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Naps 2008 5307334
Naps 2008 5307334
simulation and experiments are performed to demonstrate the The induced stator voltage and the rotor voltage are related
frequency, voltage and power relationships between the rotor by
and the stator of the DFIG. Vr
Vs = a. (4)
Further, the sine source is replaced by a bridge inverter with s
sine PWM. A feedback control scheme - slip plus volts/Hz
control - is developed based on the voltage relationship. From the above equation, we can tell that the faster the shaft
The control scheme, which helps to maintain a constant- rotates, the higher will be the magnitude of the stator voltage.
magnitude, constant-frequency stator voltage is verified using The equivalent circuit of Fig. 3 can be simplified by moving
the simulation software PSIM [5]. XM to the stator terminal as in Fig. 4 [3]. Since the currents
The paper is organized as follows. Section II gives the char- in the rotor circuit and the stator circuit are the same from
acteristics of the DFIG under steady state. Section III presents Fig. 4, the stator power and the rotor injected power have the
the DFIG simulation and lab experiments using sine source following relationship after neglecting the power loss in the
injection. Section IV presents the slip and volts/Hz control stator and rotor:
scheme with sine PWM and verifies the control effectiveness. Vr
Section V concludes the paper. Pr /s = real( I ) ≈ real(Vs Is ) = Ps (5)
s r
where Pr is the power injected into the rotor which is also
II. D OUBLY F ED I NDUCTION G ENERATOR called the slip power [3].
C HARACTERISTICS
The per-phase steady state equivalent circuit model of a Rs Lls Llr Rr /s
DFIG is given in Fig. 3 [6].
Lm
rs
+ +
Ia s I' a r
Vas
j ( ωe / ωb ) x M V'a r/s
Fig. 4. The simplified steady state induction machine circuit representation.
Fig. 7. (a) Rotor voltage in volt (b) Stator voltage in volt and (c) Motor
speed in rpm.
A. PSIM Simulation
In PSIM, a typical wound-rotor induction machine with a Fig. 8. (a) Rotor voltage in volt (b) Stator voltage in volt and (c) Motor
synchronous speed of six poles and synchronous speed 1200 speed in rpm.
rpm is chosen as DFIG . The frequency of the rotor injection
voltage is set to 35 Hz and the rotor speed is set at 500 rpm.
Therefore, the corresponding speed of the rotor in Hz is
B. Physical Lab Tests
500
fm = 60 = 25Hz In the lab, we use a sine wave generator with adjustable
1200
voltage magnitude and frequency as the motor voltage source.
. With a 35 Hz injected voltage, the induced stator voltage In the test, we vary the speed of the DC motor and at the
should have a frequency same time vary the frequency of the injected rotor voltage.
fs = 35 + 25 = 60Hz The purpose is to get a constant 60 Hz frequency in the stator
circuit. Fig. 9 shows the stator voltage versus slip relationship
. which is expressed in Eqn. 4.
Fig. 7 shows the simulated waveforms of the injected In the DC motor-DFIG set, the power drawn by the DC mo-
voltage, stator voltage for phase A and the rotor speed and tor consists of the mechanical power loss and the mechanical
they confirm the frequency relationship. It is seen that the power transferred to the rotor of the DFIG. The mechanical
frequency of the stator voltage is 60 Hz. power loss is measured at various rotating speed when DC
To emulate the voltage injection at a negative frequency, the motor runs without any load (DFIG not excited). Fig. 10
phase sequence is reversed (ABC sequence is now changed to shows the mechanical power loss of the DC motor versus
4
Fig. 9. Stator voltage versus slip characteristic. Fig. 11. Mechanical power, slip power and stator power relationship.
120π
slip ang ( Vr )
ωm 1- ωm
V. C ONCLUSION
This paper presents the simulation and experimental test
showing the performance of a DFIG wind generation system.
The steady state voltage and frequency relationships of DFIG
are verified in PSIM and the physical lab. Further more, a
PWM based slip control scheme is proposed and tested in
the simulation software package. The control scheme helps to
maintain the frequency and magnitude of the stator voltage
constant.
R EFERENCES
[1] S. Muller, M. Deicke, and R. W. D. Doncker, “Doubly fed induction
generator systems for wind turbine,” IEEE Ind. Appl. Mag., pp. 26–33,
May/June 2002.
[2] J. Murphy and F. Turnbull, Power Electronics Control of AC Motors.
Pergamon Press, 1988.
[3] B. K. Bose, Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives. Prentice Hall,
2001.
[4] S. Yuvarajan, D. Yu, and S. Xu, “A novel power converter for photovoltaic
applications,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 135, no. 1-2, pp. 327–331,
Sep 2004.
[5] PSIM, A software by Powersim Technologies. Professional Version 6.05,
2004.
[6] P. Krause, Analysis of Electric Machinery. New York: McGraw-Hill,
1986.