CHPABOUHNK MHOKEHEPA Wixenepuan Mexannka Msuarenscrso ACB Mocxea 2003 r.‘Avepurareoe ofuecrnewxesepon MexaHNOR “Tree Park Avenue, New York. NY T0016 Buanorcea KourpeceaeearuacrpanownolTepaTYPEL Capanoanme weeuepa - Hicxeepnas wexanit Morrutoc Kaupbopa -M.: Haa-so ACB, 2003 - 280 ¢, ¢ waa. ISONO-79IE 0155-1 [Sarononox Ts 157. M392 2001 ied) Tepesoasaaana cnpanoica “ASME ENGINEER’ rept any Gann armor a airievow sue 8 2001 €, Anny € cortacus vouaenictna ASME Press. ‘ce spans saonena, Hanae pacnpoeepaete sarepratos¥9 WACO ‘uel anu» ood opt wen npr noon Meu eae, Hak Pa renew anemponol Ge sans Ges mess pape wae peutevo ut perynipyeterSuonon a6 aeropevoa npaee CUA or 1976 rons Bouaepnsa Wa sutseysouanyroro Saxon "Ofwecmen ne Gin neem sememecwioome i magnesia. dtm yonecnod ‘to hopue mavoce pods menace (B73 Hiugopmauns, corepxaniazes 8 nacTonuielt paore, naayena AMe- DiaweRiNs OGuIeCTBOM NHEKvIEOG-MeXAHINKOR 12 HETONHNKDR, 8° enymaoun aovepiit. Onan, se ASME, nit aTopi, HBQ8- Temerso He rapanTypyior ToAwOETS ism naAHOTY JHO60R HHpopMa- tt, npencranenvot wacrorwet kite. Hit ASME, wt aropla He ecyT oTaerersennocrH 1a moSule AoAyueNrle OLNEKK, onearEt sossonceul yutepO oT wentontsosania npeacTasnentol mibop- yGrimkauws paGorst nospaayseeser, wro ASME, asTopa samaTent ‘eo pacnpocrpauaior mifpopmauito, no He eTaIOTeNoxasuRaTe wh -renepiie HH apyrue yeayru. Eerie nOxOSHBE MeHepHIe HH Inpovjeccnonanensie yenyrn yxy socTpeSosants, TO OyteT onssana ‘RowOuLS 8 noHCKE cooTBETETEyIOUIN enewHATOR. Jae nonysenn prgetenn nn oroTOUIe GoTORNM BAK auyTpEHHETO ta msoro wenestbonain » weak, We naaaioube Hoa aecteve Sak Sropsio pane, exeryer oSpatice » Konupoesani Paspehreniu Uewtp (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel 978750850, we Copyripi com. © Hyon pexaetop apo, AB, opomancet {© Mepenon na psc sux apg. A.B. JoGpoe6nbcx 203 Beedenue Poat, rexumueckux cranaapros. Kaxyio pom Hrpaior TexHiNeckHe craNagpTE 8 MOKEHEpHOfI exanune? Crasnaprat, Kak COCTaBHAR MaCTE HHDKEHEPHOFO Je 1a, woaecrist 8 CHIA co ppewen awa npoMuutenNoro npo- veagoaersa, xa OWN Guinn BocTpeGoaaHs! ANA peuleMa mpoGne- bt puinycka NexavecraenHoft npoayxuim. B'Te tateKie wpeme- a ok enocoBcreoBanH pacuispenito aocryniNocTH (j cHIE- io ues) aewesrrapnoax vanes Ms wyryna H cra. Uro wawennocs © Tex nop? Cranaapris cra pacnpoctpa- werkt 90 aceM stipe, Gartee ILM MeHe® HesABHCHMO, HO BCE & ‘ORWNAKOBLIMMH LenAMIE_YCTAKOBNENIIR TEXHUMECKIX IaKOHOS H pactuvecka orpannvennii, Tyrit wx pansients HeMHoro pas ALIHE) B 2AB/CHMOCTH GT TOUR ApeNTHR Ha TEKHHECKHE pO Grew, +10 camo no ceGe ne TaK yA rLTOKO ~ TexHHeCKI MP Goin Gu Merce wsTepecen, ecu Ox: KURT CMOTPEN Ha HELL aGcomorHo oniieRa0. Bueaeue crawiaproo cTao xopouelt ‘patil, weeMOTpA Ha TO, ¥TO caMit cTuNApTEL MOF Me- uurrics. Hx ronoxenita anpoOHpyiarcs H nposepaloTes H OH nenomaytores: no ACeX chesTpax HiExeHepHO! ReATEBOCTH OT ‘npoekruponaiiis H HBFOTORACHN 0 HeMBITaHN W axCHLayaTa- uu, Kpowe toro, 8 CLUA cranaaprs oxastisaior mnie Ha KOM Mepecxyio aenrentuocTs owmanitl.B racromtee epews crate aaproi yipaanenia kavecroo QS-9000 1 ISO 9000 rpaxtiec- Jat noscemecTHO mpisHaioTex Kak OGpasubt rapaeTHit xavecTEA Bee Gonmive H Gamhune Kownanult 6 CLUA npoxoasr cepripiKa- unio ~ reviews, KoTOpaR Moar TONED yay'MT, NpaKTHKY LYipaReH HIEKEHEPRIM e10M BO BEM MHIP ‘Texummieckne cranaaprar ssaaiorca O6pasuoM TextUtHECKOTO ‘coorHercTaH Bo BCeX OGIACTAX. OHM OKABLIBAIOT BIHAMHE GyK= ATAHO Hea KEKOE TEXHUNECKDE HaTeTHE OT HedyTenposMANbIX ‘py6 ao kanyenspexin ckpenox. Caeayer saweri, ro ¢rpax- Tivvecxoli Tox 3peHna, Ges crawtapros mpoextuponaaite "npowseoxerao szoxe eaxtoro npocToro stain KK pas Tp xOnILTOCE Ob! HaNMATE c HexOAHOM TONKAPasden 1 Octopet Maremarukn jas mirxenepon Horapndynus loyja=1 tog,1=0 log, MY log, M+ logy N y= M828 jog, p* =W BN aN og, 6 logs, Koaaparuste ypasuenus Suu aur KasaparHoro ypanHeH ax2+he+e=0, re a b Pemenne: Tpurouomerpuyeckue pymicunn sina=2 cosa = Puc. I-11 ' a wana =2 con ; | \ 5 rs Benoa sumevamusu dra wrcenepra Yuan Gynec sueHeaT er Npaapainia, a xOFopoM OME pacacnormcne 3uayenus rpuronomerpuyeckux dy MekoLopbax yron we wR o 1 Ge 2 2 0 wm 0 32 oo = 1 f3 0 we 1 NSIS ° \ 2 2 @=1 seca tan? a=enne ____Hiwverpan Jar(s)=/@)+¢ As ()dx= f(x)dx f (sxe af r(s)ax ome) Pasden 2 Eannnuss #smepennit 241 Tpeseeknit apanir 18 CWIA Tpeecxnii arian wpoxe npunenseren 223 060- amasenhn Tesnnecki venvnn (ra6s. 2.1). Kexuas 6yxa Mower nwers paxnrsnnsi emien, BaeBNeHMOCTH OF KOHRTERE- 1a, 8 oropos ona enomsayerce. TaGanua 2.1 Tpevecrait Cbomarenue Haseawue Hpomicnue Cmpownse ‘aia Gera aenwra aera panGna 0 0 Ken omnKpOH po ray ou XH DexOx-OrNmo a>! lee HOCH ADH OMEE NR OENH OER8 Cpa wixenepa 2.2 Cuerentes eam B CULN a octtoavow senonayeren enerewa ean USCS OSuKwoReHiaR cnereva Coeanmennns unatoa. B iteworopeiy ‘ctpaviax Epon nce enue wonsiyroren enctesor MKS, xorw one _ye Hlowcesrectno nurrectiHe rex Mey HaporWoii cuctewoll SI 2.2.1 Cuemema USCS 3 npetesavt CUA sty exeremy sacro natsnaioY enlereNof “nlofin-dyhr”. Ochioniite canta Jona YT (= 12 sola (in) Macca aeyn ebks (Ib) Bpews: cenyuaa (s) Tevnepatypa: _rpaiye @apenrefira (F) 2.2.2 Cucmema SI Mpenmywecrso evetewsi SI 8 ee evasannoctn. Cyutecraywor METMIPE MeXAMHMECKHEN 11 AWE IICKTPHSIECKHN OCHOBHBIX ete~ HitiGl, 1 NoTOpHIX Nowysent Bee APyrHE MeXalmNecKIHE Oss Howie eau aww erp (m) facca kiorpaw (ke) Bpews: ccexyna (8) ‘Tesneparypa: — rpaaye Keabsuita (K) vn au rpaaye Lensens (C) suuenepenonensun npg, Hworon tN) oupereency it mupaxenia N= Kem Hopuanitue wookponeere ASTM-E380, ° 2.2. Mpuemaexu dn oGpasoeanus xpamunc u @onsntix edunui ax npaneno wenctewe SI npncrsaen npucoeaimoten Hae Sco room pra mcoesnaesek panty 26 sto ane sheen Hi AY, Pavia), BpeMeHH (CeKyuas’) HAH Temnicpary pH (Fpa- Aycut Hentcita wom Ke-reeitna), aaa Edunayur wouepon 9 Fipucrasxn exeayer suiGpare Taxi oGpaxoy, 125% vite euuiog aHavenne eaMMMUBL AeKAIO B AHAnASOHE OF Os! AO 1000 (ra6:. 2.2). veanpuwep: 28 KN ecto 2,810! N nim sweet 0.00128 m 9.3 kPa avecto $300 Pa TaGamua 2.2 Mpnerans w enterewe St Mactmats pasmap Ue Oa 090 GH UOT BNE OS WADI hora 7000000090600 000000 000"10" Sera Z 010 9610 (00 0 00:1" kena vo00 000 G20 G00 GG0- 1 fern "000 090000009210" Sepa veow oODgOO=IL! aS ooo oo =" wera M 1000-108 no 100-10? rexro. h Toi! ea de ainio! jem 8 oot=t0" conse 000-10? sam conn ooi-t9° Spot 6000000001109 “tan 4000 000000 001-10" ime 9900 000.090 000 80L=30'= gene 000 080 000 000 005-10: “aryw 8 900 000 000.000 000 000101102! 3enro 1.000000 90000 000.000000004=10°* inca 2.3 Hepenoa exmnunt wamepenns Enuniiiss wavepens aero mprxomites nepenoat:re, B aToM ae, Hanonce GerouINSounsis cHocoHoM RuAReTEA HC hhonsaonaiie ypaatien Hanpunep, rpe6yerea nepeseern 600 dynros (Ib) # mitno- pawns (ky). Henoatayent aanntcisiocts Tkg=2,2051b, ‘Fodanus sHawenarenst kg 2,205Ib x 600110 Cnpacoin wonanes Ws ypaenenia nalizew x: 6001 2,205 ‘Taxus o6pasow, 60015272, Ike. can suwcennn npowsountes # npeaaoxentioit Gopae, 10 >¥o nloworaer wsGerars oUINGOS, ocoBeNHO 8 TeX enysasK, Korma Henonbayiores GossuiMe 4iesa Win HeeKOnBK nO- ‘enoBaresubix aroe nepewona, 2.3.1 Cuna 3a eammmuy cnani n cucreme USCS npmnrra gynm-cura (Ib) Cneayer sawevirs, #70 dyHT eule uMeet BTopolt cuca este ns acess (TaGn 2:3), ‘FaGanua 2.3 Cuna (F) =272 Bouma TB gh gf yr (oH 1 aSx6 04856 4448 Urpaww-ciza (gf) 2,205x10° 10,001. 9,807x10" " ownorpassecinia (kgf) 2208 1090 19,807 _L Husoron (N) 02248 1020 0,1020_"1 CChenyer sametir To nce eaHnitin, npecTanncnnie 8 Fa6- nue, 22 neKmoyenew HisoToua (N), saamorce Becostinit SKBHBAEHTAMM waCeE:, TABHERUUIN OF yeKOPeHtHR cBOGOR Noro niasewns (g). 3a eauniuy chins 8 encteme SI-npiisT Hototon (N), pasiuil | kgmis 2.3.2 Bec Bec tena aro Mepa rpasitraunonnioro npurraxentn x Sew Tlockonuxy npurmxenne ects cia, To Bec Texa KOppeRTHO Burpaoxart 8 yitrax cums (Ibf). CMorpi pte, 2.1 Ter Puc, 2-1, oan Eoumsan uowopenud u Macca wamepaerea w Qywrax maces (ebi) Han npocro (Ib), ‘Cima (bt) = acca (ebm) x x (1032), Hiaw, w cuereme ST: Caria (N) = staeca (kg) x g (m/s) | awepixauckaa Towa = 2000 dyiram = 907.2 kiwnorpasenane | Metpieckas row = 1000 kimorpammas = 2205 qynram 2.3.3 NnomHocme: HotHocrs, sro Macca eauumunoro oGyewa. CooTomenne cai apnnereno a rai. 2.4, Taoriocrs (p) a 271 tga gen Ter va nyGwsecen ag 2.610" 2768 Lovin na nyGwrecm soenigt 1 1602 1.602107 or mn ” Torn it 964 5 15439" 62438 non {sonra o13KI0" 62450107 1 UT rpas na ys 2.3.4 aenenue Ochonuar emmniua pyuT cH Ha KBagpaTHAI sHOMM (Qbfiin?) wan “psi 1 Pa= 1 Nim? 1 Pa = 1,45038%10-4 bin? Ha npacruxe, 8 amncimoctH or o6zacru npuMenenus, aapnenwe WoMepseTes B Merarackansx @ cHcteme SI, e Gapax, armocibepax, Toppax wit Buicorax cton6o8 aAKOCTH. CMO- ‘pa pu. 2.2, 2.3 w ra6n. 2.5. seis? 6243 1000 Sia nee 8 /22} Pm. 2-2 ‘ea a9 Haru | feanan pen 2070 oe THEE wnepn ‘roma 08 were. tee 3200 yee (36 Tremor!Ta6anua 2.5. lanaenne (p) aun woueponud Cosson mononepa 13 = Puc. 2-3 ys ~ Sip80 ——Caigso3 Sje Beg - 8 « fans 24 . xasoned ga a - 3 fx tor ge 5 $00 a BF : sy - = = & dip KZ So eI Howepenne aansenun » ronan maven g i wos = 25,6 witnuaterpaye non = 249,089 Pa 3 1 avi pry = 13,59 soli sons =3385,12 Pa = 33,85 ssnnanGapas z 1 wnaanserp pryt = 13,59 wnaanerpam woast = = 13,3224 Pe sunmieGapane 3 Vaan 50665 Pa & 1 ropp = 133.3224 Pa 2 Jus nepesona euas Aassenii, WaMepaeMisx 8 cron6ax 5 aevavoeTa, | aon = 254 wn14 Cnpasoian: woo 2.3.5 Temnepamypa Ocsonuas exmmiua Tewneparypat ~ rparye Papenrelira (F), B cucreme SI ~ rpaaye Kessna (K). HanGonee pacnpocrpa- Menuan eanamua ~ rpaaye Llenbcu™ (°C). 3a aGeonioritilt Hons npwiaTa Hyneeax Tewnepatypa no kare Kenspna sun 273,15 °C, np koropoM o6 em Heat Noro rasa paveH Hyni0. CMOTpH uc. 2.4 1 2.5. $5065 -F ne 22s nase orc ioe 2.3.6 Tennoma u pa6oma Genoa eanua rensoso swept wn ~ Bpiraneas renn0- sa exmnita (Bu) ‘Yaeninan Tetouan aueprissanepaercs » Bub [a ewere- ve Sl macyanx ia wittorpaw (kg) 1 kg = 0,429923x103 Brullb 1 raGn, 2.6 npencrannensi cootHotema Hexoropar exmnn Yaeninan Tensoeunocre wonepreren m Bpirancns Teno- sax anna va dyirerpaaye apetrelra(BUBF) wan 9 or ewe SI» bxayans na xnnorpanne-rpaaye Keasania (Vek). 1 Bulb = 186,798 kek | kak = 0.238846«10" Brulb °F I kcal/kgK = 4186,8 J/kgK Tensoaofinorox wowepacres BpraneKin TenOR60x ear wax Ha 4ac (Blwh) um 8 cHeteme Sle Bartax (W). 1 Buh = 0,07 cals = 0,293 W LW = 3641214 Brush = 0.238846 cal’ Puc. 2-5 eum wowspenud ee ED e8e bey ¢5x1 4187 1 8.601% 6: Teh 1 1359«10" 3725e10 Lat g fet 3,087 0.73% 2,655x10° Bin 1,285%10° 2545 3,968x10 SABI 3413 by ioxovm, (3) 1 kivtonar (KW-h) 1 xatopus (cal) Ldyrpyirr (Btu) Edun vawepenud v 2.3.7 Mowocms ‘OGmruHo Henonaytorex Bprrrancxas tenvionas ennkiua 8 ac (Btu/h) wan aowannnas cia (hp), 8 cnctewe SI — xnnOBaTT (kW). Cworpurta6s. 2.7 u pc. 2.6. 2.3.8 lomox 3a ochonyto eauumuy oGxewHoro noroKa 8 CLA npansr annon @ anyry (B cwcreMe SI — aurp 8 MitHyTY). 1 amepuxancxuil rannon = 4 xnapran = 128 awepnxaniexnn ‘xvaxocTubist yuan = 231 KyGHNecKOMY AVOliMy. 1 aMepmxancxnit raion = 1,2 arnnlicxoro ransona = 3,78833 aurrpas (em. pic. 2.7. avepiteanickwtirannon 8 wthayry = 6,31401%10-5 ryGwe- ‘xu MeTpaM B cexy tty = 0,273 KYGHNeCKHM METpAN B HOC. 1 xyOnuecknit merp w cexyuay = 1000 nutpaM B cexyHay. 1 averp 8 cexysay = 2,12 xyGuseckum ytaM MARY.‘Tasnnua 2.7 Momoers (P) Eos vawopend i Copavown woven. 2.3.9 Kpymauyuid Momenm > y one OcnosHow eammteh xpyrauero mowenTa munmcteR yt 2 zm 882 - ‘dyver-cina (ft Ibf), 8 cncreme SI ~ Hioror-merp (Nm). Eure & 2 28 55 berpesacren nasnavve “woweitr cum” (ew. pt. 28) = . Toye dyicana = 1357 Huorow merpos Hs »,.? { lmorpesveanawerp = 981 Husono xy RF - 882 is} = E -& 28g 2.3.10 Mexanuyeckoe Hanpamenue S| =| Mexanieckoe tanpaxenie usMepaerca & yirax na Keaz- }| _ 4 paTHult aioli (Ib/in2) ~ raxoxe Kax aannennte (em. pre. 2.9), |e e288 NechoTpa Ha To, 70 9To paste gusaccene nena! B je] & - g8 4 Z| ccucreme SI 3a eannmuy npwinar Mackaas (Pa). S| £ Ace ok Hockonbxy | Tlacka asneros 1isToxKHo Manofi Bemnit= “ HOH, TO MeXaHHYecKoe HaNpAKeHWE OGBINHO HIMEpAETCR B = es 23 aeg seranacxan (MPS). 3 - §€§ SR 223 \~ Puc, 2-9 nowy z e "ot . 18 .2, 2 dus, HE 2 i ae 2257 2358 25 2 sdegaeegl some LE easel eeale=s- eo20 Crpasowie moxenepa 1 dywr wa xeanparunt suolia = 6895 Pa 1 weranackans = 1 MNim? = 1 N/mm? | natnorpano cunt Ha xoanpaTHsli MiuanMMeTp = 9,80665 MPa 2.3.11 unetinas cropocme Ochosnaa enuinua — pyr @ coxynay, ccexynay (we). Cworpit Ta62. 2.8. TaG:anua 2.8 Cxopocts (V) ia as a oa cuctene SI ~ merp 8 Ta ep Lgrsceny 11087 0308688 3048 [meowermeme — gonny ga ona a8 Unewrcomey sag 3g a0 Nowe se(ailen) 1487 1609 a0 a0 teem» URES 3261107 360010 goto 22510? 1 2.3.12 Yenopenue Octonnas exuiia yexopenns — dyr wa cexynay ® keaapare (fUS2). B cucreme Si merp 1a cexynay s xnanpare (m/s?) 1 yr na cexyuy » xsaapare = 0,3048 mvs? | m/s? = 3,28084 yra na cenyuay 8 xsaapare Cranaaptioe yeropenve cit Taxecri (g) oO54HO mpi MaeTea pasunim 32,1740 gytaM na cexyay & KBaapate (9,80665 mis, 2.3.13 Yenoean cxopocm» ‘Ocrosias eanmnua ~ paanan » cexynay (rad/s). 1 rad/s =0,159155 oB0poraa # cexynay (rev/s) panycam » cexynay (degree/s). B cucrewe SI panwan Tawee wcnonsayeten ana wsmepenta naockix ymin (eM. pic. 2.10). Tlomnas oxpyxnocts = 27 panwavos Merwepte oxpyxnocta (90°) = 7/2 wan 1,57 paawanion 1 rpanye = 7/180 panwanos Pue. 2-10 57,29958 Edunvuas vawoponud 21 2.3.14 Nnowads Ocrionian eanmnua ~ koaaparnatt yr (2) wan Kampen sofia (in? seq in). B encreme SH seaaparnti MeTp (m2). Cuorpu rab. 2.9. JTpyrie werpiecrue eats nouns Anonus: 1 opie = 15,42 km? Pocet 1 seaxparinl apna = 0,5088 m2 1 eeaaparian een = 45522 m2 1 pecerita = 1,0925 ha | xxaapatnas vepera~ 1,138 km? Aisa samepetis nanux paccronsail Henonbayior “nKpoeatt- uw” (eM. pu. 2.11) PEACTARAEHME 0 MHKPOUOMMAX (ein) rape ne voce aera ena ep sana 108 aodian =25,4 wupowerpas (*ausponan”) Awanerp 8onocs: 20004: 120510 2) 39,37 Lin ncaa pc en ean 430 in| Puc. 2-11Crpasownc moxenepa duns vouopond 2 ‘TaGanua 2.9 Taourane (A) ~ > = 2.3.15 Braxocme Ble Boe Be Tiomawieckan saaxocre (1) wawepserca w yirax cnt Ha cekynay Ha KeaaparHallt cyt (Ibfs/ft2) nnn B cHctee SI B o Nef? wait Tacxans-cenyaiax (Pas), Spe Bor 1 Hbfsif2 = 4, 882 kgfsim? = 4,882 Pas 1 Pas © 1 Nein? =1 kayms Coy Pacnpocrpavennoi ennnuet nawepenna » cncrewe CTC s apaactca caHTinyas (cP). CMorpi Tada. 2.10. A A _ TaGanua 2.10 anannseccan emKoers (i) el: 2 B+ + §-ss- Birmanga wiepenia 106 canranyas ayaa Naim Sn, TToyncnnu te ee Ae = _ eI cxnyuay ta 1 4788x10' 4788x107 4.882 e/g 8 S.5-88.. ssuspatiuh yt " SslsSe g s =s Veanrnnyas 2,089%10" 1 10° 1,020%104 © . Lnyan 2.089107 100 1 1020x107 sl8ae.-88... Ns 02048 9s0rco? 9807 . “ ~ _ Kinemariveckas sa3Kocrb (v) Bieta yHKUne! AMHaMH- g I secroi meer rc TemIcLmccee Aen pasa ANRAWNNCION ersnoeTH Wi e nenennoll #a unoTuocTs, re. v= pip. x], _..,8 cwosnan enim ~ apart Gyr na cenyaay (2/5). He- = 5 romiayiorex Taoae apyrie ean, Tanne eax SSU. a I més =10,7639 ft/s = 5,58001x106 inh s|. 2. . .888.. {enone (t) = 10 eareneroncon (680 = 104 na * ert 1 ),00226 (SSU)-1,95 (SSU) ana 32100 cexyua s|7 28 ) Se Bees 24 Coznacoeannocme edunuy usmepenun s B moGoit CHCTEMe EMNHHL, COMMACOBAHHOCTS eAMHAMU NO3BO~ a : net nposonis “Guterpyi0 nposcpiq” npasinsHocr# yan a a 23 3 Henui, Ennnnunt WeMepenHe AOmAHEL GkTs comacoBaHM & é aa Eee zal cern wactax ypastenitn. gE BE BER 8G * 3 i.f dileetd: Tpunep: = == =i gfr=g ‘Tpe6yeres nposcputs npasnabocrs opmysi:duu wouepenud 25 2 apron ween xvwemaruveckas exskocr, = “amueckas eesxoeTs (H). @) trorweer- (9) 1 ft eeeteey pos ties Tlocne coxpautenuit ronysaen Butwon: ennnnun! usMepenis cormacosanti, opMyaa BepHa, 2.5 Mpexorspamenue oumm6ox nepesona paSMepubix BeAMMHH ¢ MOMOULEIO pasmepaerx ckoG0K Tn nepenone oni enuni wamepenus 8 apyrie erKo 10- AYCTWT OWIMGKY, auinOAKNB OnepaUINHO JeneKHIR BMECTO YM- oxen aK naoGopor. Havzysunt cnoco6 inGexanHs no- A0GHIx OUHGOK ~ NpHMEHEHHE TEXHHKH padMePHBNX CKOGOK. Paswepian cxo6Ka 270 apoGo CocTOMIAR HS HHCIHTERR H naMewaTena Kexaui 1 KOTOPLX BuIpaAKeH 8 pasHbix exHHH ax woMepentia oanoi H Toi Ke rONMECKOT BENHAM, a HX NeAeHHHe HaNeHKR cooTBETETEyIOT COOTHOWEHIKO >THx eam 220516 ke Heanpuwep, ||| Sapgip | - PeMepiue cxo6ie, 320578 254mm), {_in_],[_am TaVGKE Ka in 25,4mm | [101325 Pa. Tipumep: tpeGyetcr nepesect# naoTHocTE cranH #3 byHToR va nyGnsecnit nota xnzorpanau a ySivecKa MeTD (p= 029 bin’) lar 1: anne wexoanoe aaavenne 0.2916 7 in War 2: Moxcrasia pasmepnyio cxoBxy san “weca”: 29 Ib fk in [ate] Ular 3: oxctasiw paswepunie cKoGkn (KyHvecKHe) ana “aa” 0291b[ ke in r in? [2.2051 || 25,4mm, Ular 4: Bosseem o creneke 1 coxparim ypasnenne: | 4000)" mm" lea] = 0,29 kg (000) 2,205 (25,4)'m? 9 =8025,8kg/m? Orver. * np sumonnenyn aeiicreuit co crenensmn cneayer coBmonats npasia anre6pts, re. (ab)¥=(aN ‘Taxi o6pasom, fa) ] 6uax eam pasMepaocru mpi yeroBny coBmoxeHnE npanna elicit waa anreGpaneckiNH BuIpaeHIANt,26 Crpasowin wonenens Eounuin usuepena n 2.6 CooTnomenne Mekuy auraniiexHMH 1 TaGamua 2.11 Coornowenne Mexay aurauiickusn 1 MeTpuseckuout euHuuamn pasmepHocTH Merpusiecxusn exnnmuann pasmepnocri (npodoa%) (Cworpu ra6a. 2.11 —————— 5 Tlecamivonie Niraawempa TaGamua 2.11 Coormomenne meaay aurautiexnnen ob oi) eer aaa MerpHMicckHMH ccMUMURSEM paamepHocTH aie eat Ta 5 vm) dlecaimwonie —_—_ Mursuwemper v2 0.50000, 12,7000, Apobu (Ova) Spobu toieu) 33164 0,51562 13)09687 Tea 0.01562 SS i132 0.33125 13,89375 03 5 35/64 0.34687 1389062 na aoe eae on6 0.36250 1428750, ne aeen 37164 037812 1468437 6 1.58750 19/32 0139375 1508125 ere) il 39164 060937 1547812 aa 238128 sis 0462500 15)87500 vet 2.77812 V6 0,64062 1627187 Vs 3.17500 2132 0.65625 16,6875, 9164 357187 Bie 067187 17.06862 5132 3.96875 Lite 0468750 17346250 164 436562 45168 0.70312 17188937 316 4.76250 23732 os7s 18,25625 1364 5115937 4168 0.73437 18165312 712 5155625 34 0.75000 19,0500, 15164 5.95312 49/68 0.76562 19,44687 v4 635000 25/32 0.78125 19,8375 17164 6.74687 sues 0.79687 20,24062 9132 714375 136 0.81250 2063750 19164 5134062 33/64 o.g2g12 21,03437 . ‘ 29732 0.84375 2143125 es aoa ed 55/64 0.85937 2182812 21164 0.32812 8133437 a ae oa 132 0,34375 8.73125 eae eae erate 23164 0,35937 9.12812 3982 90625 2301875, ae ed 9.52500 59164 og2ia7 2341562 eel 0.39062 9.92187 isit6 0.93750 23,8120 aed 6.40625 1031875 61/64 0.95312 2420937 2164 0.42187 10,71562 3012 0.96875 2460625 76 0143750 H112s0 63164 098837 25,00312 29164 0.48312 11350937 i #90000. 40000 1532 0.46875 11,9062528 Cnpasosni nowoneps 2.7 Pasmepustit arasmns (DA) 2.7.1 4mo maxoe pasmepnbiii ananus? DA ~ sto weroa, ocHosanibi na nosioxeHHH 0 TOM, #70 CO OTHOWeHKE duBHNecKHX BeAHYNH @ ToHHOCTH coBnanaer € cooTHoMeHHEN Hx anreOpaNeckHX 2WaMeH Ou nenoaesyeren ana nposepku npasiiasnoctH ypanewnii, onpeaenenus mecr pacnouxenni repeMeNnirx B GopMysax; puBarxernioro pewienna saa He HMeIOULIX onpeaeneH- oro Teoperuwecroro pewienNE ~ 6 YacTHOcTH, Hs OBnACTH MexaMuxiC HLAROCTH. 2.7.2 Ochoanle u npouseodnisie paamepHeie eenuyurist Cyuecrayer paa paawepibix eeanunn, KoropHe aBcomoTio Mesasncnmet oT apyrix. 310: M= mace, Laan Tepe Hanpnep, exopocre (0) apeneranaer cot ny seme vow pena Ble. ae seme rer sbo nator pep ocr exopocr. Benweune Pasmepnocms Macca (m) ™ Jamra (1) L Boos) t Tinowaas (a) ve OGtem (v) its Mone conpornpnenna evens: v Mower nvepuyor cevemua u Ckopocre (v) LT ‘Yexopenne (a) Le -Yrnosaa cKopocrs Tr duns vowepend 29 Cina (F) Mexaiinveckoe nanpacenite (aprenne) S(P) Kpyrsumnit womee (T) Moayae ynpyrocrs (E) Pabora (WW) Mouoers (P) Taoriocrs (9) Tlwnavnvicesas anaxocte (1) Mtr Kiuiewarnueckas araxoct (¥) vr B zanom acriexte cKopocrs paccMarpHBacTea Kax NpOH3BO.- ian paawepiian wenivutia, NOcKOABKY OFA MOAT GUITE BUA 2xeia Nepes ocHonuKle paaNepuiie BeAHHHM. Mpumep auieoda bopmynsi c ucnone20eaHuem memoda paswepwoze avanusa Jax oro, wro6ts wuisecta gopuyny neprona xaneSantit (1) npoctoro MasTiiKa, MPeanoaORIM, M70 BesHNa {RAKIM 0 o6patos camsana © Haccof rpy3a (m), anhwot noaseces () i yeropentiew eno6ostoro naxcHus (fs) re. 6 {m, 1g}. Brezen sneetnyio xoneravry C, noxasarea erenenelt W no- ayn t= Cme Ib gd ~ Gexpanwepian vouerautra, nooToMy € TOMRH apeNHA pat- epuioro anianwza (= {Cm a} Togeranoexa owoRix paaMepmnix nes Aner T=ML (Tey B coornereran e yenosnest pao ma M, asp Caenonarensio, b=1/2 n d=-1/2.30 Copaownn moanepa Tenepe dopayay Morsio aannears a aie: recy? aw ecfE somes 2 Caeayer sawerirs, 410 paamepisii anata noswonser Waxo- nT “opMy” aupaxcuna, Ho He HHcReHIIO® aHaveNHe KOH- rant C. Buinonsiemmst axames noxaatinser taroxe, to Macca rpy3a (om) ne sazer Ha nepuos xoneBians (1), 7. 2.8 Herownuxu zovoanuresthHolt mipopmanstit “Cron enpagox” conepxur Gonee 6000 wrepaxriteHsix “xousepraropon” pasmepnbix eannnu: www, flinthills.cony =ramsdale/EngZone/ceferhim Catir Merpwrvecroft accowati CHA: lamarcolostateed/=hillge!. Boxee 20 ccwanok Ha Tewarnve- cxute colin, PyrosoeTso no npasiiasHomy venonsaoxanio pasmepHbix ccxunnu;lamarcolosiate ed hillgefcomect htm (Cmandapmer: Edunuyss pasmepHocmu 1. ASTMIEEE SI 10: 1997; Use of the Si System of Units (replaces ASTM E380 and IEEE 268). 2. Taylor B.N. Guide for the Use of the International System of Units ($1): 1995, NIST special publication Ne 8111. 3. Federal Standard 376B: 1993: Preferred Metrie Units for General Use By the Federal Government. General Services ‘Administrations, Washington, DC20406 3 Pasden 3 Texn juecKoe NpoekTuposaune - npouece H apHAuunet 3.1 Pemenue rexunueckux saa Bee Texnnveckwe aetna ewxBAHH ¢ PeuleNHest saaa%, B vacrocrs, rextieckoe npoeKTipoBaHMe ~ 370 KOMMLAeKE- ax nocaegosaTeabiocTs NpOueLYP, CBAIAHHHIX € pewenneM sanas orukit, HeonpeaenenviocTelt npoTHBope%it, aaH8c- Ty¥0 8 ono Ht ToxE Bpewa, BooGule TEXHHNECKHE IANA O8- saqaior panow cHOcTe OBuLerO XapaKTepa, CBHIAHULIX C HX ‘peuennes (va6a. 3.1): TaGamua 3.1 Texumueckue sanann ‘OBLLUITE CBOCTBA. “Muoroapopuatuocts Papaeicwne wa ae ‘cevionviow uexyeeTNcHMH xapactep, Wer WeTKIX rpanitl, TaRI, anpaep, rake gxe Baoxennocrs. Kaxaat sere TexHwsecvoll aamayi siuovact 8 col apyrue aazavi i oxsoapesenio ®XOMT 8 COCTBB ATH 2 a. 370 Taeke cBoctv0 ¢nauoces annocmu * Tiwamenoers. OxonaTensnoe pevienne PeIKO npHKoMT epany LUpouece peurets suraagir kB KpyFoa0per. + Caosswoeri. He eieayer ianeartes, 10 22834 Mory? Gums Ape- 3.2 Tunes saga a merogomoruu ux peurentst Texnieckie saa4n Moxsio pasnesit Ha TPH OCHOBHEIX TH- na, © npHcyuunon nw XapaKTepHCTHKAMN Hf MeTOROTOTHANH owcka Hauay uN peuseHll. MeronoorHR 270 cTPykTypH- Posariaa nocneosarensuoct aciicrawit. Ona ynpoutaer 33- sy HOWCKA pewleHHR JO NpHeNeMOTO yPOBIA CNOXHOCTH 3.2.4 Tun 1: Mluvednble mexnuseckue 2a0a4u ‘Onu cocrost ws ocHopuo uenouKu KOnHYECTBEMIHX Text2 Crpanowim worenens paca — Svameoue ea suo Pe] ps “| Ee iI 7) 1/ Citas] 1 sey sou veckHx waros (pic. 3.1), rasHbim OGpasom BbiMHcneHiti, 6a- SS ee ae ee tee ee pr epee re ees ao ee eee eae ee operHueckHx 3axonos, Hcnonssosanne rpy6ix npHénmxe- es 3.2.2 Tun 2: luednere npoyedypHere 2adavu Vix ocnosnas ocoGenHocTs A2eMONGETER B HAAHHN MpOue: AYPHUX OrpaNHeNIt Ha BOIMOXHOCTS BBITOAHEHHE O¥epes- Wax miaros w npouecce pewenus saan. He cneayer nyrari WX © MpwHynHTenkuesMH npoueaypHLIMM OrpanHuendaMn ‘Texmmeyecroro xapakrepa (pic. 3.2). Meronosiorus pewlemus Cccnosana na nenontsosanu 8 Gonsuelt wepe npoueaypani, es bre] = seme 25] fin) fli) lla) DK A mean Tia Puc, 3-2 paca sermon Texiuvecroe npocamuponaive ypowecc unpunuunar 33 ‘en sINcTO TexHINYeEEH MepoRpHETHCH, 3anava NO-APEAKKEMY nocirr sineiinut xapaktep, novToMy pewaeTes rar Ya wlarost Ges nosspara « mpeatayuun ara (nase yMennuracTeR crenen zocrosepHocru peients), 3.2.3 Tum 3: 3amanympre sadayu Buewne oui suucinany stenkisnn H apocTeian, Ho a caMost zene oTawaioTes noTaliuol cnoxNocTuo. B mix eupsrana, ‘cHCTeMA, COCTORUIAA 15 TEXHNMECKHX SHI Jax 1 HeyA06> nx npotteny pix orpanniewni (pac. 3.3). Mevononoriea pe- lena ochonatta Ha HpeaRapitreAsHoM «packpHrTi>» norall- Nol enoxuoeTH sata¥n 10 mpHeNziewtoro yposia, Hexoropise ‘oweTas no meTozonorHv peutcu Guerewa muoxeniss reseecnes “Coan moray (ou upouesy pany) spowuel pownsin Pre, 3-3 Dd Pocapuirse > amenia api “pote = pencnné Heraniae cosepacine cymectayior wa DaNKHTON AL exon 3poie exparras e1oaocrs Onpexenite o6uryio mioxenuocTe ypouuielt ~ nauta wieryst- ue Gynet passusarses no Mepe saxotizente# onra, Coctansre cnuicox nepeMeninax Ht TeAHMMeCKHX napaner- Pos, KOTOPLIe, NO BalleMy MHIEMINO, MOLYT HNETE SMAYeHHE H pewure sax ceGa ~ ro aenate aanswe. Tlocotpure na sagayy co cropouu, npeacrapute ee Kast. Gonee caoation wae (npH 37ON Bus aMule OONAPyAKETE NETH ylo EaORNOETE saMIaNH, HO NE COSMAAMTE ec, TAK KaK B NelicT> sirrentuocTa ova yaxe eyuecTayer). 3 San 2644 Cnpavon wonenepa Henonuaylire xonaexrioneti anaava — sawinyrie Jaan ‘AROXo noaAaOreR HNAWOHAyyMaM, Fpyniia HeemenOBErenei enoco6na chopsmposare Gonee noapobHoe npeacTasmeHHe o cHORHOCTHC 34Aa4H, ¥eM OHH HeOBEK. Tlonurre npaswno: cwasana onpeneawre, © Kaki THROM ANEMIA HNeeTE E70, a yke 2aTEM mlsTaeTeCE ee PeUlHTE, 3.3 Mpuaunem npockraponanua Texnnsiecxoe npoektuposasite 270 eaoatiaa nponteaypa. Ona ‘YacTO HOCiT WTepaunowNuil Xapaktep, OcHopanNi Ha B03 ‘sparax & mpeacwina HiteRM, 10 Tex top, oka He GyaeT Hallte- No Manraysuree penieHie. Tex He MeHee, cyuiecrsyeT meth "posepennnix epesteites npmiKiinoR GyHKUNOHATEHMOTO {pO ektuposanin, KOTOPHNH cHeayeT pyxOROXCTBOBATKEN B TPO luecce npoexTuposanis sio60ro texiMieeKorO oGBeXTa. Mporpainocme dynxuuit. 310 oswaaer, wT0 xasezaR GyUK- UNA B npoeKTe aowaNA GusTh BuIparKeHa Reo W mpocro, TO corp, Ge3 amin KOMTIONeKTOR HuIK HpesMeprtOll cAOAWOCTH. Yaupuxaiua. Xopowntt gyaxuvonarenbil npoext ovansa- FER TEM, TO eFO KOMMONEHTS HMeKOT YaHUpOBAHHE PaaMepar w oneMenrar, Bomkoe pasnooGpaane st0x7KH0 Guith Gocho#aii Kpamuaiiuue nrew deiemeyouur cur. Beeraa nysue, ‘rTOOH! Newt AeficrayioutiK CHT GeLnH KOPOTKHNH H MpAMA- un. 910 yNewsuiaer WsrHOaioulne HanpmKeHNR B BONOKKAX ‘koWOMIT MarTepuat. Taloke akeAaTeRbito HeEMOTEIOBAHNE “Me- {eTHofi saxeakW” (pH KoTOpOF aeiicTane cikn B3aNwHO HetiT- anmyerea) ~ np 2TOM ysienbuaeten KOAAYeCTAO «THe nix» KoMoNeHTOR & npoeKTe, Hausensiuee konuseemeo xpenrenuit. QroT npui Ype- Gyer ocrasaars ceoGony aBinxCHU KoMMOHENTOR scerna Deaue, Fe €crs Takaa woIMOKHOCTE, Dro yMeNbuUlaer HaNpe 2xCHIA HW HeHBBemnUe AehopmauiIH OF TeMAOBLIX pacunpe- Texnuvocnoe npocrmupoeaive -npoyocou npunuunes 35 nacmewioem cessed. B XopoUEM NpOEKTE CHIN MERAY YRECTRHIMHE KOMMOHTAMH euINORHeNEE TaKiEN OGpAsOM, “10 Olt He BHISKIEMIOT HeNy'xtN AeFopsaLNTE HC HaNpmKeHIT. Hiaes cocrowr 8 Tom, 4706s npealocraBITE KoMONIENTAM CBO- Goay aedopsauii, ecan oni HerrGexts. 3.4 Mpouece texnmeckoro npoextuponanits Mpoyece rexmeckoro npoextHposanite 310 noceaORAe ‘enbHOcTe EAOxIENX H BAHMOCRNANHUX Npoueayp. Orca te Teopiat HW MpaKTHKH mpouecca npoexTHPOBAKIE sacTO erpewaeten w Textitecxoit aurepatype. OSuenpirnianio, 470 npockTiposaHNe ects NenonI0Ba- se: Hiayssx mination: Teximiveckori wibopauuan Boobpaxenia Mpoueccss npoeruposanus peaxo coxpansior cBo10 HENS Memniocts, Tax KaK BCE OOBCKTHL BOKPYC Hac HSMEHAIOTER ~ worga nocreneHHO, Hora HanGoce JaNCTHBIMG CRANKAMH 10 N mpoueecss xx HpoexTuponaitHs HenpepsiBHo HAMEHAIOT- cx. B nipenestax 9Ts% OGutenpusiaHiix nonoxkenit cyulecT- aylor paAANUNe MHEHHR O TOM, KAK NpONeXOAMT npouece "upoextuponanna 3.5 Tpoexruponaune kax nocaetosareanuocrs cucremarnueckHx eficTBHit ‘ra xopomo paseirag KONUEMUNK NpeacraBnKeT poUece, Kak 8 OCHOBHON mNciiNylo HocmenoBaTesMNoCTe Wwaro8, ApeanpHmnMaeMix # pamsax o6uteH nen HH OBuLeH cncre- Mbt (pitc. 3.4). Henrparsnoe spo npockruposanita coctour Ws Katovenbix craaNit wccseaosanE, FetlepHpOBAHNR Hel, cures, npowssoactaa 1 ouenki. Craawa emHTeaa Heer cobyi0 markiocTs ~ Ha 9TOM aTane Bee TEXHHMECKHE aCrIEKTH36 Cnpasouan waxonens NpOekTa cmunaworer ROEAMHO W Ha HEX GopwurpyercA O6O5- ‘uesiuas cneumuxaruta Kosicrpy kus ifazeni (KM), Rapo HPOLKTHPOREIIY HAXOAUTER B HpEAEIAX AOUYETIMEN "Pa any oS paryewn ReenosMsnn, pmnaesen ws pace dhateropasin 1 orpaniisitiayel, ro ANeUMAMNpORANEAT ETPYNTypHPORAHHT SUERA Ha NpOKECE MpoesTHpORAHR On nuiriaer oF tavana 20 KoHIa # Bite HocTenORaTemBHHeC- Puc, 3-4 Teanueorse npoexmuposanue -npoyece u npuauunes 37 3.6 Hunowaunonnas moses ra Konueruue, HanporHe, npeacTawaReT Nporiece Kak KpYFO- off HH HKAMUCEKH, a He KaK enporD sHoenexOKATEsA HA ‘pouece (cocrommtt 8 ocitostios Ha TeX Ae CAMGIX NATH CTa- ui, 470 H 8 “eWeTestaTHWeeKO}” KOMUEMUMN) Her KPT 38 pyro, Henpepuiaiio Ycouepuieneraya cywecteyiounte MACH renepupya nostic (pic. 3.5). Taxsns oGpason, ‘esrenbtiocr ocHoEaHA Ha nosReHiNT HOBORAeAENAI — wcKEpeE TROP IeCT- 80, Neat ny’xTyasiBNocri» 9TO KAIONeGOH NpHHLNM HpOHELEA, Puc. 3-5 a ™, Ba Baxuue onewenrst raopueckoro npouecca: Honowsoearue cxpaimex soawaxcuacmelt smuuiern. Hanparaiire moor 20 Tex nop, oka TaopueckHli npouecc, t= pwwiep, Mosropoli wwrypM He npwsexeT K NoABNeWIIO HORKIX io o — 0 Henonssoeaxue cyeaiwiocmed 10 orNavaeT veOb30- ane cBoGoaNoro xO%a paaBiiTiR cOOKTHII, mpi KOTOPON caysaiinocrs Moxer chirpars cuow pons (noaodHinM OGpaa0s Guanw orxpurna pentrettonerie ays wt resitueazn), Anazoeuu. Heneassouanne anatoriit Moker enocoBcTa0- tars TROpHeckOMy MpOUeCeY, 8 4ACIHOCTH, B CAONEIX Text ectonk aacumnaX,38 Copancunac woxonepa B oseux xowuenunax ecr® seprive iocryaares. O6e 8 3a ‘wnresiHoR Mepe aasHesT OT ADGpoTHOCTH HMeWoULETER TeX- ueckoll migopManint # o8€ pencTaRaAIGT saKOHYEHH A poueee, opsienTHponsia, B KOKEHOM Tore, Ha TEXKINGe- ‘cee Hapawerpit peansnoro OGxexra upoektuposanis. HE HAN HYCTHIE TAH He AOWAIEN NpHHHMATHCR B KAVECTBE pesyasraros TaopHeckol AeaTensHocTH, 3.7 Cneunduxauna xouerpyumn srsze.ns (CKH) Hesaaucus or toro, # xaxoii hope npoTexaer npouece po- cextiposans, om sakansneaercn cocranaenwen CKH (epi. 3-6). B ee ekxiovalor He TamExO no-poGiti aGOp KOHCTPY- ‘Tnniix napawerpos paypaGoTaHoro waRecs, HO H apyrHe ‘Textinvecnte 4 norpeGureatckne napawetpss (Tan 3 ‘TaGmua 3.2 Kapra cueunuxauuy xouerpynunn seams + Ronee = Von w spanenoprupara ‘Aloosesnoet, + Kavecrso = Marepnanis SHanexioen = pronownes Maree Craxaaprinaun Besonaenoere 1 Deters Oraemsa * Teunsccnae cesnerenere0- ‘Tlepioswsnoere nposenciis manne euumicca o6cayneaniiie ger pesorroe * Kouneerauua ‘ Tpoinsonnrestuocns * Topromie wapen Heea wane {= Texunro-rovonvecxn ana 2 Macira6 npovanoacrea mm + Mlorpesirenscentenpoe + Kourypnpyoume vanes ‘Texnazorwanpowneoacrsa + Daxzopur oxpyeaonie epeat = Pemuepis + Koppomis ‘ Peannaen woxean + ¥ponenn ya + Panos orpannsennn * lowywenraun tee ePONKS H HEpANONNOSTE * Obcayaneanine + Xpanenne Temmuvecroe npoenmupowanue -npoyecc u mpunuunes 39 Puc. 3-6 3.8 Meroaet reopseckoro noucka Taoprecknit HoHeK RAMEN Ha BCEX 9raNIaX TeXIHIECKOFO npoexrupouanis, OnnaKo, NHOTHe THOpHecKHe AOCTHKEIIIA Ipwxousr 9 Texnuny i apyrux oGnacreli. Ha pre. 3.7 npea- Puc. 3-7 * Mosrosoit uiryps. Hae stiasuraiores rpynnoli more 8 «csoGonHoiiy wanepe. OGcyrxacime neex BbUTBAHYTAX pea DoweHuii onknanbiBAeTeN Ha Gree NOMMMHA cpOK, KpATHKA40 Crozconnine wimenepa aGcomurHo He sonycrHMa, 370 KoMoFaeT CrHMyANPORATE HO Awiiete opuranaay ste Banner stbicaei. Pasttosnanocre Mosrosoro Wwrypsa, npw ROTOPOM sOmH SanHebIBAIOT CBOH KNEH aHIONHIMHO Ha ACTER Symarn iam 1a 6xaNKaX, 3aTeM sHON OGMeNMBAIOTER JAAR ‘Mit pasotinaior (onsTe axionnsso) HAE ApyT Apyra k HOMLIN anpannenax. Cumesruxa™. Cetiasusuponainan Texiiika oGxesmne Wik cymecTayouUIK, He CBRSAHNLIX APY C ApyrOM Hutt C He- 1W0 BRINRTENIUA HOBLIX BOMOxTIOCTEl HaHt PeUleMAH pO cero saa, Mopduiorsecknti anacis. 310 fpopwaaua, expysty- Paponannit mevox peweuia npoexriuik sana¥ © wenomsa0- aIneNt TexHHKH MaTpIEMOTO aN, oo6perareancxne aaropsrrvts, CaoGoanuit w orxpssrith TopAecKnit ipouece cTUNYANYeTeA HonPoCAMH Tuna “Gul 20 61 xopoUto, Ecit 6" HLH “a 0, ecal G ETOHMOCTR Mae Tepracia he Haena seck uuKaKoro ahaenn8?” 3.9 Hetownnku aonosmurrennoii undopmanin Mueneprem: Xopowtit 4-crpawinnait pebepar ¢ oneanmew: pasaumnx weToIorOruii M spoueaypHBIX Moaene npoexTiposanine, bunt ovola edwpolymersic! S3,him, Xopowian 6-c1panununan crarea no sonpocast npoueccos Tex- Hhetecxoro spoekraposanis, pevienia sass H TaopHectas were asso S435 aS hy Bufiniorpagiun no wonpocy sonwenryanzitoro npoeRTipo sina: htpvlakao‘are.nasa gov’ feoiblin/dfedBiblio nm}, Crueox ny6ansaustit no sonpocy wete-onorii TeopuecKOro npoceripowata:hitp//wwwisd.uni stuttgart de/-rudolphl ‘engdesign_publications html. Mumepamypa: ‘de Bono : Serious Creativity ~ Using the Power of Lateral Thinking to Create New Ideas: 1992. Pub: Harper Collins Inc. NY. il Pasden 4 OGume KonerpykropeKne HOpMEt 4.1 Coxpamenuase rexumeckue oGosmatenmst Hirsenpitnenesiisse coxpauiena coorserctayior cranaapry «ANSVASME Y14.5 1994: Paawepes u donyexuy 1 wsposo He- onesyiorex 8 TeXUNYeCKHX HepreaaX H cnewipAKauitax (1963. 4.1). 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Tabi fa 4.2 Tummeunte aonyckn aaa smuelinrx parmepos way 40D) Ud in 11/2 in (6.36 oe-38.1 ooo) +8 (0.2 mM) 11/2 in 5 in (38.1 y0mt-127 sit) £12.03 mw) Sin 12 1/2 in (1207 st-317.5 mw) £20 (0.5 se) 12.112 in 40 in (17.5 w-1016 wm) £32.08 so) 4.4.2 Omeepemun NpocrawoaKa xonyesos ia orsepcris 3asHcHT OF Toro, ee- AMEE JH OHHH B-TOHKOM.AHETE [TOAIUUNNO 40 1/8 swolea (32 1ux)] unit tonctow sucrouOM warepHare. [bua ToHKOTO Ma- ‘epiana aocTarosHo HopsHpOBAAHE OTKIONENI Ber ABYX. Omsronenve purwepoe, Romoxwoe orkrouenne auamer- pa otuepcrie n Gonsuyto 1 seususyi0 eTopony. Omerouenue noroocenus, HosoxKeune oupenenneren He- ea npmesaky « Bare wilt K eMeAHOMY oTeperiNO. Fp ‘0K OTREpCTHT] OGMYHO BUINONNAETER OTHOCHTEARHO Hx uesTpoB.46 Copano woneneps Jas ToxeTux warepiasos, 1pebyetex AonomMTeMHoe Hop- smposauite orktouewti pawoniweliNocra, napasteaSHocTH W nepnesLANKyAApHOCTH (pue. 46). ule Tpex Tunop: orestonlene or / ye Mpawonueiinocmn. 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B Ox us caysaax TpeOyeTex ntorHas nocanka sana 9 oTBepCTAK, B apyritx cnoGoaHas 18 oGeenevens BosMoxHOCTH CHOGOI- Noli paaGopxH wan epawenia, Crcresa oGoaHavenit KOM rnekea naxGonce pacnipoctpartenix cocannensll 22a n oF laepeta tioayuniaa nannaue cHereMst AonyeKDB Ht NOCAAOK. Ona cocrowr v2 waGopa k1accon aonyex8, 470 Ho3BONKET H- roragnunaTe sterann © onpeaeieHHol crerteibio TOUKOCT ETO p cnOIO oMepene OFecTIMBeT BIANMOIAMENREMOCTE Ae> ‘Tarefi oamanoRLis e1aeCOM AOACKOR, Cranaprat ANSI B4.1/B4.3 oupexenior pexowentayenie ONYCKH AAR WHPOKOTO KPYra TeXIMHMECKHX. TpEOORAUT Kaaaz nocanka oGoatavacren KoMOnHaLNeTt GyKa 4 Lipp (1963. 4.3) Ha pic. 4.8 noxanasia upunumnuansian exewta eHeTeNEE Ho ccanin sanlorneperne. «lfyesan smite» o6osnvaer Garousil Ha «roMuanesin paoMep oTBepCTHA Baa (OGuLNT 208 aAsIOTO 40 HX), A ABE JALIIpHNORAKHBIE OGraCTH NpesCTaB ARKO OR AONYCKOB, B NPeIeNAX KOTOPLAX MOFYT ISMeNATH: 8 panwepHt oTneperis 1 bata, Orsepcmte oOwuNO WBOGpaA or naa HyseHo me. AareGpanecyio paswocTt Mexay Gavonuinit pasepawu nasa wa orepeTis H Hx aeticroureat> wun pannepaa Hansngor omexonentey. Oriute Kowempyrmopene Hopes 49 ‘TaGamua 4.3 Kaacess nocaaon 1. Tlupoxoxododan nocadwa: Kraccu RCS w RC9. Apumenseren ae coeawwenne —xcranell «Guero ssnayeiia ¢ Gansu rapaHTyporaiibis 3a30p0, 2. Jleexoxodosas nocadsa: Kaace RCT, ipnwensercn ane caoGoxwofi nocasKH WOAMANANKOR pH aMasHrTeARteAN TeIL20Buix paculnpentAs. 3. Cpednexodosax nocudxa: Kaaceus RC6 RCS, Fipume- eT 2:18 MocaRKH BbICOKOCKOPOCTHBIX HHOALUHNHHIKOB, 4. Tomas xodveaa nocadsa: Kaace RCA, Mpuveuneren BIA iocankn NoAUWHIHNKOG mIpH cpeANHX eKOpOCTAX BpA- 5, Tounas xodosas nocadsa: Kaace RC3. Hpunensever 214 TOUHEIX CONPHAEHMIT H THRKOXOAHBIX MOMUHHAHKOS CKOnL- 6, Cronssayan nocadxa: Knace RC2. Fipumenseren 238 Nenioasiexrx coeammieHAi 7, Uxomnan cxonwsauiax nocadsa: Knaee RCI. Touran HenomsHxwiag Hocanxa, 8. Jeena uanpaoeennan nocadsa: Kaace FNI. UIpusenser- (ok NA Mocaakit MANIK Ha MPoaoarORATEAX AeTaNe 9. Cpednaa nanpaacennas nocadwa: Kaace FN2. Tlocaaxa c sierxaM slonorpesoM. sue HyrywMisAx erased 10. Tyean nanpaocenan nocadka: Kaace FN3. Fopsvaa ocaika aR cTALIBMBIX Je Tah 11, Mpeceosas nocadxa: Knaccs: FN4 1 FNS. Mpnmenserce ‘TOAKO AIA BLLCOKONPOUAR AETATETL Visemmo oreaovenie onpeaenser THN coemiieMHa Mexay ‘ovaepetieM H naiow, Beam orkaouenne nesHayrensio, 70 nore onyeke 6yner PacnonoaeHo GavaKo xk 6a208OMy paaMepy, OGecrednnaN coeamene € natarow. 3hauirrentuoe oreronenne OBeeneunnacr coeaMnenne ¢ saxopow,50. crpano.i winavepa obuve Koncmpyxmopenve Hapu st Bepae oroveie(oreepee) Puc. +8 Ta6a, 44 Mpecconsie w ropaune nocann (npodarK.) ga 5 By Sesnee onerewenne (2) © (Cerne Feat Tense wn Paxausuuie xracces oreaoHeunt oGoaHauHOT GykeaMM no INpHMepy CHCTEME HKbpoesIx OosHaveHIIT, NpHMeHREMOT ua aonycxos. Jaa oFosnaventi orkaowenitt para Henonesy- totes cTpounble Gykeul, a 1s OTAONEHHH oTBepCTHR ~ TPO neue, B Gonsumucrne cayuaen & HimellepHOH npaKTuKe ontayiorex ucHeTeMOl oTuepeTH®», @ KOTOpOH GontuaR acth OnyCKOR NpHBADAHIA K OTBEPeTHIO (NOTOMY, TO TPYe ee caexan> oTsepcTue ¢ ToxLIMH pasMepann), a pasnHe OCAAKH ROCTHraIOTER NyTeM HAMEHEHII MpeAeAbHBIX OTKAO- ew aa, BrraGn. 4.4 44.5 npeneraaney akasenis 1uncHiX H BEPXHIIE orknowenit a paxnisnstx anasterpon (em. ANSI B4.1 4 4.3). ‘Ta6a. 4.4 Hpeccor 1 ropasime nocaaiu Tuanaaon wow Ba mareneixPaRMe py} py? NZ FINE NS oe, ane rc 0,12-0,24 ng na os 1 artes is med 0,40-0,56 nz re Tuanason nose anenetx parwe- pos, dived _ 056-0,71 0,71-095, 0.95-1,19 119-1,58 1,5841,97 1,97.2,56 2,563.15 ‘Oresovenua cwnraxe (0,00) mua) ‘Ta6a, 4.5 Xouonsste u exonmranute nocatKH Taian —— ‘mawepon RCI RCD RCD RCE RCS RCS RCT RCH RCO ora os 0212 Gas O85 8s ano 18 is oe 05 obs 12 axa 02 02 05 040 og oS Is 1 08s as Coan O75 098 19 a3 03° 8 fas 1224 os 08 io ieraas 88841 ”. 12168 isan 95 85 14 g 1329 3) ‘Ormroweniaw wnane> (0,001 aha)32 Graco win meneropa ‘4.5.2 Mempuveckue axeueanenmb! B werpirieckoii enctee (ex. ISO Standard EN 20286) [SO llonyeri 4 noeaakio» npiwenseTes ceMb pacrpocrpaHet IHuix nocatOk € MOxOAMI onpesenenHANM (CM. TAON. 4.6 1 pac. 49). ‘TaGsma 4,6 Kaaceus nocanox merpusieckoit cuereme ‘Tilhupoxoxodoean nocadra: Wiel, 9-9. Tip Menseren 298 YeTaHOBKH MOAUIHNHAKOB CO 3HANITTETDHEIM aasopow 2. Nodonus nocadka: 118-17, H8-26. O6cenesmuaer neGor- hue 22}0pH-H-MIpAMEHACTER IR YETANOBKI CKOMD IAIN fBTyA0« Ht penKo HeTOAAyeMENK HOAUIATHHKOK CKO CHIE 3. Ceompaaiya nocadsa: H7-h6. OOMINHO NpHMeNAcTeR 28 oeaumieni aeTanefi, KoTOPHIe AomRHM AerKO epeNenLaT- coh npi sarmxKe, OSecteUiRaeT ONEHL MANIEHDKHE 320p61 Boworktoere slerkolt CGopKH 1 pasGopr. 4. Tlxomnas nocadsa: WI-K6, Dro nepexontiaa ocarwe 3 HuMacT NpoMeKyTONHIOe HoFExEHNE MeL NOCANKANH ¢ rapanrHpowaHHsis saiopOM I slocaKaMn € fapaHTHposal ‘Maine nararoM. FIpHMetiaerca Tipit BICOKHX TpeGORANTHRN "TOUHOCT, HATIpHMEP, LIA YCTANOBKH LUNONOK H BHLyTPENIAS 5. Hanprxcennax nocadxa: 11?-n6. 910 mepexoaNan nocanka Gone naoruas vem H7-K6, [puweuseTes @ TeX cHy*aRX, oraa TpeGyeTes veNloRBIPKHOE KPeMENME naLta B OTBCp- 6. JTecwonpeccosar nocadxi H7-p6, TIpumensetex 8 TO HHhix Hepas6opuunx coemmennii. JleTann coduparores np HHowoulit sanpeccoaki, Ho cOeAHHENNE He BUISEIBAeT HOH vx nanpaxcwnii 8 erewkax OTREpCTHA. 7. MIpeccooan nocadka: H7-S6. TO caman TyFaA Nocanka, koropaa Haxonirr ipaKTHeckoe mpaMteHenite jiaa YeraHontt ‘rakwx slevatell, Kak fvuteab moawaninkos. Ete Gone Inaoriime nocankwt eylecTAYIOT, 10 OHM MPHMEHAIOTER NHL 2:18 one THREAD yO. 6uve Konampyrmopenve nop 3 Puc, 49 we 4.6 Ormeaxa nonepxnocrn Orazaxa nonepxuocta an Gonce xoppexrii0 «alepoxoaa- “oere novepxHocti> waxNa JU BceX AeTaNeH MaLUM KOTO- pute npoxonar MerasnopeAyuyio O6pAGOTAY, TaKSHO KaK 06> 1wiva, erporane, ursmbonane a xounHnroBaRe, 370 oT= HOcHTER K RNOCKHM I MUNHApHeCKHAI NoBepxHOeTAN Ue- PoxoeaT0cTs slonepxioctelt Hopwiposata crennaNHBIM TEx rnrwcexi craunaprom: ASME/ANSI Bdé.1: 1995: [epoxo- samacm nosepxnacmed Oua oBornaaercs HapaMerpo Ra, sowophit npescraanser coGofi cpearice apnibweritiecnoe OT” ovtenne sulcryto® H siaAH TosepxHocTH OT epentel 3H smi npoduas, snepenioe 8 xuKpomoivax (hin). Cyuteer- ayer TaeKe apyrol, avatorivnatl, Esponeiicxai craniaepr DIN ISO 1302, a soropow uenomsayeren cucTewa oGonta%e-54 Cnpscowin wonenepa vl Tania N-xcace, 470 npoero anserex apyris crocobo 4.6.1 Knacce! wepoxoeamocmu noeepxnocmed: mpu6nusumeneHoe coomeemcmeue ‘Ocnoaniie Kaacets wlepoxonarocTi FpyGas oGrowka ¢ auMauiMit enesawn oF pexyuero HicY pywevira: 500 1 8 eveteme Ra (12.5 pim stan N10), Fnaaxan o6paGoraunian nogepxnocte: 125 41 cures R, 3.2 4am nas NB). Henauniravie comparaemuie nosepxiioct (ns Gane: 63 J. s cucrewe Ra (1.6 jum 12H N7). Flosepxnocr noauununsos: 32 4m encteme R, (0.8 im we NB). Tloswposannsie nopepxtoctit | 41 8 enereve R, (0.025 im nan NI), Ha pue 4.10 npeacrasiewo cpasneuue paxinsnuix enetes. oGernaenis re i 7 PEE ‘hones sapere inte ranean GY. Thaaxne novepxiocri# nosysaior meroaawi o6isH rannooGpaSorki, Ho € MoMOUIMO creUMaNLHOTO HHCTPYNEN ‘Ta. Ha Sopouns veptexax kaace wlepoxoparocrH coupsrac Mulx nonepxuocreli aeTaneli ykaauinaerca Hapsay c ApyTHNNt ‘Mapanetpasen crasaapra ASME/ANSI Y 14.5, vaRuM KaK Ot iKynApHOGTH 1 TapannenbHtecTi tonenHs oF repent 6s konempymopene Hope 55 4.7 Herosnmecu sonoammreasitoli unpopmanit ‘Cmandapmt: Omxnonenun, flonycru, u Wepoxoeamocmu LANSI Z17.1: 1976: Preferred Numbers 2 ANSI B4.2: 1999: Praferred Metric Limits and Fits 3. ANSI B4.3: 1999: General Tolerances for Metric Dimensioned Products. 4 ANSVASME YI4S.1. M: 1999: Dimensioning amd Tolerances— Mathematical Definitions of Principles 8. ASME BA. 1: 1999: Preferred Limits and Fits for Cylindrical Parts. 6.ASME B46.1; 1995: Surface Texture Surface Roughness Waviness. and Lay) 7.150 286-1: 1988: 180 System of Limits and Fits, Cmandapmut: Pesn6st [ASME BI.I: 1989: Unified Inch Serew Threads (Nand UNR Forms), 2. ASME B12: 1991: Gages and Gaging for Unified Srew Threads S. ASME BI.3M: 1992: Sew Thread Gang Systems for Dimensional AcceprablliyInch and Metre Screws 4. ASME BI.13: 1995: Metric Serew Treads 5.180 S864: 1993: 50 Inch Serew Thread Allowances and Tolerances, Mnmepuem: ‘poecchonansitie reowerpinieckie pauwepis W aonyexn (GDTP- 14.52): wasme ong ensdsnariments‘AceredCenifGPTP im Snekrporuian sepciy nyGaieatn «Ockosi mexenepHOr® RpoeKTi- onanism: hio/machinedesign som /bde/main ml Texmnseexan nmbopwaitis 0 WHPOROMY Kpysy Ronpocoe mieKeNep- wo npoeetposanna: hip finghills.som-rarnsdals! ngZonelet ma umepamypa: Rothbart IA. Mechanic Design Handbook, 1995. Pub: MeGraw= HHitSBN 0 07 054038 1 Pope, ES. Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers: 1997 pub: Gulf ISBN 0.88415 790 3.56 Pasden 5 Apixenne 5.1 Cocromme passtoneciin enone pasnionecinneairr 8 ochose sitorax sero wre epitoro anasusa 1 vorierpyposaim, Ocwosnute nozokenin eopin Tlpeswer nanoasren w cocTomii pashioneci, ec rayne na nero cia He mbiBORFT ero 19 COETORHK nO- xo HW pasHiowepHoro RpANOniHcNor® aBKACHKR nparitecroit Tow penn, anonaulce savenHe seer Taken, cOrnaeHO KOTOPOM peaser HORT R cocroniin pasnoseciia wos ee, cen aeeTapone va Hero cia He oByrazaIoT ero KAnloReHO. 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KONETPYKUW JOKHA Gre paccwnraia na aelicrane coorBeTeTEyIOUU Harpy30E, Caeuyer nostnrTs 0 Tos, tro 97H HATpySKHC BuDDAIOTER KaK Anneliin, Tax w yra0nuNe yexOpeTE ANH ‘Aluwednoe yexopenue Yenosoe yenopenue Zoe ays? a= BOO pags? yFON Hepa COOTHIO- Takin o6pasow, a OL eaasana pyre ewe a= re, rae r— parye spauten Tipw anianvae (1H npoestupowaniny) soGoft satus eaeny , mpexte acero, rlosuuers o smite yoRupeNdaX ~ om cera OveHy BaRH 5.6, unasmeckas Gastancmposxa Mlowri ace arperaris spautarensuoro selicrans (uacocts, 8a aus, TypOnute, PeaycTOpEA, FeteparopLs W-.3.) NpexoRsT ju usyeckyio Ganancuporsy mpi wsroronenus. HIpu a10% BH aU MUI NOBOAHTER 0 AOAYCTHMOH HOPMBL OGuIHo suaystteckax SanaxcHpoBKa NPoBOANTCR B ABYX aocROCTaX 1 TpeGyer waMepenns/KOppeKTPOBKH JelfeTEyIO- ‘uuix sosstyuennit. Hageane aaxperuiseres 1a Garauicuposos Aovxonve 6 Holl ochacree, KOTOPAR RpaIUACTEN © paGO¥eH ExOPOCTHO I> ana, Tpit 3rose stepsiorca W nuBoARTER Ha HH opMaLLe OMNYIO nallene KEANE HeypaRlOReMeNX ex H d:s0- BUX yeaoR HX aelicran 8 OGetrx uaocKDcraX. 3areM GanaHer PonOWNMe TpY I YerananuMRaHOTeR (HAH CHHMAIOTER) € Ue JIMe JOCTHESEHIER HORYCTHMOTO YPOBHR HeypaBKoneUIENI ‘uu (pu. 5-3). ener Puc. $3 [ YE Penang verop(U)_, _UA~ Joes 23a 161 wen 08 yao 2 (U2 6.5 0r «24 Sin~ 18928 oxin non yew 140" Pennoni set: 1 24 yn (oe) naa yen04 @ £7 [naysenrabinesnn vere)a Crpavoun wovenena 5.6.1 Banancupoeka, Tepmunes. ‘Cmandapm ANS! $2.7: 1997 Hauxowanunsit cranzapr ANSI $2.7 wupoxo vnonuayer= cn @ KawecTBe OcHOBHOTO TepwitanOrH4ecKOrO HOPMECHEHO- Fo AOKYNeNTa suis Ganancupono¥Nort TexuHKH Ht oGopyz08e hus, On OXRaTHWACT Be ACTEKTH, CHASAHNHE C MAUIHHAN, Poropanit, rexnKoil GarancuposKn H OGopyzoBaHHeN. 5.6.2 Ypoenu Ganancupooku (Cranaapr ANSI S2.42: 1997 «Siarancupoexa ympyowx po- ‘mopoe» usteer wsipoxoe pacrpocrpasienne. Ou peraasentrt YET aeneHNe poropos Ha rpynnt 8 aBieHMocTK oF yposuR Gananteuponen. Crauaapru ISO 1940-1: 1984 «Barancuposka tu mpeBosanua k xavccmey scecmxtux pomoposy ui ISO 10816- | nopmupyior Gananciponky obknoro ypoars. [pr 6anaH- Ccuposxe npeuwsHonwoli TexiuaH, HanpuMtep HMCTPS MeIETOS ‘upockorios Honksyiores creuanbiusen NopwaMtit noBLALieH- oft towioern 5.7 Bu6pauns BuGpauns kax auciunauna aaaseres moapaxtenoM 2HHa> uni, Ona uaeer HtekiosuTenbuyio BaxHOCTD, KaK ANE CO- Copy xcnil. Tak M aH Mau, HaxOARUUNKES NoA BOXeTiCTEM cen ROIMYLAIOUUE Harpy. 5.7.1 O6ujan modens HanGonce oGuelt vores evOpaivn saaaetes ssarepi anpiias TOMKa, HouBeWeHHAR Ha ENHpaciNOl Npy'eHtHe, HaXO- Aauiagc# Noa BouelicTeNeM BOAMYULAIOUIE H MHepUNORHOM cons (eM. pie, 5), Tpadiveckn aBinxenne ToxkH npeacrantaetcs mpoexutel ‘Bpauiaiowerdes BexTOpA Ha ock x, OcwoRHBIe XapaxTepHETH- ViTm 2x - yacrora xoneGannit, Pu (Hz); = sxeerxoeTb mpyI; Aovxonve Gy s Puc, 5-4 ' ceiitiiy 2keernnere py k | Helipanunoe { Macca neansauim caysaem sunaerea mpoctoe rapmonueckoe coniyconaansioe aaixenie, Ocuosuste xapaKTepHeTnku: = axanmurtyna xoaeanulls veds/dt ~ckopoct® suGpauun; a=dvidt — yoropenue auGpauuu. 5.7.2 Bu6payun mawun Pasmuvaior nea 7Hna aHGpAWHN MaMIMH BpauLaTeNEHOTO Ae BwGpauns noauinnanxossrx onop. Dopwa xoneGanuti nnpintaerea sa cHnyconay. OcHosias xaparrepHeTiia ~ ‘40p0CTE (Vans) BuGpaune rara, Dopua xoneGannit OGwHo oTmMNaeTCR OT ‘cumryconatt, OcHosias xapaktepucraka ~ annuuyaa (3).“a crpaacsi winonepa Bu6pauun noduunHuKcenix onop Ocnonmute Honoxenins: * NpiHHMaeTeA Bo BHMaHHE TonEKO anloRepXttOcTHaR BNG- pawns ‘py TiCIoHuie KoneGans He paccmarpunaroTes; Vy 058440 WIMEPAETER Mn OFAEAAIEE TOICK MAcTORHO- wr ian aT RTEATORT Fo sanaoua, ares npubonres x obueMy seo = SE fv op sms | opnyne Aounenve 65 econ pa ‘nonremte ned Tinos unmet, ROTORS sou aningarpa Typ apc OPO Pons = [fetavannyan > yrnonwe waerors!) onycmumsie ypoonu Mpoinsowrreaw npoaysusnt He acerna wutepasHBaIOT cra -Baprol slonycTuweix ypooueli snGpaumi. Pexonenayewuie fe YPOBHH NipuBeaenus Ha pic, $5 W 5.6. Mauna muvefin Ost mms pewuntone aeran W manned = 4 mone TypGias et epamnace » naanerapre peayx- 0 Ms ropa 3yGarue peaysropis, rypGnues 10 28 Hacocu eSuero wannasennn 7 45 Pyare wacocst Iago 454 Ausenasie Moropss 280 7 kpymnoeaGapirtse xpaountio- 2804804 5.8. Ilya 5.8.1 Ocnosnere nonomenun HanGonee poctoe sum nomimanis onpesencune wywa 310 AYALCAUNA BOUAYIMIHHIX NOTOROS, ROMHKAIOUaN Ha BHBpHPY- oui Hlosepxnocrax.ILlym usMepaercs upuGopom, diuKepy JouuHM InMeHeHNe AaB:ICHNK BOSAYKA W COrTOCTARRAOMIHM eF0 (CO aRyKOBDIM 2ARACHHEM, MpHMsTBIM 3a HyCRYIO OTMETKy. a Kone Gio0, onan serene pO A pulp ENOCH! a v=pOANO}O raaapra SO 108161 ‘Caapoet mi, Vine ‘arora F Tm ont | Bae | Rae | Rae sonia |__| toot | A | A | “s cn net TW] 3 e « 2 B Kee Ms st wee 2 26. (215 xB) ‘Eee Mauer ounocra nene 32.136 (5300809) ‘oe Mate at ecw ane eV ame aan yee gyms (Coven aipane nacane nang a)$6 Copasowec woranepa Bcaasn e ten, wro maui vaaaior cMect 2ByKOB pasHioR 4a Corsi (wnPoKonoaocHEili WYN), HH OBO OTAEABHO BIRTOE WoNepenite He MOxeT Jarb nonHorO npercTaRAeHWR 0 xapaK= ‘Tepe mysa. Ha npaKtike HeniomayiOT aga MeTOxa OUENKK yposi ya: = OStwiit yponens wywa. Yacto wenonsayerea B xavecrse asronopHoro Tepmiita ane oFomHaveNHa cpeaneNBeWieH- Moro yposiin saysoxoro zannenus. Onpexensercn no hop- Myme, cyMaupylowell seyKu parvo uacrorsl, M ABIAETER aWAyswelt npHGnicxcHHOH OUeHKOR rpomnocTH uly™a, Hsmepretes 6 newsBenax dB (A). = Macrorwsii yposent wysa. Yposni aaykosoro aaaneHin HOMepmoTeR B orenbHbix YacroTHIX nonocex. HsMepe- UR MoryT nponoauTéca 8 npeaenax OKTaBbI WnW TPeTH OK ‘anu, onpezenseMoii no cpeauteli wacroTe nosocwi. JWana- 30H WACTOF, HMEIOWUIX TpaKTHECKDE aKaveKE B MALO etpocuim, koneGnetes 8 npexerax or 30 0 10000 Tepu (Hz), Caeayer samerurs, ro vactotHtill yponen mya ‘rake awepaerce w cuGenax (dB), kana vawepewiit yposis wywa casa no cee nanKeTeR n0- apnipsueckol - yposent aaanenus aayka » dB onpeneater- dB=10108;0(P1/P0), ae, py ~ noxasarent seyxop0ro aasnenia, rr Hyneboll ypoBeHt aaaeHiR pw wowepennn wysa wexawinwos epawarensioro aelier- Bit, BHa¥aNe OnpexeANOT “KOHTpONBIYIO MOBePKHOCTS", & 3aea wa paceromnu 3 fi (0.9 m) oF Hee yeranannnBaror Ni porpoms (put. §.7). 5.8.2 Tunuwnete ypoenu Mipumepunte yposr mya npeacransents 8 raGa. 5.2 Hopsansuuli "zonyctunuii” yponent we onxen mpeasi- wart 90-95 dB(A) na pacctonnmu 3 gyro or paboraioutero ‘Gopyaosanus. Boner wywHoe oGopyaonanne HyxnaeTER Aovxone, 67 Peovenayewue wee yraont simpoeice @ pao 28. ‘aan eno oxpunen “rong, syn SHYKONIONALIMOHHOM OrpaAeNH. JioaM @ COCTORHHH BbI- aepausare Gosee rpokne saykH 8 npesleaax 10 120 dB; os- ako Gonee BuIcOKNe yponil aayKa NpIINAIOT cepEeaHbie eyoGeTsa n sursuisaroT xponuvecKHe saGoesaH. TaGa. $.2 Tunwanute ypoone mya ‘Mexanuaw/oxpyocarowan epeda | DBVA) ‘Wlenor. 20 lym » ouce 50. yw 328023 90 Mouth anseanei 97 “Typ6orownpeccopHasiraionat 98 syp6una6 Capasouine winenena 5.9 Herownuan zonoanureabuoit uudpopsaunn Cmandapmes: Banancupooxa 1. API publication 684 Ed 1: 4 Tutorial on the API Approach 10 Rotor Dynamies and Balancing. 2, SAE ARP $323: 1988. Balancing Machines for Gas Tur- bine Rotors Cmandapmer: Bu6pauun 1, ANSI/ASA 82.41: 1997, Mechanical Vibration of Rotating Machines With Speed Range from 10 10 200 revis 2, ANSIIASA $2.40: 1997, Mechanical Vibration of Rotating ‘and Reciprocating Machinery - Requirements for Instrumens for Measuring Vibration Severity. (Cmandapmes: Ly 1. ANSVASA S12.16: 1997, American National Standard Guidelines for the Specification of Noise from New Machinery 2. ANSVASA $12.3: 1996, American National Standard Sia- tistical Methods for Determining and Verifving Stated Noise Emission Values of Machinery and Fguipment 3. ISO 10494: 1993. Gas Turbine and Gas Turbine Sets ‘Measurement of Emitted Airborne Noise - Engineering (Survey Method) 69 Pasden 6 Conporsaenne marepua.tos a6 6.1 O6ontavenns, = ‘inretinas aepopwau a ‘yisonas aebopssutis H kowpounutenr Myaccona E ony. yupyrocte G ' 1, MoweHT muepiuii cesen oasapHIAlt MomeNT Hneprtas y vornGarouui Mowerer M, pytauuiit wosten P avewnsa cia r aawiye KpHBHSHBL s oMH namie HaNpRKEHNE Ss. _aonyexaemoe HanpyoKestHe npr CATH Si sonyekaewoe Hanpsxxene pu pacTaeHt Sy pene ynpyrocra Stun S, xacarenuioe nanpexene s anpexene oF HaNeHEIR TeMneparyplt Ss, pees TeKyuectit U rHorenumatsnas sneprax nedopwauytt v yennne capura w Rowepesias narpyaKa w pactipesenensas Harpysxa y porn z MostenF conporiermn ceveu 6.1 Huraeneptte konerpyxuvan: ‘ae ae pactiocioaxcenta muapimper? Muorie noaoweinis wpkenepiioli mexanikH OcwoBatKE 1a TOM, HTO OFACAHIBIC ALEMENFTAL CHOXIUX KONCTPYKUMH CO- ceauetia apyr © apyroM Mit HOMOUH wrapHUpOS. AuaorHN-0 Copasown worenepa ‘uum OGpasOM, npaxTinieckw noBceMecTHO Npeanonaraeres, ‘WTO sneMeNT KOMETPYKUMI YeTAHOBREHA! Ha WAPHNpHEN ‘onopax, a Hx ania GeckoHesno RenmKa no cpaBtentio © nno- uianuio wx nonepesiix cesenitl, Boannxaet gonpoc: cyule- crayior su » nelicrenTensHocrH TakHe 2nemenTH? OGuapyacirs wx aelicrenrenkio He npocro ~ npH cemerpe Mocra MAM cTANMHO! GaulNi HaBPRA AM YaaCTeR OTHICKETS XO ‘# Gut oaNM wapuup. Snemesn KOHeTpYRU caenans Hn pyG, aByTanpos HAM KOpOGHaTHIX Npoduae, cocmMHeHHEN ApH noMoWH MHOxeCTRA sinacTH, yronKOR H ANaHUeR W c (Cem Ne MOXOKN Ha axkyparibie MpHOM. Tak, Me >Ke 77 ‘cexat, ¢ HHCTOM Teopuell CTaTHKH H BEKTOpHOMI MEXAHHKH? K evacraso, orser ye cyuecrayer, M ot KpoeTea ® 2ayx- coreruelt wioxenepuolt npaxruxe. 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Hx o6ocHoRaHiocTs AOKasaKa ‘xeTIepHMeHTaEHbiM waMepemeM xesopMaunti pH nosou ‘TeNONATHNKOR, a TAKE MPOTPECCHBHBIMH METOAAM KONE Ho s1eMeHTHoro axamwaa H GoToynpyroro MonemMpouaHi Conpomuanenve uamepuance n Copepuiennbie KoHCTpyKUMH caMoneTOS, KOpaBnell H expon- TeMALIx CoopyAKCH muawlOTeA HeoNPORCPARHMBIM AOKASA- TenbeTBOM BePHOCTH HaySHLIX TeOpiNl CTATHKH H MeXANNKH, ‘Stu xonctpyxiuni BO sceM nuupe npoeKTHPyIOTeR € HenanKI0- BaHieM EXOAKHX YpaBHeNMTH, na‘oULNX BEroUINGoHNLLe peayak- Tarts, KoTOpHE AOKASKIAQIOT cNpapesLTHBOCTE TeOPpETHMECKIK rani, neaaMUNX 8 Wx OcHOBE. KoKesHO, MOxHO CTPEMITHCR x yay'luenio Teoperaseckix MeToO® pacteTa, HO MpH 9TOM Neni34 HEHOpHPOBATE sGBECTHBIE NOTOKEHHR, BKTONAIOUMNE AOnYEHR 0 WapHHPHOM cOeAINHEHHK ateMeHTOR H cocpe- AOTOHENHOM IpHAOAKeNNN Harpy3OK B ONOpAX. 6.2 Mpoctoe cxarue m pactaxxenne (xehopmanns) oun rowan Hanpaxene P lin? Pippin’ rah yanwnenne epsonavanauas aaMna I (Gespasmepuas nenuunita) OrmocnTenuioe yannnenne € = Me __ = goucranra NOCHTENBHOE YARMHENHE coaya ynpyroct E (Ib An} Ha puc. 6-1 novasana ocHoBHas aasvcHMocTh Mexkay HanpA- 2xeHMeM Ht paCTHREHHEM JR MeTaNAOB, Kooppmunerrr Myaccona = OTHocHTenbHas nonepewwax sebopmaunn _ di/d w oTHocHTeAbHaR nporonbuar Aeopmauna — 4/1 (Gespaamepit enusana) - ew. pute. 6-2R Copano noneneps Pn. 6-1 know = Oroenrentnoe yanrnene (6) yeue EMMA _V ne , = SE SD fi mmowads A ee ‘Yron ewpura (a) - yrsonas esbopmaua nioa selierHeM Kaca- Tenbnoro wanpaAccHite Mony:as caniira aeuremsoe vanpexenne s ; S. = xoncrauna =(G)lb fn? yroa capura a (Ort (eu. pre. 63, Hiaipaxesie oF wwevenna reuneparypus S, = Ee =Eat, ea soe netnoro Texeparypnoro pace penx 1 -nwevonte erneparyphs (pi. 6-4). Conpomuenonve mamepuance B esune opera V Puc. 64 t Harpes 63 Mpocroit wsrn6 (nporud) Pacer npocrore ynpyroro 116: M SLE ra rae: M~ waru6arouunt Moment; 1 owen mepus cexeniss ‘= paguiye psi eltspansnort en; E-soayns yupyrocts S-anpeaenne bro:xe cevenus, pacnosomentol a paccro- funn y oF neipansuol oc Mon epusit 060r0 covers ey? at Pacvernsie opuya ans wexoroparx cevewi npeacrasacuss a pure. 6.5 Mowenr conpotussenix covenConpomuenenue uamepuaroe 5 Pac. 65 (upodasne)16 Cronous wens Conpamvanovue waapuanie n 6.4 Honopor coven # nporu6 6a:108 Morne anewenl wunKeNepulX KONETpYRUMH sory pace we [tose Lee eoarpnisaracnxak 68k nS] El Coornowenna Mex nonepewiol narpsano W, yeu 4 exon V, sean soMehTow Mf, nKSpOTON CoHen, a | owe nporiGon eg Tipomn6 = 5 (nay) Howopor cevenna = dyids aa 5 |S | ote @opuyau ana WesoTopAK paCveTHK EXEM npeneTABNENs 7 ye le a pie, 66 ae tes 6.5 Kpysenne — homayoren yhgiuuponainie pacvenie ops (Pre 6-763) rae T~xpytnu women (Rb); e ) ear Jp nonspunati momen meputn cee Cnt; - 8. racateonoe nance (bin? ‘ RE paauye (ins 2B G~ way exer (bn?) 2 4 yron aaxpyrnamis (ta): -«') 1 anne 6pyca.28 Capancoon wore Conpomianonve wanepuaron » Pac. 67 Let Pac. 68 epinma pcnn cS ‘ Pea a 7 <¥ ‘Yeunue canna token: sms) ys a apne scume cre Jian onsocrennisx nou saros: 1, =2A7% , one: + ~ pean passe apex ereHH; tronta crews Jas sao vaxonaueren non coawecrh Garoutero (Af w wpyeRerO (7 Hosen (or aeficrana warnSauiero wowewra: S = MO 1D or neficraus kpyrawero Mowenra: $, = 2 pyTaute Say, xananermnat sorHGaIoU MONT: 1 PT m,=L[ JOP) anancnt xpytAU MOMENT: 1.-\@=r) | I de ] | ‘ 1-4 @ue pe) po Tt 1 =f@m spe) ds = T “tie 1 -F@er+ De) tot Teal ep nee) asec eres nen ryan pp80 Cnpavosunwarenens 6.6 Touxocrenunte cocyab B Gosnunicrwe pesepayapos, oasepracmtx sy rpeneny jaawreinino, orHowelme AWaMerpa x Toute crewOK Gomsine 20, TlosTomy wx MOxNO paccsHTbIRaTS TAK “xe, KUK TOHKO= creme oGonoKt. Ocnosofi acex Hopm ¥t cranzapron a8 pesepsyapon, not epraeMuix aHYTPeHKeMY JaRaeIIMO, cayAKar TANOBHIE pac~ erie ops. Puc. 6-9 S S Ocsosnuse opuyns (em. prc. 6-9) pd Oxpyauioe nanpwrcenme §, = PS 0Y Ps . 6.7 Llwanmap4eexue cocyasi ¢ noayedepmeckust anoM Co pac, 6-10 Conpomvenenue wamepuance 81 Pre. 6-10 te Panwanonan ae opwatn oy. Bias noayesep: w e= 2h Q-y) aE Pasuuua neopsaunit nopoxaaer paxpeieHoe HanpmxeHHE B hiwax wesxay CTeHKAMH 1 AAMUIeM Cocyaa, 6.8 Toacrocrenmme cocyze1 pw npoexrsposanin raxix wanenult Kax rwapounnseapee aw KoaTeKTopss napoBLix KOTIOB HcTIOMAYeTCR TeOpHA pace ‘era ToncTocrenHbix cocyaos. Oxpyanbie H PaAMaaNKIE Hae paxeHis B TOM CAysac HepasHoMepHO Pacrpenerenb! nO ‘TomuHie CreHOK W HX pacveT eAIMoHReTCR NO opMynaM, peanonenntist Tame (pie. 6-11) Pu. 6-1182 Cnpssowin wonanepa cre rae Aw B ~ goncranri JTawe SWS WS Koucranra Jiawe (A) onpenensetex n0 dopuyae: aw PRIZPR} RR rae P, ~ aiyspenee nannene; Py— awewnee aanneves Ry ~ onyrpe 6.9 Yeroiiuusocr, crepanelt Tamnnete w ToKwe anemenros koueTpyKiuin, paGoraroutKe Ha ‘oxaTue, Haxbiaaiores crepxwaMs, OW TepsiOT npsMonHWeli- Hyto Gopmy paibuue, Hem HanpmxenHe B MaTepHaie AOCTHT- er npenesa npouwocrt, Kprrrieckas citza Wb sasucut oF cexemat narpycens (eM. pic. 6-12). TIpuweaenuax aanva cxaroro axemewra J pasia aanwe oaN- MoWNOl pontss WaoruyTore crepKtn 6.10 Kpyrauie maacranst More aneMen Tis KOHCTPYKUMl MoxHO pacesTotBaTe aK pyrite wn vaK rombuenwe nnacrunnt. Ocwoniiie GopN AD ‘ut pactera yrnos nosopora i npor60s npeacranneHt 1a pwc. 6.13, ste(S)3 Conpomvanenue namepuanoe 83 Puc, 6-12 lapaaoaue nope app aensenneeonopie Wapapeilestosnse coop Swerve onopis RG J - maxcnwanuwilt nporu6; yl ~ yon nonopora; W- ease warp as onus D - aaanapieccas xeerkoeT; E -wonys ynpyroet axcrnanoe pawtanice vanpracnne; saxcinansnoe ranten Hoe Hanpaxenne,84 npavowun wos Pac. 6-13 piiiiis a bisiiys }.—< w —_ W comin seme) t i le Woon eon a ent —ni—19 = aswin Sapo + 2 lasont -csilenemer Conpomuenenue wemepuance 85 6.11 Konuenrpauns nanpaxenuit Mecribie nanpskenit 8 anewentax KoHcTpykiil © perkint FeOMETPHNECKHMIM ONEpTARIAMI MOTYT SHEMIFTENGHO MpeBBI- lars HoMMnansiibie aHasenns, B orix mecrax nos soaaelict- SHEN UKANMECKHX HArpy20x Moryr paxBuBaTkes yeranoeT= use paapy wei Tunksnble akTopsr roMUeHTpALIA HaNps- 2xenHit noKasauus wa pic. 6.14. "ancora Pue, 6-14 a © Konfebmment omer, 3 Poor ong a 005 ais 02 03 3 Gees, [BEI (TEE) GEL 0 LipaGeanaresne warcue wxrneaT® wy [is is lai ‘CConpomuanenue mamepuasice Croascoiem woronepa Puc, 6-14.» Pac. 6-14688 Crpasnun worenepa Puc. 6-146 —eddo00)\— eof) lt Sete amacrine Sg en ip == Conpomsenonve wemepuance 89 6.12 Baws nanpaxenmii Hanpaoxen s anewewrax KoMcrpykuMll peaxo Guisator cra- THYeCKHMH: OM HaeTO HOMENBIOTER BO wpesentH, Ha pHe, 6-15 npeactaanenti uerupe ocilositrx Bitaa HanpeeHni Puc, 6-15 Tne: HansexeHHt Crmmecne taapemce fosonmeuee ngence — 8Pasden 7 Paspyiienne marepuaaon 7.1 Kax paspymsanores marepna.nes He eywectoyer eammioro, oButenpmvator® npeacranneina © npupoze paspy enna warepnanoa (8 NactHocy#, weraan08). Osmo exraor, ro Npouece parpyIENIN COCTONT HE Hee ‘xonticnx as (pe. 7-1). Marepiian coxpanacr cao ynpy- TOCTE 20 TOwRH Mpeneza ynpyTOcTH, Nocne Hero NaKnNiaeTCR ‘ana neoGparnmux aepopuaunti, B rowe npexena Texy4ec- 1H obpasyeres TpeunNa, KOTOPaX NpoROmKaeT panBHBATica o ToHKH Npenea NPOSHOETH, KOFA NpOHEXOAIT paapula Ma reprasa, Puc. 7-1 omancnne “pews Pacnpocrpanene pear peses ypyroens \ _Parpun ‘aerepuana Nepezou Hawonnee nowpexnevait € Cyutecrayer HeckonnKo paanbix ToxeK apenita Ha cvoficrsa MaTepHato® 1 Wx nopeseHHe B MoMenT O6pasosaHita TpeU- ul (pic. 7-2) Flue wanGonee pacnpocrpanennix npweenents Konuemuua yapyroro useliuoro paspywens (LEFM) 8 anncuoct# or KoxpypuusenTa paxpyuaioutel KecTKOETH (Kj) Marepiana. Paspywenve wamepvance 3 Puc. 7-2 sgn open Komuenuus «nomsyyecru», ocHosaunas na npeanoaoxe- ‘uM © noxarnusoM noveneNMH Matepnaa B MOMENT OGpa- SOBaHHa penn, Coorsercrayiouue HopMM onpeaeasiorca cranaaprom ASTM E399, 12 Pacer ynpyrore auuetiore paspywenus (onev0a LEFM) ‘Ypanienne «Guctpor paspywennnn: Kn kya !Svea te Kj - pnunenpaspyuaoutel xecTeOeTH 2G eSapauven mrenennvocrs nanpexenn, ania yeu T= Gexpaauepmndl woopipvenT yeera reowerpwsecain napawerpoe sean; 5 manpene. Suan Ya pana Tuna nye noesaN 8 pe.7.3.2 Cnpano.in wonones Puc 73 § a vel y i yet Y= 1, 2emmemcee or omeiem al 7.3 Cay4an coxnore nanpaxennoro cocroauis B rex cayvasx, Kora warpyska selictayer oaHospemenHo eckomxINC HanpaRneNWAX (peambwaR CHTYaUUR Ae MHOFINX FOHCTpYETHBNLIX aneMeNTOB), MaTepitaa TepseT ynPYCyKO IpowwocTs noa BaMRHHeM pasMMHNErX, COBMECTHO ATICTHYIO- lux Harpy20x. Tip 9TOM cyulecTayeT HecKObKO paxAHNNtArx ‘TOMEK speHA Ha MpUpOAY MPoneXoaAUINK Npoueccos. Panpywenve mamepuarios 3 7.3.4 Kpumepuii bon Muceca (unu meopua «aHep- 2uu Popmousmenenun») Marepnas tepser yopyroere npa yenooun: Vig -sy+6-s) 6-87] rae S), S2, Sy — rianiite Hanpmxenns Teopug nyse acero nprroawa U8 KOBKHX MeTannos. 7.3.2 Kpumepuil Tpecca (unu meopun HauGonbusux xacamensHeix Hanpamenul) $3) am & Teopun Takxe npuroaia ana KOBKIX MeTanO8B. 7.3.3 Teopun nauGonbulux enaentix HanpaxeHuit ‘Fro ynpouteHvan TeopHA, npHroAHas Jie xpyAIKHX MeTAAIOB. ‘Marepuan tepter nposiiocts np yenosit S, nk S, nam S,=35, 7.4 Yeraaoctuoe paspymenne Hxactnsnoie arepnansl, waxoaatuiecs non posaeficrenem YeTaNOCTHIX HarpY90K, MOTYT pENPYLIATRER OT HampRAEHIN, NOTOpMIe 2HaMitTeABMO MeHBILE MIpenenbwo AONYCTHMBIX iviecxan vnoerpauis ycranoctHol! npownocTH npHeeneKa a pic. 7-4, JUix NexoTopbix Marepriaton cyulecTayer «npe- Jaen YeTAnOGTHOH NpOsHOCTIO, MPH KOTOPOM OHM MOTYT epanare (TeOpETHNEEKH) MEOrPAHMEHHOE HCO WAKROD arpyxenuis G23 BHANNEIX enenoD YeranocTHOrO paspyule- na, TIpeaen yeranoctioii nposiocrit aasnci oF paawepoe ‘eran, xavecrsa o6paGoTkH ee NlokepXHOCTH H cBOFieTB Ma- ‘Tepwaa, Ha KoTOporO Oa exenaKA.Paspywenve mamepvance wm _Cnpawosiine manenepa acta os ; Mig S 0388, 0.58 a z § | ced erence 2 Ag es i P/E S he EP i wT 2 fo fe S Amn mo eC ¢ fs ee bb e 2 eg ga 2b S Xapatcrepnete nprsnagu yeratociore paspy weve i eB gi one ILUINE HeLOOpy.RENNLIM FIA TpeULNHEL W «HARA i eg ED § fu wa nonepxwocta waaeai; i fg fe Gh & Gopou (enaunle npw yaemtveNuN) ~ exeRM paxpete- d ig ¢ ga 28 = unit or aelicrana ovaenux Wiks08 war pyaxeiOH; i js =: 3 UeTouUnK panpyWenHA 8 BIE "peu, mawepSaKnL gE 38 vai many wa nonepxHocrH warepiasa z ie ¢ ge BE «7.4.4 Tunusnele sHavenus npedena yemanocmod i fe ge 29 nposwocmu E fu aigily ‘Ta6amua 7.1 Tunscunae nasemnn npeaera yerarocTHol é a & ZE853 aporocra g SS BR ace 3 . ATT Tpadex npornocmy Tpuinenumenort 3 4 2 geiee Mamepuar pu pocmarcenny, "52 yomenoonot i Ig = i ae Go ton in’ toeaema, i fbgsé Tranipracponeran a 3 iegee cram so-140 20-70 a g5ee8 gry 2045 6-16 83 gefag Sivan crane 60-75, 230 goa: i gBEE Tran 85:90 toas Bea ee ‘Anon 1835 sA0 3222 Sarge 28.15 319 Bebe a &23 Mea 3045 Mts96 Crpasoan wonenepa, —Tipeder Toe ppl er, Madr metres MEME pcm a Sa EAGT weed (Ubvin’) Stans Capon) RUMN/m’) —Ra(MNim?) (Nim?) Coornoutenne east 1hsi=1000 689M pa6,89MNm=6,89N/m 7.5 3anac npownocrn Bee rexiMeckwe nates"s mpoekTHpyiores € onpenesenNbins ‘anacom npossiocTH (eM. Ta6s. 7.4). B ocoGo wawbax cnysae fx, TAKHX, HaNpHMEP, KAK KOTAB BELCOKDTO AABAEHHR H NOM “TaGanua 7.4 Tunusiese Kompuunenras sanaca mposHocrit Ovoprdoeanue Roni race | ena a Buna nines cpora cpu — ‘Crate expense Kove (rai) - cranes Sporreatne KOneTPFRIN owen) $4 ‘Saewe Ta KOREN HTATERER ox “Spee KONE TPS RIV TWN senses) 7 63 rowers Kone DOOR 2 (opausowiess) ‘Freer xouerppon canoneTos [1.33 [Crane axa co Tronvenioe oSopyRoHaNnE poor nn) 29 Shauenna noxbrienToe saace NpowocT# HOPMIRYETER MICE ‘eraow Texiieckix cTaNAAPTOR. aspywonve mamepuarce 1 eve Kawi, 3anac npositoetH Hopaposan. B apyrux eny- ‘aax shiGop santaca npowroctH ApowsneAMTes KOHETPYKTOPOM exons ws coGcrsenWoro onuTa 1 wuTyHustH, Cynsapiut xo pdiunent sanaca npowocrH xoaKeH yunTeIBaT: oTHOWIENHE S/S xapaxtep BHEUMeM MarpySKH, walpHMep, cranHueCKOM, uynscupytoutel, pawnowepHol WT, (em. parnen 6); eupeacKasyembie CHTyalUIN, TaKHe, NANpHMEp, KaK aBapHll- nuie reperpySr.A Topwodunawune u menncabwenie Lit 99 Pasden 8 TaGanua 8.1 Odosnavenns (apono. TP Pasiiye unanapa na cep Tepmoaunamuna u TenrooGmenniie fz. Uunnapnecrie xoopavari Parsing 1.8.4 Céepiecxne xoopannars TaGanua 8.1 OGornarenns _ a a x Tirowiast t Bpews eae u—_ Bayrpenniax anepria e CORA TENADEM HOST U_ Kone nepeaasi wa6irroxoro renina & TTenaoesKocte np nocroan¥OM aaaneHitt eo a re TeniaoesKocte np nocroaHHoM o6veme ME coscceeen cee By Awanserp X92 Tpamoyronuabie Koopantarst E La a Tepnuscckas anys © jonwan aueprva Ha eawunnny’stacce en Fo Yncao ype 8 Kondybrun PN pacuinper 3 Tonia ruapoannaniseckoro rpanuinoro com G Haaysenne r - 5 Gr Ueno Ppowora & ons epuecro Fp oro co G2 nex Fpactua ees h flocronsvax Maan e% ——_Bpberrnasoere hg Beans soavoro napa nie Koxuumer noxesoro aeticran ha Koxpaenrrnepenasat mace! npH KoHBeKtHt (at) Paanocrs Tenneparyp hee Koappiuuenr nepenasit tenia np pana K—Koxphatenr aBcopoum J Pagvauns X Alanna sont k Tepwonposomiocts nh ——_Aannseexas exaxocrs Mim) Macca vy —— Kienariseckas nsanocrs Nu nen Hysensra p —— Mnornocrs P Tiponyexiax cnocobiocrs kaMepsi P — Orpioarexatia cnocoSivocrs Pe Mnexo Tleprnera © locromias Creipana ~ Bonsumana Pr Ueno Mpawaraa ae Goer aro P Jasnenne 1 __Kacarensnoe nanpmcciite Q Pacxos rena ee ee __—____ 5 Cxopocre Tenio90ro NGTOKa 8.1 Ocuopnnte saxonb TepmoamnaMMitt q Cxopocts o6pasonarinx Tena wa eannnuty o6uen Jaxowsr tepMoanianrinn sear 8 OCHOBE paGoNnX Npoueccos R Flocronnas wacansHore rast ‘aaa stauini i ysueruisiorea npit Hx MpoexriposaHiH. Hay R Tlocroanuiat yunmepeansHoro rasa SGonee axxnie npnALinAs onpenenaieT npouecees npeDbpare- Re Yreno PeFinansaca bans nOcTyEHLIXHeTONNIKOR TenAOBOM sepra, HaNpHMED 2 Koxppmunenr sarpastenin ‘Tonia 8 rloneaHy¥0 paGory.100 Copacowine mevonegs 8.1.1 Nlepesid saxon lepami sane Tepwonntansien ~ sacrailt enysa pexpautenas a4epruu, OH roBopurT Tow, iro TENIO H peGO- ‘ra— abe sianmoobparabte opsbt aHeprint, To eer: ‘Teno (Ha mNo2e) ~ paGora (Ha nBinorte) ni, # cHMBORBHON siite(3a HoAHOe BDC BHKRA) EaQ Oreroaa, a8 Heissientioro coctoxtuts Te23: Qe dusdw be U~ muytpenian aneprus, 8.1.2 Bmopoil saxon Ou Moser Gtire eLspakex: HecKonskna enoco6avit remtora nepesoair of Tena k KorORy, HO He NaoGOPOT: 8 TepwoaMNavIITecKON UKE KoAHUCCTRO HoARORNOTO ‘Tena nosPRHO Gur» BobiUe, eM KOAMVEETHO TENA, Npe- cGparyemoro & paGory — re, olperenemioe KomsIvecr#O Telia a0s78HO TepsTHe8 Hp RLanomKeMHN paGores; paGowat ik HenoauorkeH Ges HCTORHIKA H Ges Horton KA. TeNIOROM mau aceraa vemsure 100%. 06a saxoHa newar y ccHOwe npmwiina AeifeTeHs TenOHOH Maunns (pie. 8-1), Puc, 8-1 “a 2 EE Sooper mcm cy Tepuoemamuna v menvooGwerae dat 101 8.2 Surpouna, Tipencrasnenne 66 28rponit! Ho2iKAET #3 RIOPOTO 2eKOHI ‘Surrpoms (s) auaserea dynKutell oSparumory aawa6arnue- exo10 npouecea, Ha pwc. 8.2 eavaaas avis 1 paibixs xapstepin semis suaueuce FPO (3). 82 pi crea cast (Opn auvadurivecnnae np oueess v Auaautisccnne sispaxcenue am seaKoro paGovero Tea re s~ a¥xponi 8.3 Surasenua Ourvanunns (A) suaseves coGerBcHHol! xapaxrepHeTHKOH pas Gouero tena. Suranunua hw py (eanmmua ismepenwa - Btu/lbm). ro AAT WOSMOKTOETE SANHEATS ypaaHENHE NeNpEpLLBHOTO noTox aueprun (SFEE) p mae:102 Copano woxevepa 8.4 Apyrwe nonsirun Tyrie nonesnwie evezena 13 Teopi TepMontHast ~enolictna nneansioro rasa PY a constant = R Y =ey/ey (Coorwonienne peconbix TennoeMnocrel) = 1.4; ‘npn nocTosHHoM oBtewe: Q=me (TT) np nocroainoy aanacion: Qa h-home,(T-T) ‘pH nonnrponeckom npouecee: " DY PM WC m paGora rasa = 2% — Pita a Nel 8.5 Tenaoo6menmbie unk.abt Tenosuie asnratesn paGoTavoT m0 uMKraM, mpeacraRaRio- tunis coGoH siizoHmMeHeHHte RapHAHTH nacATBOTO TEpMO- ‘unanieexoro unkna, B aapiciMocr# oT exryaunn, paGo- ‘He Ukr MOxHO HOOGpaxaTE rpabyecky Ha pew HAM Ts amarpawwax (pic. 8-3), Lluxsis nopwnessix waunHH, TaKIX xaK jWemBMKIe ABUTaTeNH HOH NpocTue KOMMpEccopss, Tpa- AuHOHHO NoxasBIEaIOT Ha pv AMarpamwax. [ne WUKIOB XO- AOAWABHBIX H napocitrOBLIX yeTaHOBOK nyse noaxonAT T-s awarpamoss. 8.6 Utes napoenaonsix yeranonox PaGora ncex raponsrx ryp6ii, NenamkayeMGrx Ane NpOHSROR- tea oeerpHecKol icin MexaHITYeCROH aHepFHM, poHCXO- wr no euxonayevennbin unknan Parthia, JLiw nosbiuieni 7a, uw HenomsyI0T eneuHauMie crocoBU, TaKHE KaK rneperpen napa, noeropiui narpes, pereteparnansilinoxo- pee nurrateasioR sons (pnc. 84). Tepwoduvomura w mennoo6uoHniv WUAPWt 103 Puc 83 P {Pox reerai upenn anwrarete One T% ! nate t Oe . yer oxen ana p mee “oyncrynenerik asaya omnpescop (E mpoucxyrownin cxsaasenn)Tepmodunaiuna u mennoctwenite Wat los hos Cromoen ener Pac. 84 Pu 85 * soe, Me? mee iowsevearor eperpennems\_| § slasoe—orpenarene Mase Pereneparuan nines enepepeeow napa tarpon mrarenb waa 8.7 Cooliersa napa Tap woxer naxowieTbex 8 oaHOM 1 Tpex cocTomMIt: ‘BABKHOM (HRI «HaCtALLENONY) « nauet eyxoro napa (3); reporpenoM (3H ayXOM). Zon panansunsx coctoni nepa venonssytoren eTanaapriie (onnaonsn Figg hg (Pue. 8-5). Caotcrsa napa mrt pas- Anvnuix cocrORNNs MOFyT Gis Hafinent w nyGnunyeMK “cana napa». HawGonbuzee pacnpocrpavenme nunyniak “aaa vacstenworo apa Haast neperpevor® napa Tyner napoeios0f yeranounie neperpenow w ROBOPOTIN PERO 13)

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