst
ati
candpr
ogr
essi
vesoci
eti
es.

St
agesofDev
elopmentofl
awasperhenr
ymai
near
e:

(
i)Lawmadebyt
her
ulerunderdi
vi
nei
nspi
rat
ion:
-

I
nthebegi
nni
ng,t
hel
awwasmadebyt
hecommandoft
heki
ngbel
i
evedt
obeact
ing
undert
hedi
vi
nei
nspi
rat
ionofGoddessofj
ust
icewhowasabov
ethel
aw andwhose
commandsmustbeobey
edbyt
hei
nfer
ior
s.

(
ii
)Cust
omar
yLaw:
-

I
nthenextst
age,t
heof
fi
ceoft
heKi
ngorJudgewasi
nspi
redbyt
heheadsoft
he
counci
l
s.Pr
iestbecamear
eposi
tor
yofl
aw whi
chci
rcul
atedt
heKi
ng’
spowerand
cl
aimedt
hesol
emonopol
yofknowl
edge.Ther
efor
e,t
hepr
iestcl
asst
ri
edt
opr
eser
ve
t
hecust
omsofr
aceorcast
eint
act
.

(
ii
i)Knowl
edgeofl
awi
nthehandsofPr
iest
s:-

I
nthenextphaseoft
hedev
elopmentoft
hel
aw,
inor
dert
oimpl
ementandexecut
ethe
l
awi
nspi
redbyt
hePr
iestcl
ass,t
heKi
ng’
sri
ghtcl
aimedt
obel
ear
nedi
nlawaswel
las
i
nrel
i
gion.Thepr
iestcl
asscl
aimedt
hatt
heyr
emember
edt
her
ulesofcust
omar
ylaw
becauset
hear
tofwr
it
ingwasnotdev
elopedt
il
lthen.

(
iv)Codi
fi
cat
ion:
-
Thencomest
heer
aofcodi
fi
cat
ionmar
kst
hef
our
thandper
hapst
hef
inalst
ageof
dev
elopmentofl
aw.Wi
tht
hedi
scov
eryoft
hear
tofwr
it
ing,asect
ionofschol
arsand
j
uri
stscamef
orwar
dto condemnt
heaut
hor
it
yoft
hepr
iest
sasl
aw of
fi
cial
s.He
adv
ocat
edt
hecodi
fi
cat
ionoft
hel
awt
omakei
taccessi
bleandeasyt
oknow.I
tbr
oke
t
hemonopol
yoft
hePr
iestcl
assi
nmat
ter
sofadmi
nist
rat
ionofl
aw.

Accor
dingt
oHenr
yMai
nesoci
eti
esar
etwot
ypes;Pr
ogr
essi
veSoci
eti
esandSt
ati
c
Soci
eti
es.

Pr
ogr
essi
veSoci
eti
es:
-

Accor
ding t
o Henr
yMai
ne,t
hose soci
eti
eswhi
ch go bey
ond t
he f
our
th st
age as
dev
elopi
ngt
hei
rlaws,bynew met
hodsar
ecal
l
edpr
ogr
essi
vesoci
eti
es.
Progr
essi
ve
soci
eti
esdev
elopt
hei
rlawsbyt
het
hreemet
hodsnamel
y;LegalFi
cti
on,Equi
ty,and
Legi
slat
ion.

St
ati
cSoci
eti
es:
-

Accor
dingt
oMai
ne,whent
hepr
imi
ti
vel
aw hasbeenembodi
edi
nacode,t
her
eisan
endt
oit
sspont
aneousdev
elopmentandsuchcommuni
ti
esorsoci
eti
eswhi
chdonot
modi
fyi
ngorgobey
ondt
hef
our
thst
agear
ecal
l
edst
ati
csoci
eti
es.

Q.
2.Whatdoy
oumeanbyLegalPer
sonal
it
y?Di
scusst
hest
atusoft
he
f
oll
owi
ng:

a.LegalPer
sonal
it
yendswi
thdeat
h

b.Ani
mal
s

c.I
dol
sandFunds

d.Regi
ster
edCompani
es
Legalper
sonal
i
tyi
sanar
ti
fi
cialcr
eat
ionofl
aw.Ent
it
iesundert
hel
aw ar
ecapabl
eof
bei
ngpar
ti
est
oal
egalr
elat
ionshi
p.A nat
uralper
soni
sahumanbei
ngandl
egal
per
sonsar
ear
ti
fi
cialper
sons,
suchasacor
por
ati
on.Lawcr
eat
essuchcor
por
ati
onand
gi
vescer
tai
nlegal
right
sanddut
iesofahumanbei
ng.

Al
egalper
sonal
i
tyi
swhatpr
ovi
desaper
sonoror
gani
zat
ionr
ight
sandr
esponsi
bil
i
ties
byt
hel
aw.Usual
l
y,weaut
omat
ical
l
yassumet
hatHumanshav
eal
egalper
sonal
i
ty.
Thi
sissoassuchl
egal
syst
emsar
ebui
l
tfort
heuseofhumanbei
ngs.

(
a)LegalPer
sonal
it
yendswi
thdeat
h:Cer
tai
nri
ght
spr
otect
edaf
terdeat
h,t
her
ight
s
ar
egener
all
ycr
eat
edatbi
rt
handt
heyext
ingui
shatdeat
h.Butt
hel
aw,i
ncer
tai
n
mat
ter
s,r
ecogni
zesandpr
otect
sthedesi
resandi
nter
est
soft
hedeceased.Ther
ear
e
t
hreer
ight
sint
hisr
espect
,i.
e.,
aboutt
hedeceased.

Ther
ear
ethr
eer
ight
sint
hisr
espect
,i.
e.,

 aboutt
hedeceased'
sbody
,

 hi
sreput
ati
onand

 hi
sest
ate.

(
b)Ani
mal
s:Ani
mal
sar
enotper
sonsi
ntheey
eofl
aw andt
her
efor
e,t
heyar
enot
subj
ect
sofl
egalr
ight
sand dut
ies.I
n moder
nti
mes,no l
egalsy
stem r
ecogni
zes
ani
mal
sasper
sons.Ther
efor
e,t
heyhav
enor
ight
sandl
i
abi
l
iti
es.Anani
malcannotown
pr
oper
ty.

(
c)I
dol
sandf
unds:I
dol
wasconsi
der
edt
obej
uri
sti
cper
son.I
townedpr
oper
ty.I
tcoul
d
sueandcoul
dbesued.Af
unddedi
cat
edf
orar
eli
giouspur
posewasal
sooft
henat
ure
ofal
egalper
son.I
thadcer
tai
nri
ght
sandr
ecei
vedcer
tai
npr
otect
ionf
rom l
aw,
suchas
t
hepr
oper
tydedi
cat
edt
oamat
h.

(
d)Regi
ster
edCompani
es:Compani
esi
ncor
por
atedi
naccor
dancewi
tht
heI
ndi
an
Compani
esActar
ejur
ist
icper
sons.Ani
ncor
por
atedcompanyhasasepar
ateexi
stence
andt
hel
awr
ecogni
sesi
tast
hel
egal
per
sonsepar
ateanddi
sti
nctf
rom i
tsmember
s.
Thi
snew l
egalper
sonal
i
tyemer
gesf
rom t
hemomentofi
ncor
por
ati
onandf
rom t
hat
dat
etheper
sonssubscr
ibi
ngt
othememor
andum ofassoci
ati
onandot
herper
sons
j
oini
ngasmember
sar
eregar
dedasabodycor
por
ateoracor
por
ati
onaggr
egat
eand
t
hisnewper
sonbegi
nst
ofunct
ionasanent
it
y.