University of Mosul

College of Engineering
Architectural Department
Lecturer: Tuqa Waleed Ahmed

* Example (4):
The 1000−kg uniform bar AB is suspended from two cables AC and BD; each with
cross−sectional area 400mm2 . Find the magnitude P and location x of the largest
additional vertical force that can be applied to the bar. The stresses in AC and
BD are limited to 100 MPa and 50 MPa, respectively.
* Solution:
w = mg = 1000 9.81 = 9.8 kN

PAC = AAC σAC = 400 100 = 40 kN.

PBD = ABD σBD = 400 50 = 20 kN.

from the free body diagram:
Fy = 0

40 + 20 − 9.81 − P = 0
P = 50.2 kN 𝐏𝐀𝐂 𝐏𝐁𝐃

MA = 0

−20 2 + 9.81 1 + P x = 0

x = 0.6016 m from A. 𝐖

* Example (5):
The A homogeneous 150 kg bar AB carries a 2kN force as shown in Figure. The bar is
supported by a pin at B and a 10mm-diameter cable CD. Determine the stress in the
cable ?
* Solution:

MB = 0
4m
4
−2000 6 − 150 9.81 3 + P 3 =0
5 3m 3m
P = 6840 N.

PCD 6840N 2kN

σCD = =
ACD π 10 2
mm2 P
4
5
σCD = 87.1 MPa. A 3
4
B

2kN W
3m 3m
 University of Mosul
College of Engineering
Architectural Department
Lecturer: Tuqa Waleed Ahmed

* Shear Stress:
By definition, normal stress acting on an interior plane is directed
perpendicular to that plane. Shear stress, on the other hand, is tangent
to the plane on which it acts. Shear stress arises whenever the applied
loads cause one section of a body to slide past its adjacent section.
Three examples of shear stress are illustrated in Fig. 3.

Fig. 3 shows two plates that are joined by a rivet.

As seen in the FBD, the rivet must carry the shear force V = P.

Because only one cross section of the rivet resists the shear, the rivet is
said to be in single shear.

Fig. 3 Single Shear in a rivet.

* Shear Stress:
The bolt of the clevis in Fig. 4 carries the load P across two cross-
sectional areas, the shear force being V = P/2 on each cross section.
Therefore, the bolt is said to be in a state of double shear.

Fig. 4 Double Shear in a bolt.

 University of Mosul
College of Engineering
Architectural Department
Lecturer: Tuqa Waleed Ahmed

* Shear Stress:
In Fig. 5 a circular slug is being punched out of a metal sheet. Here the
shear force is P and the shear area is similar to the milled edge of a coin.

Fig. 5 shear in a metal sheet produced by a punch.

* Shear Stress:
The loads shown in Figs. (3-5) are sometimes referred to as direct shear
to distinguish them from the induced shear. The distribution of direct
shear stress is usually complex and not easily determined. It is common
practice to assume that the shear force V is uniformly distributed over the
shear area A, so that the shear stress can be computed from

𝐕
𝛕= … (2)
𝐀

Strictly speaking, Eq. (2) must be interpreted as the average shear stress.
It is often used in design to evaluate the strength of connectors, such as
rivets, bolts, and welds.
 University of Mosul
College of Engineering
Architectural Department
Lecturer: Tuqa Waleed Ahmed

* Example (1):
Find the smallest diameter bolt that can be used in the clevis shown in
Fig. 1-11b if P = 400 kN. The shearing strength of the bolt is 300 MPa.
* Solution:

The bolt is subjected to double shear

𝐏 𝐏
V = τA
1
400(1000) = 300 2 πd2
4

d = 29.13 mm.

* Example (2):
What force is required to punch a 20-mm-diameter hole in a plate that is
25 mm thick? The shear strength is 350 MN/m2 .
* Solution:
The resisting area is the shaded
area along the perimeter and the
shear force V is equal to the
punching force P.

V = τA

P = 350 π 20 25

P = 549 778.7 N

P = 549.8 kN