864 APPLICATIONS IN MACHINE TOOLS APPLICATIONS IN MACHINE TOOLS Some of the hydraulic systems adopted in machine tools are briefly explained. Cylindrical grinding machines A cylindrical grinding machine requires two types of operational cycles to be built-in-the traverse grinding and the plunge grinding. The traverse grinding has the sequence of—wheel head approach to the job, table stroking, pick feeding of the wheelhead at the table reversals dwell of table at reversals, sparking off and rapid retraction of the wheelhead after attaining the desired size of workpiece. The plunge grinding operation consists in infeeding the wheel into the job held without reciprocation. The Process has the sequence of rapid appraoch, uniform plunge feed, sparking off and rapid retraction of the wheelhead. These cycles are brought out by means of the hydraulic system shown in Fig. 340 . The system, operating at 10 to 12 kgficm?, has its supply from a power pack with a double pump run off the motor shaft. The larger of the two pumps supplies the fluid to the hydraulic system through afine in-line filter, branching off suitably for the two sectors viz. The table feed and the cross feed. The second (smaller) of the two pumps in the powerpack is for cooling the wheel spindle bearings. The requirements of oil for the two pumps being different, the corresponding pumps are suitably isolated. The table drive is effected by the pilot operated valve 11 as controlled by the valve 10 operated by the dogs set on the table. The selector valve 9 is included in the circuit to provide the selection of hydraulic feed and the interlock between the manual and hydraulic controls. The table feed is controlled by two throttle valves 7-one each for grinding and wheel dressing operations. The process of grinding needs the table to dwell for a while at each of the reversals for exposing the ends of the workpiece a little longer to the grinding wheel. These dwells at table reversals are achieved by introducing timing circuits into the pilot operation of the valve 11. The cross feed circuit has three cylinders, one each for rapid approach, plunge and pick feeding and a metering cylinder for controlling the pick feed. The flow to approach and feed cylinders is controlled by the valve 1. The approach of the wheelhead to the job is set to have a fine feed rate for the last few millimeters of theAPPLICATIONS IN MACHINE TOOLS