3.
Administrative governance- the system
LESSON 1 GOOD GOVERNANCE AND
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Governance- broader term than government
Government- it is name given to the entity
exercising that authority.
Authority- can most simply define as legitimate
power.
Power- ability to influence the behavior of others,
Weber- distinguished between three kinds of
authority.
1. traditional authority- rooted in history,
2. charismatic authority- stems from personality
3. Legal-authority- grounded in a set of
impersonal rules.
Heywood- Government is closely related to politics.
Politics- the art of government
Politicians- are described as “political”
Civil servants- are seen as “non political”
Raymund Burke- civil society consists of little
platoons, institutions such as the family and kinship
groups.
The Institute on Governance- governance as
the process whereby societies or organizations make
their important decisions determines who has voice.
Governance has three legs:
1. Economic governance- decision-making
processes that affect a country's economic
activities
2. Political governance- process of decision-
making to formulate policy.
of policy implementation.
UNDP- believes that developing the capacity of good
governance is the primordial way to eliminate poverty.
Five aspects to sustainable human development
1. Empowerment- expansion of men and
women's capabilities
2. Co-operation- a sense of belonging
important for personal fulfillment,
3. Equity- expansion of capabilities and
opportunities
4. Sustainability- needs of this generation
must be met without compromising the right of
future generations
5. Security- People needs to be freed from
threats.
UNDP focuses on four critical elements of
sustainable human development:
1. eliminating poverty,
2. creating jobs and sustaining livelihoods
3. protecting and regenerating the environment
4. Promoting the advancement of women.
Poor governance- can put organizations at risk of
commercial failure.
Reasons why organizations should adopt good
governance
 To preserve and strengthen stakeholder
confidence
 To provide the foundation for a high-performing
organization
 To ensure the organization is well placed to
respond to a changing external environment
Lesson 2 the Key Actors in Governance
1. State- principal actor of government
  Enabler- provides for the legal and regulatory
framework
 Resource provider- facilitates by providing
resources to assist markets and communities.
2. Private or Business Sector- Corporate
Governance - serves as the engine of the society.
3. The Civil Society - consists of the complex of
citizens and groups outside government working in the
public arena. Often called as CSOs- civil society
organizations and also sometimes referred to as the
Third Sector.
4. Media (Institute on Governance considers a fourth
player) - provides for a flow of information
LESSON 3 the Characteristics of Good Governance
Good governance- is, participatory, transparent
and accountable. It is also effective and equitable. And
it promotes the rule of law.
 Ensures that political, social and economic
priorities are based on broad consensus in
society and that the voices of the poorest and
the most vulnerable are heard in decision-
making over the allocation of development
resources.
UNDP- believes that societies should aim, through
broad-based consensus-building, to define which of the
core features are most important
THE EIGHT CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE
BY UNDP
1. Participation- men and women should have a
voice in decision-making.
2. Rule of law - Legal frameworks should be fair and
enforced impartially
3. Transparency- built on the free flow of
information, information is directly accessible.
4. Responsiveness- Institutions and processes try
to serve all stakeholders.
5. Consensus oriented- Good governance
mediates differing interests
6. Equity and inclusiveness- men and women
have opportunities to improve or maintain their well-
being.
7. Effectiveness and efficiency- processes and
institutions produce results that meet the needs of
society
8. Accountability- private sector and civil society
organizations are accountable to the public.
Strategic vision- Leaders and the public have a
broad and long-term perspective on good governance
and human development.
World Bank- 4 dimensions of governance which are:
Public Sector Management, Accountability, and Legal
Framework for Development and Transparency &
Information
Four Basic Elements of Good Governance according to
ADB
ADB- regards governance as synonymous with sound
development management.
1. Accountability
 Accountability is imperative to make public
officials answerable for government behavior
 Accountability also means establishing criteria
to measure the performance of public officials
 Accountability of public sector institutions is
facilitated by evaluation of their economic and
financial performance.
2. Participation
  Principle of participation derives from an
acceptance that people at the heart of
development.
3. Predictability
 Refers to the existence of laws, regulations and
policies to regulate society.
4. Transparency
 Information to the general public and clarity
about government rules, regulations and
decisions.
Institute on Governance- identified five
principles of governance.
1. Legitimacy and Voice
 Participation –men and women should have a
voice in decision-making.
 Consensus orientation- good governance
mediates differing interests to reach a broad
consensus
2. Direction
 Strategic vision – leaders and the public have
a broad and long-term perspective on good
governance and human development.
3. Performance
 Responsiveness – institutions and processes
try to serve all stakeholders.
 Effectiveness and efficiency – processes and
institutions produce results that meet needs
while making the best use of resources.
4. Accountability
 Accountability – private sector and civil
society organizations are accountable to the
public.
 Transparency – built on the free flow of
information.
5. Fairness
 Equity – all men and women have
opportunities to improve or maintain their well
being.
 Rule of Law – legal frameworks should be fair
and enforced impartially.
Lesson 4 Issues & Challenges on
Governance
FACTORS/PROCESSES PUSHING FOR
GOVERNANCE
1. The Quest for Growth & Development
 The key factor pushing for governance.
 John Maynard Keynes- gave theoretical
justification for the state to manipulate price
signals.
2. The Environmental Movement
 a term that sometimes includes the
conservation and green movements
 concept of development has changed from the
exclusive focus on economic growth of the
1950s to the inclusion of distributional goals
 People Centeredness- an aspect of
development recognized that growth alone may
affect human lives adversely.
3. Globalization
 transformation from command to market-
oriented economies
 Globalization- acquired considerable emotive
force. Some view it as a process that is
beneficial—a key to future world economic
development—and also inevitable and
irreversible.
 Luis C. Liwanag of DBM- highlighted that one
of the greatest challenges that is confronted in
any development efforts today is globalization
  Economic Globalization- is a historical RA6028- act provided for the promotion of higher
process, the result of human innovation and standards of efficiency
technological progress.

4. Consolidating Peace
1972–1986
 Mali, Uganda, Thailand, Guatemala,
Presidential Decree 6- This decree amended certain
Philippines- countries emerging from internal rules on discipline of government officials
conflict.
PD 46- made it punishable for public officials and
KEY ISSUES and CHALLENGES IN
employees to receive gifts on any occasion.
GOVERNANCE the Philippine Experience
PD 677- This decree amended Section 7 of RA 3019
1. Policy Issues, Concerns, and Challenges
PD 749- granted immunity from prosecution to givers
 Philippine public policy-making process
of bribes
bears the following features:
1. policy decisions and programs PD 807- provided for the organization of the
2. policy-making process
3. legislative branch Civil Service Commission,
4. decisions of the legislative and
PD 1606- revised PD 1486; it deals only with cases filed
executive branches are subject to
against high-ranking government officials.
judicial review
1987–Present
2. Problems in the Bureaucracy
United Nations Convention on Anti-Corruption
 Bureaucracy is a distinctive arrangement used
by human beings to organize their activities. 1. Prevention- An entire chapter of the Convention
 German Max Weber- founders of sociology is dedicated to prevention, with measures directed at
stated that bureaucracy is “an institutional both the public and private sectors.
method for applying general rules to specific
cases, 2. Criminalization- Convention requires countries
 inefficiency and arbitrariness- two problems to establish criminal and other offences to cover a wide
in a bureaucratic type of government range of acts of corruption.

2.1 Corruption 3. International cooperation- Countries agreed

to cooperate with one another in every aspect of the
 Corruption damages the development process fight against corruption, including prevention,
in many ways. investigation, and the prosecution of offenders.

4. Asset recovery- countries agreed on asset-

List of Laws Related to Graft and Corruption recovery, which is stated explicitly as a fundamental
principle of the Convention.
1946–1971

R.A 1379- act declared forfeiture in favor of the state

RA 3019- act provided for the repression of certain acts

The Convention also covers many critical issues
related to corruption, and this is evident in some
of its provisions:

Article 5- importance of critical issues of

transparency and accountability

Article 9- focuses on public procurement and calls

upon public authorities

Article 10- highlights the issue of secrecy in public

administration

Article 11- calls upon Governments to safeguard the

integrity

Article 12- raises issues of corporate governance by

calling for strengthened regulatory

Article 14- hones in on anti- money laundering

matters to boost prevention,

Articles 15 and 16- bluntly decry the bribery of

national and foreign government officials

Article 33- underscores the need to protect people

who report acts of corruption.

Article 43- stresses the need for international

cooperation to curb corruption

3. Issue on Public Fiscal Management- the

government should continue to give priority to raising
revenues and improving the efficiency of the
bureaucracy

4. Deficiencies in the Political and Electoral

System- Public confidence in election outcomes is
low because of widely alleged irregularities in the
Philippine electoral processes.