BUDDHA SHIVA TEMPLE OF JOGO

Jago Temple is located in Jago Hamlet of Tumpang Village, Tumpang Subdistrict, Malang
Regency, or 22 km to the east of Malang.Buddhist teaching is reflected in reliefs telling the
story of Tantri Kamandaka and the story of Kunjarakarna, which are carved on the lowest
terrace. The walls on the second terrace are carved with the next sequence of Kunjarakarna
story and parts Mahabharata story that contain Hindu teachings, Parthayajna and Arjuna
Wiwaha. The third terrace is full of reliefs telling the next sequence of Arjunawiwaha. The
temple body’s walls are also carved with Hindu stories of Krishna and Kalayawana war.

According to Negarakertagama and Pararaton, the original name of this temple is Jajaghu.
Verse 41 phrase 4 of Negarakertagama describes that King Wisnuwardhana who ruled
Singasari was a Buddhist Shiva, a religious sect that combines the teachings of Hindu and
Buddhist. The teaching flourished during the ruling of Singasari Kingdom, a kingdom located
20 km from Jago Temple. Jajaghu, which means 'greatness', is a term used for referring a shrine.

In the middle of the front yard, around 6 m from the temple’s feet, there is a big carved stone,
1 m in diameter, which resembles the shape of giant pedestal. On top of it, there is a relief of
lotus flower rambling out of its stem.

On the west side of temple front yard is the statue of eight-armed Amoghapasa in the
foreground of giant-head-shaped thrones in a position of one opposing the other. The statue’s
head is missing and the arms broken. Around 3 meters to the south of the statue is a giant
head 1 m. high. No information is available whether the objects in the temple yard are in their
original places.

The inner room of temple body is currently in empty. Negarakertagama mentions that inside
the temple’s niche there was a statue of Shiva with Aksobaya on his crown. The book also
mentions that there are a number of god statues in the Shiva system of belief, such as
Nandiswara, Durga, Ganesha, Nandi, and Brahma statues. None of the statues remain in their
place. Reportedly the Durga statue is now kept in Empu Tantular Museum, Surabaya.
This temple is located on the foot of Welirang Hill, Candi Wates village, Prigen Subdistrict,
Pasuruan Regency, around 31 km from the city of Pasuruan. The temple is relatively still
intact after frequent restorations. The second restoration of Jawi Temple was performed
between 1938 and 1941 out of its ruined condition. The work, however, was discontinued
because there are many missing stones, and was completed further between 1975 and 1980.

Verse 56 of Negarakertagama mentions that Jawi Temple was built by the last king of Singasari
Kingdom, Kertanegara, as a worship shrine for Shiva-Buddhist followers. King Kartanegara
was a Shiva-Buddhist follower. While being a worship shrine, Jawi Temple is also a place
where Kertanegara ashes are kept. This is rather strange because Jawi Temple is located quite
distant away from the center of Singasari Kingdom. It is probably because of the fact that the
people in the area were so loyal to their king and many of them were Shiva-Buddhist followers.
The assumption is founded on a reality that as Raden Wijaya, Kertanegara’s son-in-law, fled
after Kertanegara was dethroned by King Jayakatwang from Gelang-gelang (Kediri); he had
once hidden in this area before taking refuge to Madura.