X SIMPLE IKEXPESSIVE CALORIMETER FOR

DETERlIINIKG THE HEAT O F SOLVTIOK

AND O F ?TEUTRL1LIZXTIOK

BY ERXEST AXDERSON -AKD H. A . S O Y E S

The apparatus consists of a wide-mouth Dewar bulb of
about 450 cc capacity This is
closed by a rubber stopper with
two holes. Through one hole
passes a Beckmann thermometer,
and through the other, as a n in-
let to the stirrer, passes a glass
tube three inches long, extend-
ing just inside the stopper. Both
the thermometer and the tube
should fit tightly. The stirrer is
a glass spatula, 11-ith a blade ap-
proximately two inches long and
one-half inch wide, to the handle
of which is sealed a glass rod
twelve inches long The shaft of
the stirrer is passed through the
glass tube in the stopper which
acts as one bearing Then a
small wooden pulley is fastened
on the shaft, and above the pulley
a second piece of glass tubing as
a second bearing for the shaft
The apparatus is fastened to an
iron ring stand and driven by a
water or an electric motor (Fig. I ) .
To determine t h e w a t e r
equivalent of the calorimeter, 2 0 0
cc of water a t about 8' above
the room temperature is put in
- Fig. I
We used a:dzde mouth,"Thermos" bottle with aluminium case.
250 Ernest Anderson and H.A . Noyes
the calorimeter. The stirrer is started and the Beckmann
thermometer is read each minute. As soon as the drop
in temperature becomes constant, the temperature is read
and 2 0 0 cc of water a t room temperature is quickly poured,
into the calorimeter. The temperature of this water must
be read on a Beckmann thermometer which has been
compared with the one in the calorimeter. The water is
stirred vigorously and the temperature drops in two minutes
to its lowest point, and then begins to fall very slowly. If
a and b are the weights of the hot and the cold water, these
can be obtained from the temperature and the volume-
c and d the changes in the temperature of the hot and the cold
water and x the water equivalent of the calorimeter; we have

To determine the heats of solution and of neutralization,

the directions of any standard text on physical chemistry
are used.
The following table contains a list of the values ob-
tained with the calorimeter, no special precautions or correc-
tions being observed :
- ~~

1 2 3 Av. , Usual value

iyater equiya-
lent 1 2 . 4 gs. IO. 7 gs. 1 1 . 6 gs. 1 1 .j gs.
Heat of solution
of KNO, -8300 -8290 -8320 -8303 -8 jOO
Heat of solution
of NH,Cl -3877 -3843 -3860 -3880
Heat of neut. of
Ba(OH),
by HC1 '3,977 13,984 13,932 13,964 13,850

When the calorimeter contains 400 cc of water a t room

temperature and the stirrer is running vigorously, there is a
per minute. When
rise in temperature of less than 0 . 0 0 1 ~
the temperature of the water is 9' above or below room tem-
perature the loss or gain in temperature is 0.01O per minute.
 A S i m p l e Inexpensive Calorimeter 251

The accuracy of the calorimeter could be increased by

using the larger size Dewar bulb or quart “Thermos” bottle
and by converting it into an adiabatic calorimeter according
to the method of Richards.’
The calorimeter has given satisfaction in the hands of
students, the purpose for which it was designed.
Depurirnext o j Chemzstij
~liissuchuseftsrlguzculturai College

Jour. Am. Chem. SOC.,32, Z~’-Z;+ (1910).