JUST HISTORY FOR

COMMIT BASIC
SERIES SCHOOL 3
(IN (BASED ON NEW
SIMPLE GES NACCA
ENGLISH) CURRICULUM)
HISTORY FOR B. S. 3 | Janix K. Asare
 HISTORY FOR BASIC SCHOOL 3 (BASED ON NEW GES NACCA CURRICULUM)

Contents
COPYRIGHT ............................................................................................................................................. 2
TERM 1: ................................................................................................................................................... 3
STRAND 2: MY COUNTRY GHANA .......................................................................................................... 3
Sub-Strand 1: The People of Ghana (Week 1-2) .................................................................................... 3
WEEK 1: The Ethnic Groups of Ghana ................................................................................................. 3
WEEK 2: The Origins of the Ethnic Groups Of Ghana ............................................................... 4
WEEK 3: Song About The Origins of the Ethnic Groups Of Ghana ......................................... 5
WEEK 4: Work on The Ethnic Groups and Their Origins .......................................................... 6
Sub-Strand 2: INTER-GROUP RELATIONS (Week 5-9) ............................................................ 7
WEEK 5: The Forms of Exchanges Among The Ethnic Groups............................................... 7
WEEK 6: The Benefits and Sources of Exchanges Among The Ethnic Groups .................... 8
WEEK 7: Medium of Exchanges Among The Ethnic Groups .................................................... 9
WEEK 8: Conflicts and Alliances among Ethnic Groups ......................................................... 10
WEEK 9: Work on Inter-Group Relations ................................................................................... 11
TERM 2 ................................................................................................................................................ 12
Sub-Strand 4: MAJOR HISTORICAL LOCATIONS (Week 10-12) ........................................ 12
Week 10: Forts and Castles ......................................................................................................... 12
Week 11: History and Uses of Forts and Castles in Ghana .................................................... 13
Week 12: Work on Forts and Castles in Ghana ........................................................................ 14
Sub-Strand 5: Some Selected Individuals (Week 13-14) ....................................................... 15
Week 13: Some Important Ghanaian Entrepreneurs ....................................................................... 15
Week 14: Work on Identifying Some Important Ghanaians..................................................... 16
STRAND 3: EUROPEANS IN GHANA .......................................................................................... 17
Sub-Strand 1: Arrival of the Europeans (Week 15-16) ........................................................... 17
Week 15: How the Europeans settled on the Gold Coast ................................................................ 17
Week 16: Work on How the Europeans settled on the Gold Coast ....................................... 18
REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................... 19

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COPYRIGHT
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,

stored on, or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in

any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying,

recording or otherwise) without prior permission, of the publisher.

Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this

publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims

for damages.

First published in Ghana

ISBN: 9798815350250

April: 2022

By Just Commit Foundation

Obuasi

Ashanti, Ghana

Website: justcommit.org Email:justcommitfoundation@gmail.com

© Janix K. Asare, 2022

Printed and bound in Obuasi, Ashanti

Contact: 0246 573 743 or 0209 54 17 16

DEDICATION: I dedicate this book to the Almighty God, my family and

you.

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 HISTORY FOR BASIC SCHOOL 3 (BASED ON NEW GES NACCA CURRICULUM)

TERM 1:

STRAND 2: MY COUNTRY GHANA

Sub-Strand 1: The People of Ghana (Week 1-2)

Objective(s): You will be able to identify the major ethnic
groups in Ghana.
WEEK 1: The Ethnic Groups of Ghana
(SAY AND SPELL)

An Ethnic Group is large group of people with common ancestor and

culture.

There are five (5) Ethnic Groups in the sixteen (16) administrative

regions of Ghana.

The five (5) major Ethnic Groups of Ghana are

1. Ewe

2. Akan

3. Guan and Gonja

4. Mole-Dagbani

5. Ga-Adangbe

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WEEK 2: The Origins of the Ethnic Groups Of Ghana

Objective: You will be able to identify the origins of the major

ethnic groups in Ghana.

Some of the ethnic groups

migrated from old Ghana empire
which covered the area presently
occupied by parts of Mauritania,
Senegal and Mali.

1. The Mole-Dagbani group came

from around Lake Chad and settled
at Bawku and Gambaga.

2. The Ewe’s came from Benin

and settled at the Keta Lagoon, Ho
and Kpando.

3. The Ga- Adangbes came from Nigeria and settled at the

Eastern Coast of Ghana.

4. The Akans migrated from the Egypt, Middle East,

Yurobaland and Ethiopia and settled at the Pra Valley and the
Offin River;

5. The Gonja’s migrated from Sierra Leone and settled at

Northern Ghana and conquered the Guans.

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WEEK 3: Song About The Origins of the Ethnic Groups Of

Ghana
Objective: You will be able to sing a song about the origins of

the major ethnic groups in Ghana.

RECITE / SING AND SPELL THE KEY WORDS

THE ORIGINS OF OUR PEOPLE

The Akans came from Ethiopia

Ga- Adangbe from Nigeria

Mole-Dagbani from Lake Chad

Ewes came from Benin

And Sierra Leone gave us Gonja.

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WEEK 4: Work on The Ethnic Groups and Their Origins

Complete the Table Below using the options A-E provided
ETHNIC ORIGIN: WHERE THEY SETTLED:
GROUP
A. Lake Chad A. Bawku and Gambaga,

B. Eastern Coast
B. Benin
C. Keta Lagoon, Ho and
C. Nigeria Kpando

D. Ethiopia D. Northern Ghana

E. Sierra Leone E. Pra Valley and the Offin

River,

1. Akan

2. Ga-

Adangbe

3. Mole-

Dagbani

4. Ewe

5. Gonja

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Sub-Strand 2: INTER-GROUP RELATIONS (Week 5-9)

WEEK 5: The Forms of Exchanges Among The Ethnic Groups

Objective: You will be able to identify the nature of exchanges
among the ethnic groups.

FORMS OF EXCHANGES

Forms of Exchanges are the ways we give out and get things from
others. The people of the different ethnic groups gave out and got things
through: 1. Trade 2. Inter-marriage 3. Conflict and Alliances

1. Trade: The people of the different ethnic groups bought from and sold
among themselves. They exchanged among ethnic groups things
like salt, fish, gold, kola, Shea butter, pottery and cloth and iron
utensils.

Gold Fish
Cloth

2. Inter-marriage: Inter-marriage is when the people from different

culture, race or religion marry. The people of the different ethnic
groups married each other for love. During the marriage ceremony,
they receive or give out bride price and other things such as fowl,
schnapps, cow, goat, sheep, cloth, gold, kola, iron utensils and
land.

3. Conflict and Alliances: During conflict such as wars, some of the

Ethnic groups form alliances meaning they join together, receive or
give out weapons such as guns, bow and arrow. They also
exchange cow, goat and sheep as food and share land.

Gun and Gun powder used for wars

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WEEK 6: The Benefits and Sources of Exchanges Among

The Ethnic Groups
Objectives: 1. You will be able to identify the benefit of these exchanges.
2. You will be able to match the items with the areas /
sources where the items were obtained.

The Benefits of Exchanges among the Ethnic Groups

1. Food: The Exchanges provided food from crops and animals.

2. Peace and Security: Marriage, Trade and Alliance brought love

and understanding among the Ethnic Groups and prevented wars.

3. Development: The exchanges among the Ethnic groups

provided raw materials and land to promote the growth of villages.

The Areas / Sources Where The Items Were

Obtained

Things The Areas / Major Ethnic

Exchanged Sources Groups
1. Kola Savannah Belt 1. Mole-
2. Shea butter Dagbani
3. Leather 2. Gonja

4. Gold Forest Belt Akans

5. Cloth
6. Salt Coastal Belt 1. Ga-Adangbe
7. Fish 2. Ewe

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WEEK 7: Medium of Exchanges Among The Ethnic Groups

Objective: 1. You will be able to define medium of exchange.

2. Discuss the change from barter trade system to the use

cowry shells as a medium of exchange

RECITE / SING

BARTER TO CEDIE

Trade without currency is Barter

You exchange one thing for another

But how much gold for kola?

How do you avoid cheating? Cowry Shells called ‘cedie’

By using Cowry Shells now ‘cedi’.

Medium of Exchange
Medium of Exchange is a the material used to measure the
value and quantity of the things we buy and sell. Examples of medium of exchange
are: 1. Paper or coin money
2. Cowry Shells called ‘sedie’

The Change From Barter Trade System To the Use Cowry Shells
At first, the Ethnic groups bought and sold things through Barter Trade.
Barter Trade is a system of trade whereby we exchange one thing for another thing
without using currency. For example giving out gold for fish. But the ethnic groups
were confused. They did not know the value or how many kola they should give out
for gold. Therefore some people felt cheated. Therefore in order to avoid cheating,
they introduced Cowry Shells called ‘cedie’ by the Akans as a medium of exchange.
The Cowry Shells called ‘cedie’ was then counted as the value of the things people
bought and sold. Cowry Shells called ‘cedie’ was then used as we use paper and
coin money today. The Cowry Shells called ‘cedie’ was used to pay for the things
they bought untill they stopped barter trade.
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WEEK 8: Conflicts and Alliances among Ethnic Groups

Objective: You will be able to describe the conflicts and alliances that
existed among the ethnic groups.

Which ethnic groups were engaged in wars in the past?

Which ethnic groups came together to fight a war?

Conflict occurs when two or more parties fight over something.

In the olden days the Ethnic Groups fought each other over many things.

Alliance is a union between two or more parties to achieve a goal. In the

olden days, some Tribes formed an Alliance to fight a common enemy.
This means that some Tribes joined with other tribes to fight a common
enemy for various reasons.

Reasons for Conflicts and Alliance:

1. To get more land or space.

2. To trade or buy and sell more items.

3. To get peace and safety away from bad rulers.

4. To become stronger by joining forces such

as solders and weapons.

Gun and Gun Powder

used in war
Examples of Conflicts and Alliance

1. During The Battle of Akatamanso, the Asante army was defeated by

an alliance made up of the British, Ga, Fante, Akyem, Akwamu, Krepi
and Denkyira,

2. The Battle of Feyiase

3. The Krepi war of 1833

4. Anlo/Asante in the Ada War of 1869

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WEEK 9: Work on Inter-Group Relations

1. ................... was not a form of exchange among the ethnic groups in the

Gold Coast. A. Trade B. Inter-marriage C. Conflict and Alliances

2. .................. was not a reason for Conflicts and Alliance in Gold Coast.

A. Land or space B. buying/selling more items C. Peace and safety

3. Cowry shells was used to replace Barter Trade in order to avoid ..................

A. marriage B. cheating C. war

4. ............was the medium of exchange that replaced Barter Trade in the Gold
Coast.
A. Paper or coin money B. Cowry Shells or ‘sedie’ C. Mobile Money

5. Copy and complete the table below.

One Things Exchanged The Areas / Sources Ethnic groups
. Savannah Belt 1. Mole-Dagbani
2. Gonja
Forest Belt Akans
. Coastal Belt 1. Ga-Adangbe
2. Ewe

6. Identify three (3) benefits of exchanges among the Ethnic Groups.

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................

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TERM 2
Sub-Strand 4: MAJOR HISTORICAL LOCATIONS (Week 10-12)

Week 10: Forts and Castles

Objective: You will be able to identify the differences between forts and
castles.

The Difference Between A Fort And Castle

When the Europeans arrived in Gold Coast, they built many forts and
castles.

A fort is a strong fortified structure occupied by troops and weapons.

Forts have works such as protective barriers and long walls. Forts have
weapons and troops that one can use to resist attack.

Fort St. Jago in Elmina

A castle is a large fortified residential place for a leader.

When there is an attack, soldiers or troops fight from the forts to protect
those who are not soldiers at the castle.

Cape Coast Castle

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Week 11: History and Uses of Forts and Castles in Ghana

Objectives: You will be able to:

1. Know the history of some Forts and Castles in Ghana.

2. Identify how the uses of forts and castles change over time.

History of some Forts and Castles in Ghana

Name Location Builders Year Built
Elmina (St. George) Elmina Portuguese 1482
Castle
Osu (Christiansburg) Accra Portuguese 1500
Castle
Cape Coast Castle Cape Coast Portuguese 1555
Fort St. Jago Elmina Portuguese 1555-1662
Fort Orange Sekondi Dutch 1640
Fort Vredenburg Komenda Dutch 1688-89
Fort Victoria Cape Coast English 1702

Uses of Forts and Castle

When the Europeans arrived, they built Forts and Castles:

1. To protect their trade from other European Competitors and other unfriendly
African Countries. Example the Portuguese used Fort St. Jago to keep weapons and
soldiers.

2. To store their trade items and slaves. For example the castles were used to store
slaves and items such as Cloth, Gold and ivory they traded.

3. To serve as the Seat of government. For example the British used the castles as
their offices for their Governors and leaders to colonize Gold Coast. The

4. To educate the local people: Some castles were used to teach some local people
to help the Europeans to easily communicate and trade.

After independence some castles are used as:

1. Seat of government for the Presidents. Example is the Osu Castle.

2. Tourist Attraction: Currently most of the forts and Castles are used as Tourist
sites to tell the story about our rich culture heritage.

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Week 12: Work on Forts and Castles in Ghana

1. A .................is a strong fortified structure occupied by troops and

weapons. A. Fort B. House C. Castle

2. .......................................Castle was the first castle built by the

Portuguese in 1482. A. Osu B. Tema C. Kumasi

3. When the Europeans arrived, they built Forts and Castles to...........

A. protect their trade B. serve as tourist attraction C. play games

4. After independence some castles ..........................

A. protect our trade B. serve as tourist attraction C. are used for war

5. Fort Orange in Sekondi was built by the Dutch in the year ................

A. 2000 B. 2021 C. 1640

6. What is a castle?

....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................

7. List two (2) castles built by the Europeans in Ghana.

...................................................................................................

8. State one (1) fort built by the Europeans in Ghana.

................................................................................................................

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Sub-Strand 5: Some Selected Individuals (Week 13-14)

Objective(s): You will be able to describe the contributions of some outstanding
Ghanaian entrepreneurs.

Week 13: Some Important Ghanaian Entrepreneurs

An Entrepreneur is someone who takes on the risk of starting a new business.
The following are some outstanding Ghanaian entrepreneurs and their contributions.

1. J.K. Siaw was the

Founder of Tata
Brewery-
which was the Largest
African-owned Brewery
company in west
1. J.K. Siaw Africa.

2. Esther Ocloo was the

 Founder of Nkulenu
Industries
 Pioneer of Micro Loans
 Co-Founder of
Women’s World
Banking
2. Esther Ocloo

3. Alhaji Adam Iddrisu

3. Alhaji Adam Iddrisu
started many businesses
in Insurance, Banking,
Transport, Cocoa
Merchant, Construction
and Real Estate,
Farming

4. George ‘Paa’ Grant

was a successful
Timber Merchant in
Ghana, London,
Liverpool and
Hamburg.
4. George ‘Paa’ Grant

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Week 14: Work on Identifying Some Important Ghanaians

Match the following outstanding Ghanaian entrepreneurs to their
contributions.

The Founder of Tata

Brewery- which was
the Largest African-
owned Brewery
company in west
Africa.
1. J.K. Siaw

Started many businesses

in Insurance, Banking,
Transport, Cocoa
Merchant, Construction
and Real Estate,
Farming

2. Esther Ocloo

She was:
 Founder of Nkulenu
Industries
 Pioneer of Micro Loans
and
 Co-Founder of
Women’s World
3. Alhaji Adam Iddrisu
Banking

He was a
successful Timber
Merchant in
Ghana, London,
Liverpool and
4. George ‘Paa’ Grant Hamburg.

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STRAND 3: EUROPEANS IN GHANA

Sub-Strand 1: Arrival of the Europeans (Week 15-16)

Week 15: How the Europeans settled on the Gold Coast
Objectives: You will be able to describe how the Europeans settled on Gold Coast.

The First Europeans that settled on Gold Coast.

1. The citizens of Portugal were the first Europeans that came to Ghana in the year

1471. The Portuguese met with the Chief of Elmina called Nana Kwamina Ansah.

2. The Portuguese first settled at Elmina at built the Elmina castle to protect the

Portuguese trade from other European Competitors and other unfriendly African

Countries. They were sent by Prince Henry the Navigator and led by Don Diego d’

Azambuja.

Why other Europeans also settled on the Gold Coast

1. Other Europeans also came to trade items and buy slaves to work on their

plantations.

2. Also, the citizens of Britain came in the year 1553. Other European citizens of

France, Sweden, Germany, (Brandenburg) Denmark, Norway and last the

Netherlands came to Ghana.

How the Europeans settled on the Gold Coast

The Europeans settled on the Gold Coast by:

1. Building castles and forts to protect themselves and their trade.

2. Forming alliances with the local chiefs for war and trade

3. Marrying the local people.

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Week 16: Work on How the Europeans settled on the Gold Coast

1. The citizens of ...... were the first Europeans that came to Ghana in the year 1471.

A. Portugal B. USA C. Canada

2. The Portuguese met with the Chief of Elmina called .........................

A. Prince Henry the Navigator B.Nana Kwamina Ansah C. Don Diego d’ Azambuja

3. The Portuguese first settled at .............. A. Cape Coast B. Elmina C. Saltpond

4. The Europeans settled ........... A. for war B. to trade C. for sports

5. Slaves were bought by the Europeans purposely to work at their .........................

A. plantations B. offices C. hospitals

6. List three countries whose citizens settled on Gold Coast.

.............................................

............................................

............................................

7. State two ways on how the Europeans settled on the Gold Coast

The Europeans settled on the Gold Coast by:

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

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NOTES
HISTORY FOR BASIC SCHOOL 3 (BASED ON NEW GES NACCA CURRICULUM)

NOTES
 HISTORY FOR BASIC SCHOOL 3 (BASED ON NEW GES NACCA CURRICULUM)

ABOUT THE BOOK

What is History?

History is the study of past events. Our past can be just few

seconds ago or yesterday.

This book covers why and how we study history, how to simply

create history records by writing about a past event or

sketching a community. You will also have the opportunity to

learn about the heritage of Ghana, its independence and the

effects of the Europeans in Ghana.

© Janix. K. Asare, 2022

ISBN: 9798815350250

First published in Ghana

May: 2022
By Just Commit Foundation
Obuasi Ashanti, Ghana
Website:justcommit.org

Email:justcommitfoundation@gmail.com

Printed and bound in Obuasi, Ashanti