Anatomy & Physiology - Laboratory

STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEET BS NURSING / FIRST YEAR

Session # 36

LESSON TITLE: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (Part 1) Materials:

Pen and notebook
LEARNING TARGETS:

Upon completion of this lesson, you can:

1. Describe the major organs of the respiratory system;
2. Locate respiratory structures on a chart or model;
3. Trace the movement of air through the respiratory tract;
and,
4. State the function of the respiratory system.
Reference:
VanPutte, C., Regan, J., & Russo, A. (2019).
Seeley’s essentials of anatomy & physiology (10th
ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

LESSON PREVIEW/ REVIEW

Modified True or False: Write TRUE if the statement is valid and FALSE if otherwise. If the statement is FALSE, underline
the word(s) that make it wrong and write the correct word on top of the underlined incorrect word.

1. ________ Your body cannot make antibodies for pathogens that you have never been in contact with.

2. ________ The resistance to specific pathogens, or disease-causing agents is called antibodies.

3. ________ Vaccines are important because they cause a stronger and slower primary response.

4. ________ Red Blood Cells are responsible for fighting diseases.

5. ________ A condition in which the body turns against itself and mistakenly attacks normal cells is called

autoimmune disease.

6. ________ Allergy is the body's hypersensitive response to an outside substance that is otherwise harmless.

7. ________ Erythrocytes is the 'liquid' portion of blood.

8. ________ Virus a type of pathogen that can be treated by antibiotics.

9. ________ Immunity conferred to a breastfeeding infant by his mother is a passive immunity.

10. ________ Lymph nodes produce nutrients.

MAIN LESSON
You will study and read their book, if available, about this lesson.

Respiratory System
- It is the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe.
- It includes your airways, lungs, and blood vessels.
- The muscles that power your lungs are also part of the respiratory system. These parts work together to move oxygen
throughout the body and clean out waste gases like carbon dioxide.

What does the respiratory system do?

The respiratory system has many functions. Besides helping you inhale (breathe in) and exhale (breathe out), it:
● Allows you to talk and to smell.
● Brings air to body temperature and moisturizes it to the humidity level your body needs.

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 ● Delivers oxygen to the cells in your body.
● Removes waste gases, including carbon dioxide, from the body when you exhale.
● Protects your airways from harmful substances and irritants.

What are the parts of the respiratory system?

❖ The respiratory system has many different parts that work together to help you breathe. Each group of parts has
many separate components.
❖ Your airways deliver air to your lungs. Your airways are a complicated system that includes your:
● Mouth and nose: Openings that pull air from outside your body into your respiratory system.
● Sinuses: Hollow areas between the bones in your head that help regulate the temperature and humidity
of the air you inhale.
● Pharynx (throat): Tube that delivers air from your mouth and nose to the trachea (windpipe).
● Trachea: Passage connecting your throat and lungs.
● Bronchial tubes: Tubes at the bottom of your windpipe that connect into each lung.
● Lungs: Two organs that remove oxygen from the air and pass it into your blood.

❖ From your lungs, your bloodstream delivers oxygen to all your organs and other tissues.
❖ Muscles and bones help move the air you inhale into and out of your lungs. Some of the bones and muscles in the
respiratory system include your:
● Diaphragm: Muscle that helps your lungs pull in air and push it out
● Ribs: Bones that surround and protect your lungs and heart
❖ When you breathe out, your blood carries carbon dioxide and other waste out of the body. Other components that
work with the lungs and blood vessels include:
● Alveoli: Tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.
● Bronchioles: Small branches of the bronchial tubes that lead to the alveoli.
● Capillaries: Blood vessels in the alveoli walls that move oxygen and carbon dioxide.
● Lung lobes: Sections of the lungs – three lobes in the right lung and two in the left lung.
● Pleura: Thin sacs that surround each lung lobe and separate your lungs from the chest wall.
❖ Some of the other components of your respiratory system include:
● Cilia: Tiny hairs that move in a wave-like motion to filter dust and other irritants out of your airways.
● Epiglottis: Tissue flap at the entrance to the trachea that closes when you swallow to keep food and
liquids out of your airway.
● Larynx (voice box): Hollow organ that allows you to talk and make sounds when air moves in and out.

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

You will answer and rationalize this by yourself. This will be recorded as your quiz. One (1) point will be given to the
correct answer and another one (1) point for the correct ratio. Superimpositions or erasures in your answer/ratio is not
allowed.

1. Which of the following is a function of the respiratory system?

a. gas exchange c. absorption of nutrients
b. transport of oxygen d. structural support
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. The trachea leads to the:

a. Bronchioles c. bronchi
b. Esophagus d. pulmonary vessel
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Oxygen from the air enters the blood stream at what location?
a. cardiac notch c. pulmonary vein
b. alveoli d. paranasal sinuses
ANSWER: ________

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RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. When the diaphragm contracts (is pulled downward), _______ occurs.

a. Inhalation c. exhalation
b. a hiccup d. the lungs deflate
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. What divides the left and right side of the nasal cavity?
a. Septum c. conchae
b. Pharynx d. sinus
ANSWER: ________
RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

RATIONALIZATION ACTIVITY
The instructor will now provide you the rationalization to these questions. You can now ask questions and debate among
yourselves. Write the correct answer and correct/additional ratio in the space provided.

1. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:________________________________________________________________________________________
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2. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:________________________________________________________________________________________
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3. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:________________________________________________________________________________________
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4. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:________________________________________________________________________________________
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5. ANSWER: ________
RATIO:________________________________________________________________________________________
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LESSON WRAP-UP

You will now mark (encircle) the session you have finished today in the tracker below. This is simply a visual to help you
track how much work you have accomplished and how much work there is left to do.

You are done with the session! Let’s track your progress.

AL Activity: CAT 3-2-1

This strategy provides a structure for you to record your own comprehension and summarize your learning.

Three things you learned:

1. _______________________________________________________________________________________

2. _______________________________________________________________________________________

3. _______________________________________________________________________________________

Two things that you’d like to learn more about:

1. ________________________________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________________________________

One question you still have:

1. ________________________________________________________________________________________

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