Answer Key (Non-Mendelian Inheritance Problems)

Total: 110 points

A. 5 points
1. 10 family members have dimples (1 pt)
2. I-3 and I-4 have both heterozygous dominant (Dd) genotypes (1pts)
3. No, II-8 and II-9 must be heterozygous dominant (Dd) so that they can produce an offspring
with homozygous recessive (dd) genotype. (1pts)
4. Grandmother (I-2) and grandson (III-12) relationship. (1pt)
5.The no dimple trait (shaded) is a recessive trait while having a dimple (unshaded) is a dominant
trait. (bonus = 1pt)

B. 20 points
1. Palomino horses with a golden yellow coat color have an intermediate or blending phenotype
as a result of the cross of two homozygous parents, the chestnut and cremello horses. While the
cross between horses with the same phenotypes (chestnut x chestnut; cremello x cremello) will
produce 100% offsprings of the same phenotype. (2 pts)
2. 18 pts (3 pts each).
Phenotypes Genotypes Genotypes of Offsprings
B W B W
a. palomino × palomino C C xC C 13 C C , 6 CBCB, 5 CWCW
B W

B B B B
b. chestnut × chestnut C C xC C 16 CBCB
c. cremello × cremello CWCW x CWCW 13 CWCW
B W B B
d. palomino × chestnut C C xC C 8 CBCW, 9 CBCB
e. palomino × cremello CBCW x CWCW 11 CBCW, 11 CWCW
B B W W
f. chestnut × cremello C C xC C 23 CBCW

C. 15 points (3 pts each)

Cross Genotypes/ Phenotypes Ratios
(a) LMLM × LMLN 50% LMLM (Type M), 50% LMLN (Type MN) 2:2
(b) LNLN × LNLN 100% LNLN (Type N) 4
M N M N
(c) L L × L L 25% LMLM (Type M), 50% LMLN (Type MN), 1:2:1
25% LNLN (Type N)
M N N N
(d) L L × L L 50% LMLN (Type MN), 50% LNLN (Type N) 2:2
(e) LMLM × LNLN 100% LMLN (Type MN) 4

D. 15 points (3 pts each)

Phenotypes Phenotypes Ratios
(a) Rp1Rp2 × Rp1rp 75% red, 25% purple 3:1
(b) Rp1rp × Rp2rp 50% red, 25% purple, 25% green 1:2:1
(c) Rp1Rp2 × Rp1Rp2 75% red, 25% purple 3:1
(d) Rp2rp × rprp 50% purple, 50% green 2:2
(e) rprp × Rp1Rp2 50% red, 50% purple 2:2
E. 20 points
The differences in the plumage of turkeys are NOT caused by incomplete dominance inheritance. The
offspring's plumage is 100 percent black, as seen in the cross result of cross 1, implies that black is
dominant over bronze and black-bronze, and bronze is dominant over black-bronze. Let: BA> BB > b
(dominance hierarchy of the turkey’s plumage).(2 pts for explanation; 3 pts each for each cross)
Cross Genotypes Offsprings
A A B B A A
1. Black and bronze B B xB B All Black (B B )
2. Black and black BABB x BABB ¾ Black (BABA, BABB), ¼ bronze (BB BB)
3. Black-bronze and black- bb x bb All Black-bronze (bb)
bronze
4. Black and bronze BAb x BBb ½ Black (BABB, BAb), ¼ bronze (BBb), ¼
black-bronze(bb)
5. Bronze and black-bronze BBb x bb ½ Bronze (BBb) x ½ (bb)
6. Bronze and bronze BBb x BBb ¾ bronze (BBb, BB BB), ¼ bb

F. 10 points
(a) full color (Cc) × albino (cc)
(b) himalayan (chc) × albino (cc)
(c) full color (Ccch) × albino (cc)
(d) full color (Cc) × himalayan (chc)
(e) full color (Cc) × full color (Cc)
G. 5 points
Charlie Chaplin: IAIB (Type AB)
Joan Barry: ii (Type O)
Child: ii (Type O)

a) The possible blood types for the father of Barry’s child are: Type A (IAi), Type B (IBi), and Type O
(ii) (3 pts)
b) Yes. If Chaplin had the genotypes above and you cross it to Barry’s genotype (ii), then there is a
possibility that they will produce a child with type O blood (ii). However, Chaplin’s blood type is
AB (IAIB) and there is no chance that he can pass the recessive allele (i). (2 pts)

H. 5 points
The child has a blood type AB and MN. So, he needs four alleles (A, B, M, and N) to possess the trait
while the mother has blood type A MM, which means she can pass A and M allele to her child. The
father needs to have both B and N alleles to become the father of the child. Thus, George (Type O NN),
Claude (Type A NN), and Henry (Type AB MM) does not qualify in the criteria.

I. 15 points (3 points each= 2points for the explanation, 1 point for the Punnet square)
a. This is a codominance inheritance pattern, because the red hairs and white hairs are both present in
the offspring.
R R
W RW RW
W RW RW
100% RW (have both red and white hairs)
b. The inheritance pattern is sex-linked. The males were only affected by the trait, and even after mating
the F1 fish, it still fails to produce females with the trait. The trait is carried in the Y chromosome that’s
why there is no chance that females will possess the trait (as shown in the Punnett square).

X X
X XX XX
Y XY XY

c. The inheritance pattern is incomplete dominance. After mating the black rooster with the white hen,
all the offsprings produced has an intermediate phenotype of blue.
B B
W BW BW
W BW BW
100% BW (blue)
d. Calico fur can only be found in females, as they have two X chromosomes, resulting in a heterozygous
female with codominant alleles for black and orange fur (XCXc). Males have only one X chromosome, which
may carry either the black or orange fur trait. The inheritance pattern for Calico fur is codominance.

Example: Fur color is sex-linked. If you cross a female cat with a black fur (XCXC) to a male cat with
orange fur (XcY). The result is that all the female offsprings will have a Calico fur while male offsprings
will have a black fur.
XC XC
C c
Xc XX X CX c
Y X CY X CY

e. Since the puppy is a carrier for a recessive allele that carries the recessive gene (which may be lethal to
the offspring), there is a chance that if it is bred to another dog, it would transfer the recessive allele to
its offspring. Its offspring may either be carriers or suffer from the trait. This is a complete dominance
inheritance. For example, if the carrier puppy (Aa) mates with an unaffected dog (AA), there is a 25%
chance that their offspring will become affected by the trait and a 50% chance that they will be carriers
of the recessive allele.
A a
A AA Aa
A Aa aa