TEXTILE TESTING &

QUALITY CONTROL
Brief: Importance Of Textile Testing

And Fabric Inspection Systems
Submitted to: Dr Akhtarul I Amjad

Submitted by:
MAHIMA
MFM/21/1161
 Before putting something into widespread use,

production or practice,
the quality, performance, reliability etc. are checked.
It finds out how well something works.

Textile testing is checking the quality and

What is textile
suitability of raw material and selection of

material. It is an important part for textile

production, distribution, and consumption.

testing?
02
Textile testing can be defined as “Examining

and determining the physical, mechanical

and chemical properties of a textile

materials."

 Why it is

important??
Checking Raw Materials
It can be either the
raw fiber for a spinner, the yarn
for a weaver or the finished fabric for a garment

03 maker. The incoming material is checked for the

required properties so that unsuitable material can

be rejected

Aim is to maintain, certain specified properties of

the product at the level at which they have been

set.
 Investigation of Faulty Material to provide a
better quality product.
.Product Development and Research
A large organization will often have a separate
04

department to carry out research and development of

materials.

Increase/sustain customer satisfaction

Ensuring product quality

Quality
Management
(QA AND QC)
 Quality management
Quality means conformance to customer requirements.QM involves everyone in the

organization. It aims at standardizing and improving all process in the organization.The function of

quality has evolved from more product inspection to an all-encompassing managment. In most

cases involving textile products, some form of physical or chemical testing are done. Quality

06 assurance and quality control are closely related concepts, are both aspects of quality

management.
QA and QC are both part of Quality

management and these are the

powerful techniques which can be used

to ensure that the deliverables are of

high quality and meet expectations of

07
the customers. QA activities and

responsibilities cover virtually all of the

quality system and process, while QC is

a subset of the QA activities.

 Quality Assurance is known as QA and focuses Quality Control is a reactive process and is

on preventing defect. Quality Assurance ensures detection in nature. It recognizes the defects. QC

that the approaches, techniques, methods and activities monitor and verify that the project
processes are designed for the projects are implem- deliverables meet the defined quality standards.
ented correctly and creates deliverables works.

QC aim is to identify and improve the defects.

All team members are responsible for QA. Testing team is responsible for QC.
QA means Planning for doing a process.
QC Means Action for executing the planned process.
QA Defines standards and methodologies to
QC ensures that the standards are followed while
followed in order to meet the customer requirements.
working on the product.
QA is responsible for full software development
QC is responsible for software testing life cycle.
life cycle.
Quality Assurance has to complete before Quality Quality Control has to complete after Quality
Control. Assurance.
 Quality Control
I
Objects of Quality Control:
1. To produce required quality product.
2. To fulfill the customer’s demand.
3. To reduce the production cost. 09
4. To minimize/reduce wastage.
5. To earn maximum profit at minimum cost.
Tests For Quality Control
There are two types of tests are done in QC

department. They are –

Physical Tests
Chemical Tests
PHYSICAL PHYSICAL TESTS
GSM
CHEMICAL TESTS
COLOR FASTNESS TO PERSPIRATION
SHRINKAGE COLOR FASTNESS TO WASHING
AND

TENSILE
COLOR FASTNESS TO LIGHT
STRENGTH COLOR FASTNESS TO HEAT
CHEMICAL ABRASION
COLOR FASTNESS TO RUBBING

RESISTANCE
PILLING

TESTING RESISTANCE 10
BUTTON

STRENGTH

TESTING
CREASE

RESISTANCE
SHADE CHECK
ORGANIZATION QUALITY

STANDARD
11
 INTRODUCTION TO QUALITY

STANDARDS
The term standard in reference to quality control is
defined as something that is established by authority,
as a model or example to be followed. According to ISO,
12
standards are documented agreements
containing technical specifications
as rules, guidelines or characteristics, to ensure that

materials, products, process

and services are fit for their purpose.
Standards aim at achieving the optimum degree of
order
Largest sources of

standards.
American society for testing and materials (ASTM),
American Association of textile chemists
13
and colourists (AATCC),
British standards institute (BSI),
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS),
China State Bureau of Technical Supervision (CSBTS).
International standards organization (ISO),etc.
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING

AND MATERIALS (ASTM)

ASTM publishes standards test methods, specifications,

guides, classifications.
List of ASTM Test Standards for Textiles:
Standard Specification for Tensile Testing
Standard Test Method for Shrinkage of Textile Fibres
Standard Test Method for Twisting
Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength of Yarn
Standard test for abrasion resistance
Standard Test Method for Air

Permeability,thickness,stretch properties of knitted

ones, pilling resistance, stiffness, breaking strength,

ETC.
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION TEXTILE

CHEMISTS AND COLOURISTS (AATCC)

The American Association of textile chemists and

colourists has grown from a group of 270 charter

members into world largest textile chemistry membership.

15
AATCC is a source of test methods in areas of

colourfastness, to light and washing, shrinkage, water

resistance, and moisture management.

To maintain high quality levels for fabric color in all

conditions. AATCC standards ensure you can:

Improve durability
Assure quality color levels
Develop lasting products
 BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION (BSI)

Physical testing of textiles standards:

tensile properties of woven fabric

Determination of the elasticity of fabrics
Test method for crimp contraction properties 16

International standards organization (ISO),

ISO standards cover considerations like regulatory issues and

management systems. They assess a company's ability to meet

customer requirements and offer guidelines to improve

performance.Within the textile industry, following ISO standards can

help to ensure consistent quality of the raw materials to make textile.

 ISO standards often involves inspection and testing at each stage of a process. For example, raw

materials might be tested, then dyed fabrics, and finally finished goods.

ISO 9000 STANDARDS

17 ISO 9000 addresses quality management standards as to what an organization needs to fulfill. It

assesses the organizations ability to meet customer and regulatory requirements, quality

management system, and provides guidelines for performance improvement.

ISO 14000 STANDARDS
The ISO 14000 family consists of standards relating to environmental management systems (EMS)

and others which are tools to help the organization realize its environmental policy.
 FABRIC
18
INSPECTION
SYSTEM

Graniteville “78” system.

Dallas system.
4 point system
10 point system.
 Inspection: For garments, need to check the quality of

fabric, sewing thread, trims etc.Fabric inspection is also

considered as pre-production inspection for garments or

FABRIC other textile products.

BENEFITS:
19
INSPECTION 1. Detection of defects as early as possible in the

manufacturing process.
2. Minimizing the time and money wastage.
SYSTEM 3. Fabrics supplied to customers meet their

specifications and standards.

4. Will minimize the quantity of garments rejected

for fabric faults.

FABRIC INSPECTION SYSTEMS:
4- Point system.

The 4-Point System, point-grading system for

determining fabric quality.

The 4-Point System assigns 1, 2, 3 and 4 penalty points

according to the size and significance of the defect. No

20
more than 4 penalty points can be assigned for any

single defect. Defect can be in either length or width

direction, the system remains the same. Only major

defects are considered. No penalty points are assigned

to minor defects.
 UNDERSTAND THE PROCEDURE

Safe environment with enough ventilation and

proper lighting.
Fabric passing through the frame must be

21
between 45-60 degree angles to inspector and

must be done on appropriate Cool White light

Fabric speed on inspection machine must not be

more than 15 yards per minute.

Faric width must be checked from selvage to

selvage against standard.

The length of each roll inspected must be

compared to length as mentioned.

No penalty points are recorded or assigned for minor defects. Only major defects are considered.


Fabric checker should know common defects found in fabrics and he must recognize defects on the

fabric at the time of fabric inspection. Some fabric defects are given below:

22
In the following table the penalty evaluation points has been given for different length of

fabric defect and dimension of holes:

23

In 4 point system fabric quality is evaluated by unit points/100 sq. yds.

Normally fabric roll containing 40 points per 100 square yard are acceptable.
 Example: A fabric roll 120 yards long and 46 inch
wide contains following defects.
4 defect below 3” 4 x 1 = 4 points

Check sheet or Inspection Format
6 defects between 3” to 6” 6 x 2 = 12 points To record or to collects defects during

inspection you must use a simple check

2 defects between 6” to 9” 2 x 3 = 6 points sheet. A check sheet includes general

details, details of fabric lot, fabric defects

1 defect more than 9” 1 x 4 = 4 points according their sizes, summary of fabric

——————————————————————————
defects, quantity inspected and total

——- penalty points and result of the fabric lot

Total points = 26 points after inspection.

According to this system, the fabric roll is considered good if

the total penalty points, assessed to that roll, do not exceed

the length of the fabric. If the points exceed the length of

fabric in a roll, then it is considered ‘seconds’ and may be

rejected. Suppose if the fabric roll having a length of 50

yards is inspected in a ten-point system and the total penalty

points are less than 50. Then the fabric roll was considered

good.
In this system, warp and weft directions faults are seprately

inspected.
 Refrences:

British Standards Institution - Committee (bsigroup.com)

List of ASTM Test Standards for Textiles (texpedi.com)

POINTS FABRIC INSPECTION | SBE Inspection and Compliance

ISO Textile Testing Standards | Study.com

FABRIC INSPECTION (linkedin.com)

10 Points System Fabric Inspection in Garment Industry - Textile Learner

Total Quality Management (TQM) in Textile Industry - Textile Learner

Textile Testing and Quality Control - TEXTILE VALUE CHAIN

Thank
you!!