Chapter 3

Research Methodology

3.1 Research Overview

Research refers to step wise study of a basic problem to understand all of its aspects and to add
on the knowledge on such aspect. Process of research discovers truth, hidden concepts, facts,
and synthesise them in new-theory along with suggestions for new-application.
In the words of Random Morey “Research is a systematic effort to acquire new information.”
The term "researches are an honest, exhaustive, intelligent search for facts, their meanings or
implications in relation to a given problem" is defined by P.M Cook in its comprehensive and
fundamental sense. An authentic, verifiable and contribution towards the knowledge in the
area studied should be the product or results of the specific research.

3.2 Research Problem

3.3 Research Objectives

The aims of this micro study are as follows:

3.4 Hypothesis of the Study

ONLY IF HAVE FRAMED IN YOUR STUDY

3.5 Research Methodology

Research Methodology; help to get out from the problem which a researcher found. It can be
understood as the science of the study of scientific research. Therefore, the researcher has used
the following methodology process.

Fi
gure 3.1: Research Process in Flow Figure
(Source: Gupta C.B., Research Methodology (second revised edition), p. 11.)

3.6 Research Design

Research design tells us about the detailed framework of the investigation. It contains details
regarding the process of collecting primary or secondary data, instruments required for the study,
manner of using instruments and conscious methods to analyse the collected data.
For this purposes various methods in accordance to quantitative and qualitative were adopted,
research was used to derive conceptual data &information of the present position to elaborate the
actual picture in the context of the phenomena of the subject matter, while quantitative methods
were adopted tohighlight the important factsand thereby presenting statistical relationship among
the variants studied.

3.7 Data Collection Methodology

Both sources, primary and secondary have been used for collection of data in the present study.
 1. First-hand Information: The information gathered through questionnaire which has
been the information of the ………………A questionnaire contains various parts such as
……………………The number of questionnaires (550 in total), were distributed from
which523 questionnaires were received. From these questionnaires, 496 (completed ones)
questionnaires were scrutinized, and were taken for the study. It is a practical study
conducted in ………..district of Rajasthan. Respondents were interviewed by the use of
questionnaire to get the right information.
2. Secondary Data: Many studies have been carried on several studies of this type have
been conducted. A review of the related literature, such as textbooks, journals, papers,
publications, articles, and research papers, aided in relevant data collection for the study.
The Internet is essential for gathering relevant data for the study.

3.7.1 Questionnaire Design

Questionnaire was prepared to achieve the objectives of the study which carries three areas:

3.8 Sampling Design

It is not practicable, and even prohibitively expensive, to gather data from the entire population;
instead, smaller portions of unit sample have been used to reflect the relevant features of the full
population. In the present study sample has been selected from Alwar district of Rajasthan.

3.8.1 Population

Sampling is a method of picking a portion of representative units from a target respondent in

order to collect data. The target audience for this study is the 46529 Self Help Groups that are
active in 16 districs of Alwar as of 2019. These self-help groups were getting the facility of loan
under NABARD.

3.8.2 Sampling Technique

The sample size was determined via non-probability judgement sampling. This technique is often
referred to as purposeful sampling and authoritative sampling. Instead of employing
conventional probability sampling approaches, judgmental sampling is utilised when the
speciality of an authority may pick a more representative sample that can produce more accurate
results. The procedure entails nothing more than purposefully individuals handpicked from the
community, based on the authorities or the researcher’s knowledge, and judging while keeping
the entire area and population under investigation in mind. It is also possible to utilize
judgmental sampling to obtain a representative sample provided the researcher knows a credible
professional or authority. In present study our population into strata is as follow:

Rajasthan

Alwar District

Bansur Behrur Govindgarh Kathumar Kishangarh Kotkasim

Bas

Laxmangarh Malkheda Mandawar Neemrana Rajgarh Ramgarh

Reni Thanagarh Tijara Umren

Figure 3.3: Sample of the Study

(Source: Primary Observation)
The study was conducted in sixteen blocks of Alwar district. Equal numbers of respondents from
all the blocks were taken namely; Bansur, Behrur, Govindgarh, Kathumar, kishangarh, kotkasim,
Laxmangarh, Malkheda, Mandawar, Neemrana, Rajgarh, Ramgarh, Reni, Thanagahi, Tijara and
Umren.

3.9 Universe of the Study

Since the target population is finite, total number of SHGs in the Alwar district is 46529;
therefore, sample size was taken as 500 women of SHG located in Alwar district of Rajasthan.
Owing to the risk of non-responses, 550 people as a sample was taken as an effective sample
size. The study had a sample size of 550 people, and 550 questionnaires were delivered to collect
data.
A sample size of 550 women of SHG in Alwar district of Rajasthan have been considered. This
sample comprised 550 respondents of different age groups; professions and levels of income.

Sample Size Formula

Krejcie-Morgan Formula

x2 NP (1-P)
n=
e2 (N-1) + x2P(1-P)

N=46295

x2= 3.841

P=0.5

e= 0.05

 In this study sample size is calculating for 6200000 population size (N)

3.841 * (46295*0.5) * (1-0.5)

n=
(0.05)2 * (46295-1) + 3.841 *0.5(1-0.5)

3.841 * 23147.5 * 0.5

n=
0.0025 * 46294 + 0.96025

44454.77
n=
116.70
 n= 380

In case the target population is finite, the above (Krejcie& Morgan, 1970) can be used to
determine the sample size. Since the target population is finite, total number of SHGs in the
Alwardisctric is 46529, so according to Krejcie& Morgan, 1970, sample size will be
380respondents. There has been many incidences and risks of non-response by respondents and
380 is small number of samples therefore sample size was taken as 400women of SHG located in
Alwar district of Rajasthan. Owing to the rick of non-responses, 550 employees as a sample was
taken as the effective sample size for the study and 550 questionnaires were distributed to collect
the data.

A total of 550 questionnaires were distributed, out of which 521 questionnaires were received.
After scrutinizing, 496 completed questionnaires were finalized to be used for the present study.
So final sample size for the present study was 496women of SHGin Alwar district of Rajasthan.

Table 3.1: Sampling Techniques

1 Sampling Method Non-probability judgement sampling
2 Sample size 496 women of SHG
3 Area of Survey Alwar district of Rajasthan

(Source: Primary Observation)

Sample break-up:

Table 3.2: Size of Sample of the Study

S. No. District Block No. of SHGs Sample

1. Alwar Bansur 2619 31

2. Alwar Behrur 1718 31

3. Alwar Govindgarh 1318 31

4. Alwar Kathumar 1581 31

5. Alwar Kishangarh 324 31

 6. Alwar Kotkasim 11953 31

7 Alwar Laxmangarh 15786 31

8. Alwar Malkheda 3126 31

9. Alwar Mandawar 3210 31

10. Alwar Neemrana 204 31

11. Alwar Rajgarh 2519 31

12. Alwar Ramgarh 187 31

13. Alwar Reni 183 31

14. Alwar Thanagahi 430 31

15. Alwar Tijara 197 31

16. Alwar Umren 1147 31

(Source: Primary Observation)

The following table shows that we chose to collect data from an equal number of respondents,
i.e. 31 respondents.

3.10 Scope of the Study

The study completely focuses on the microfinance impact on women empowerment through
SHGs. analyse the effectiveness of SHG Microfinance over Female Empowerment. For
analysing determinants of this study sixteen blocks of Alwar district were undertaken.

The reason for considering only Alwar district of Rajasthan is that I am staying in
Alwar which makes it feasible for me to collect the data. My study has been carried out among
the women of SHG's in the Alwar district. For the present study sixteen blocks have been
considered, it has been found that 80.85% of the respondents are from rural area, 5.04% are from
the urban area whereas 14.11% are from the semi-urban area of Alwar. Majority of the
respondents from rural areas were illiterate thereby it increased the time of collecting data,
making it impossible for me to conduct the study at the state level.
Results were drawn with the help of questionnaires. The study's main goal was to learn the
influence of microfinance through SHGs on women's empowerment. The result of the study will
be beneficial to the women of SHGs, banks etc.
Though in future a study can be take place with other districts of Rajasthan, moreover a
comparative study can also be done.

3.11 Variable Measurements

Variables refer to the final forms on which study is conducted. Parameters for analysis have been
defined on the basis of the hypothesis mentioned above. In simple words variable is the value
which varies and is measured for the purposes of a study.
1. Dependent variables
2. Independent variables

3.12 Data-Analysis Tools

Post completion of data-collection, they are required to be arranged &analyzed to derive

conclusions. Various statistical tools for example, percentage analysis have been employed the
purposes of this study.