BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MARINE

TRANSPORTAION
COURSE MANUAL IN SEAM 6 (ADVANCE TRIM,
STABILITY AND STRESS)
DCSP-ACA-MT-CM-103

COURSE MODULE

STUDENT’S COPY
Module Title CALCULATION OF AREAS AND VOLUME

Module Number NO. 1

Competence A-II/2 F3.C1: CONTROL TRIM, STABILITY AND STRESS

CO1: Explain the importance of maintaining stability during loading,

unloading and in-transit in various conditions.
Course Outcome CO2: Calculate the effect on trim and stability of a ship in the event of
damage to and consequent flooding of compartment and countermeasures
to be taken.
A-II/2 F3.C1.KUP1: Understanding of fundamental principles of ship
construction and the theories an factors affecting trim and stability and
measures necessary to preserve trim and stability.
A-II/2 F3.C1.KUP2: Knowledge of the effect on trim and stability of a ship in
KUP
the event of damage to and consequent flooding of a compartment and
countermeasures to be taken.
A-II/2 F3.C1.KUP3: Knowledge of IMO recommendations concerning ship
stability.
2. Discuss the trapezoidal rule for the are under a curve in terms of the
number of ordinates, the interval and the ordinate value.
Learning Outcomes
2.1 Use of trapezoidal rule to calculate the area under a curve defined by
given ordinates.
References

https://byjus.com/maths/trapezoidal-rule/
Essential Readings
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapezoidal_rule
Additional
Multimedia presentation
Readings/Videos

Module Content

Introduction:

Trapezoid Rule is a form of Riemann’s Summs, but it uses trapezoids not

rectangles. Also, the explains why integration works, integration takes the limit
as number.
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 Discussion:

TRAPEZOIDAL RULE:
In mathematics and more specifically in numerical analysis, the trapezoidal rule
is a technique for approximating the definite integral.

The trapezoidal rule works by approximating the region under the graph of the
function f(x) as a trapezoid and calculating its area. It follows that

The trapezoidal rule may be viewed as the result obtained by averaging the left
and right Riemann sums, And is sometimes defined this way. The integral can
be seen better approximated by partitioning the Integration interval, applying
the trapezoidal rule to each subinterval and summing the results. In practice,
this ‘’chained’’ (or ‘’composite’’) trapezoidal rule is usually what is meant by
‘’integrating with the trapezoidal rule.’’

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 How to calculate for x : x = b – a / n ; where a = 0 and b = 8

x=8–0/4=2

Remember: n is always given.

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