ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

A Venturi meter, and a fan was used in the experiment with no other conditions set. The rpm was
different in the group 2 because the fan was starting to malfunction and heat up. The probable cause
was the long period of time that it was open. All data are almost the same except for group 2. Because
of the low rpm in group 2, there was a significant change in the coefficient of discharge.

CONCLUSION

A device called the Venturi Meter was used in the experiment in order to calculate the flow or
the rate of discharge in a closed pipe. Because of the experiment, the students became familiar with the
parts and the working principles of a Venturi Meter. The parts of a Venturi meter consist of: a short
converging part wherein the fluid gets converged inside, the throat which is located between the
converging and diverging part of the Venturi, and the diverging part wherein the fluid inside diverges.
The students have understood that when the fluid enters the throat, the pressure decreases, and the
velocity increases. It is because the diameter in the throat is small. In the experiment, the coefficient of
the discharge was determined. I have realized the use of Venturi Meters in the engineering practices.
Since it can measure the differential pressure with respect to time, it can calculate any engineering
parameters like velocity, speed, flow rate, etc. It can be widely used in industries involving pipelines.
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Four trials were tested on the U-tube Differential Manometer, with different conditions regarding the
height. The pressure on point A was same for all, but the pressure in point B was different due to a
leakage in that part. Different measurements were recorded because of that leak. The results were
ranging from 14400-17900, with a 3500 difference. The pressure difference was the one that needed to
be solved in this experiment, and the heights at different points were measured and recorded. The U-
tube differential manometer had three fluids inside: water, air, and mercury. With the specific weights
given for the fluids, the pressures at different points can be solved with the formula given in the first
page.

CONCLUSION
Pressure can be measured through different devices, and in this experiment, the device that was used is
the U-tube differential manometer. It has the same application as the U-tube manometer, but the one
being measured in the differential manometer is the pressure difference. In the experiment, the
pressure difference of points A and B has to be determined with the system being closed. The air was
neglected because the pressure that we can solve from there is small to be significant. Finding the
difference in pressure using the U-tube differential manometer is easy because the heights were the
only needed measurement. The results can be more precise if accurate measurements were provided by
the one doing the experiments.
 NEW ERA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
Department of Mechanical Engineering

INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL

ENGINEERING (L)

Laboratory Exercise No. 11

Determination of Coefficient of Discharge of a Venturi Meter

Name: Laguitan, Jeremy .. Date Performed: 01/07/17

Course/Year: BSME-IV Date Submitted: 04/08/17
Section: 4ME-B Instructor: Engr. Erwin T. Sta. Maria
 NEW ERA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
Department of Mechanical Engineering

INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL

ENGINEERING (L)

Laboratory Exercise No. 12

Determination of Flow Rate

Over a V-Notch Weir

Name: Laguitan, Jeremy .. Date Performed: 01/07/17

Course/Year: BSME-IV Date Submitted: 04/08/17
Section: 4ME-B Instructor: Engr. Erwin T. Sta. Maria
ANSWER TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
1. The gage pressure is the pressure that is measured above the atmospheric pressure, while the
absolute pressure is the pressure is measured above the vacuum pressure. An absolute pressure
compares the pressure to be measured with the pressure in the vacuum. The gage pressure
compares the pressure to be measured with the atmospheric pressure.
2. U-tube manometer- Pressure can be measured at a certain point with the use of the formula
P=pgh and the total of it.
U-tube differential manometer- The same as the U-tube manometer, but the one that is
measured is the pressure difference in two points
Bourdon pressure gage- Works by measuring the amount of change in the coil caused by the
pressurized fluid. Gears can be found inside the gage.
Aneroid- A sealed, air-tight box moves in a linear direction based on the air pressure and a set of
linkages is used to transmit the movement into the pointer. The spring is the one
responsible for the contraction and expansion.
Diaphragm - has a flexible membrane with two sides. One side is contained with air while the
other is for the fluid that is to be measured. The other side can be left open
for the air to measure.
3. Given:
SG(oil) = 0.85
P(air)= 65 kPa
h1 = .90m
h2=?
kN
γ (water) = 9.798
m3
Solution:
kN
γ (oil) = 0.85(9.798) = 8.3283 3
m
Pair + γoil(h1) = γoil(h2)
65 + 8.3283(.80) = 8.3283 (h2)
h2 = 8.6047 m
FINAL TABULATION OF DATA

N
SPECIFIC WEIGHTS HEIGHTS m N
TRIALS m3 PRESSURES
m2
γwater γair γmercury h1 h2 h3 Δh h4
1 9798 11.82 123332 .3 .308 .323 .147 .317 21014.057
2 9798 11.82 123332 .305 .30 .32 .15 .315 21442.746
.3073
3 9798 11.82 123332 .3175 .37131 .16383 .3175 22792.75
4
4 9798 11.82 123332 .35 .275 .325 .1675 .325 24090.55

Trial 1:

Pa = γwater(h1) - γair(h2) + γwater(h3) - γmercury(Δh) - γwater(h4)

= 9798(.3) + 11.82(.308) -9798(.323) + 123332(.147) + 9798(.317)

N
Pa = 21014.057 2
m

Trial 2:

Pa = γwater(h1) - γair(h2) + γwater(h3) - γmercury(Δh) - γwater(h4)

= 9798(.305) + 11.82(.30) -9798(.32) + 123332(.15) + 9798(.315)
N
Pa = 21442.746
m2
Trial 3:

Pa = γwater(h1) - γair(h2) + γwater(h3) - γmercury(Δh) - γwater(h4)

= 9798(.3175) + 11.82(.30734) -9798(.37131) + 123332(.16383) + 9798(.3175)
N
Pa = 22792.75 2
m

Trial 4:

Pa = γwater(h1) - γair(h2) + γwater(h3) - γmercury(Δh) - γwater(h4)

= 9798(.35) + 11.82(.275) -9798(.325) + 123332(.1675) + 9798(.325)
 N
Pa = 24090.55 2
m

FINAL TABULATION OF DATA

SPECIFIC WEIGHTS
TRIAL N HEIGHTS m N
3 PRESSURES 2
S m m
γwater γair γmercury h1 h2 h3 Δh h4
1 9798 11.82 123332 .2875 .32 .3182 .104 .118 14469.65
2 9798 11.82 123332 .285 .32 .315 .10 .025 14831.69
3 9798 11.82 123332 .28856 .32004 .31242 .12192 .07366 17077.365
4 9798 11.82 123332 .33 .325 .325 .1275 .11 17880.39

Trial 1:
∆ P = γ water(h1) - γ water(h2) + γmercury(∆ h) + γ water(h3) - γ water(h4)
= 9798(.2875) – 9798(.32) + 123,332(.104) + 9798(.3182) –
9798(.118)
N
= 14469.65 2
Trial 2: m

Trial 3:

∆ P = γ water(h1) - γ water(h2) + γmercury(∆ h) + γ water(h3) - γ water(h4)

= 9798(.28956) – 9798(.32004) + 123,332(.12192) + 9798(.31242)
– 9798(.07366)
N
Trial 4: = 17077.365 2
m
∆ P = γ water(h1) - γ water(h2) + γmercury(∆ h) + γ water(h3) - γ water(h4)
= 9798(.33) – 9798(.325) + 123,332(.1275) + 9798(.325) –
9798(.11)
N
= 17880.39 2
m