Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET IN GENERAL BIOLOGY 2

Evolution of Life on Earth
Name of Learner:
Grade Level: 11_

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Strand/Track: STEM-ACADEMIC
Section:
Date: Week 3 (Introduction to Development)
(Engagement to Assimilation)

A. Background Information for Learners

The lesson is about evolution of life on Earth. It involves activities which can help the
students master the assigned competency.
B. Learning Competency with code
Describe the general features of the history of life on Earth, including generally accepted
dates and sequence of the geologic time scale and characteristics of major groups of
organisms present during these time periods. (STEM_BIO11/12-III-c-g-8)

C. Directions/ Instructions
After going through with this unit, you are expected to:

1. Read and follow each direction carefully.

2. Accomplish each activity for the mastery of competency.
3. Use the Learning Activity Sheets with care.
4. Record your points for each activity
5. Always aim to get at least 80% of the total number of given items.
6. If you have any questions, contact, or see your teacher through messenger or text

D. Exercises / Activities

DAY 1
D.1 INTRODUCTION

a. What I need to Know

After going through with this unit, you are expected to:

1. describe the characteristics of early life forms on Earth

2. determine major groups of organisms that dominated and became extinct using
geologic time scale; and
3. appreciate ancient organisms where present life evolved from.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

b. What’s New?

Activity 1: “The Primitive Life”

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Directions: Fill in the table at least five (5) ancient or primitive life forms that you know
and give their characteristics. Write your answer on the table below.

ANCIENT/PRIMITIVE LIFE FORMS CHARACTERISTICS

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

MY SCORE:

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

MY SCORE:

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a. What is It

Activity 4: “Imagine Me”

Directions: Using the readings below illustrate what is asked in the grid.

THE EARLY EARTH

Scientists assumed that billions of years ago, Earth came together with the solar
system from a swirling cloud of gasses and dust that have condensed and formed the sun in
the center. Planets are made due to the condensation of dust and rocks around the edges of
clouds firmly held by the sun’s gravity. It is also believed that the Earth is a very hot ball of
gas consisted of free atoms which distributed into layers.

Due to frequent and violent volcanic eruptions Earth’s landscape were formed and
gasses were released that contributed to the changes in the atmosphere. The atmosphere
during this time was consisted of (O₂) or no oxygen at all but made up of ammonia (NH₃),
methane (CH₄), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and nitrogen (N₂). As million years passed by, earth
cooled down resulting to the liquification of gasses. Water molecules and vapors were formed
in the atmosphere at the same time continuous wrinkling and folding of the earth crust
occurred. Rain started to pour heavily, forming the first seas and oceans. The dissolved gasses
in the atmosphere were washed off into the sea making the sea water salty.

EARLY EARTH IN THE SOLAR EARLY EARTH

SYSTEM

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

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The first life forms originated from simple organic compounds or monomers. These
organic compounds undergone reactions to form more complex compounds such as polymers
of proteins such as purines, pyrimidines, sugar, and phosphate group which combined to
produce the first nucleotide a molecule essential for the heredity of organisms. Early cells
originated from organic molecules present in the sea that could have condensed into tiny
bubble-like structures. The sticky properties of proteins and other organic materials with
water resulted in the evolution of the earliest form of cell. The formation of cell membrane in
the early cells allow it to separate the internal environment from the external world. This
interaction forms a microsphere that behaves similarly with the cell membranes known today.
These bubble-like structures or droplets are known as protocells that started to absorb
nutrients from the environment. Protocells divided and due to the presence of nucleic acids
(DNA/RNA), they were able to reproduce and pass on genetic information to their offspring.
It is believed that this started the evolution of the biodiversity that our modern Earth has.

PROTOCELLS MODERN CELL

PRIMITIVE LIFE FORMS

Early life forms were discovered through the analysis of fossil evidence by
radioactive dating. Radioactive active isotopes in the rock surrounding the fossil can estimate
the actual age of fossils. Paleontologists who study fossil evidence to determine the fossil’s
age utilize the two most used methods named as: potassium- argon dating and radioactive
dating.

Prokaryotes

The oldest fossils are the stromatolite characterized by fossilized layered mats of
prokaryotic cells. The first prokaryotes are heterotrophic that continue to

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere as they reproduce. Due to the occurrence of
genetic variability the first autotrophs evolved which can synthesize their own food using
light energy from the sun but cannot produce oxygen. These organisms later develop
photosynthetic process enable them to release oxygen into the water and into the atmosphere

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like that of the modern plants.

Eukaryotes

The evolution of eukaryotes was supported by Endosymbiotic Theory or

endosymbiosis. According to this theory mitochondrion is the descendant of early aerobic
prokaryotes and chloroplasts of the primitive cyanobacteria. Larger cells that engulfed these
aerobic prokaryotes and primitive cyanobacteria became dependent for their physiological
needs. Change in appearance and function of the first eukaryote from prokaryotic feature
enable the development of multicellular organisms.

EARLY PROKARYOTE EARLY EUKARYOTE

THE GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE

Geological Time Scale served as the catalog of the history of life on Earth for the past
4 billion years to describe the time the Earth was formed and the evolution of the different
organisms that made them dominant and extinct as million years pass by.

GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE

ERA PERIOD EPOCH AGE SOME IMPORTANT

mya EVENTS IN THE
HISTORY OF LIFE

QUARTERNARY RECENT 0.01 Historical Time.

CENOZOIC PLIOCENE 1.8 Ice Age, Humans appear.
PLIOCENE 5 Apelike ancestor of humans
appears.
TERTIARY MIOCENE 23 Continued relation between
mammals and
OLIGOCENE 35 angiosperms.
Origin of many primate
EOCENE 57 groups, including apes
Angiosperms dominance

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

increase continued relation of

most modern mammalian
PALEOCENE 65 order.
Major radiation of
mammals, birds, and
pollinating insects.

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Cretaceous 144 Flowering plants
(angiosperm) appear; many
groups of organisms include,
including dinosaurs became
MESOZOIC extinct at the end of period
(cretaceous extinctions)
Gymnosperms continue as
Jurassic 206 dominant plants; dinosaurs
abundant and diverse.
Cone bearing plants
Triassic 245 (gymnosperm) dominate
landscape, radiation of
dinosaur

Permian 290 Extinction of many marine

and terrestrial organisms
(Permian mass extinction);
radiation reptiles, origin of
PALEOZOIC mammal like reptiles and
most modern of orders of
insects.
Carboniferous 363 Extensive forest of vascular
plants; origin of reptiles;
amphibians dominant.
Diversification of bony
Devonian 409 fishes, first amphibian and
insect.
Diversity of jawless fishes
Silurian 439 first jawed fish
diversification of early
vascular plants.
Marine algae abundant;
Ordovician 510 colonization of land plants
arthropods.
Radiation of the most
Cambrian 543 modern animal phyla
(Cambrian explosion)

600 Diverse soft bodied

invertebrate animals;
diverse algae.
2200 Oldest fossils of eukaryotic
cells.
2700 Atmospheric oxygen begins
to increase.
PRECAMBRIAN 3500 Oldest fossils of cells
(prokaryotes)
3800 Earliest traces of life.
4600 Approximate time of origin
of Earth.

Mass Extinction
It is defined as the loss of all species of organism in existence due to the drastic
change in the environment in a relative short geological period of time. A huge number of
species have disappeared from the surface of the Earth because of the five cataclysmic mass
extinctions millions of years ago.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

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PERIOD EXTINCTION
Ordovician-Silurian 439 million years ago
25% of marine families and 60% of marine
genera wiped out due to the dropping and rising
sea levels as glaciers formed and melted.

Late Devonian 364 million years ago

22% of marine families and 57% of marine
genera caused by glaciation events.
Permian-Triassic 250 million years ago
90% of both land and marine species extinct

End of Triassic 199 – 214 million years ago22% of marine

families and marine genera, and unknown
number of land vertebrates due to volcanic
eruptions and splitting of Pangea.
Cretaceous-Tertiary 65 million years ago
Annihilated many marine species and non-
avian dinosaurs become extinct.

DAY 2
D.2 ENGAGEMENT
a. What’s more?

Activity 5: “Dig and Excavate”

Directions. Answer the following question comprehensively.

1. How would you describe Earth millions of years ago?

2. How did scientists determine the age of the Earth?
3. Name all organisms that evolved on Earth according to their existence in the
Geologic Time Scale.
4. How would you explain the reasons for mass extinction that occurred on earth million
years ago?
5. How would you compare the characteristics of modern organisms to ancient
organism with respect to the early and modern earth?

MY SCORE:

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

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b. What I can Do?

Activity 6: “Life History”

Directions. In the table below, fill out the major extinction events that happened on
Earth. Use the Geologic Timetable provided below.

PERIOD/ERA TIME YEARS MAJOR (%)ORGANISMS

AGO EVOLUTIONARY LED TO
EVENTS/CAUSES EXTINCTION

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

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Credit: quipper.com

MY SCORE:

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

DAY 3

c. What other enrichment activities can I engage in?

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Activity 7: “Investigation is Essential”

Directions: Answer the following questions based on your understanding.

1. Discuss Endosymbiotic Theory? Highlight on how mitochondria and chloroplasts became

the descendants of eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
2. Prove how age of rocks can help in determining the age of primitive living organisms as
well as the age of the Earth.
3. Using the data in the Geologic Time scale, were you convinced by the pieces of evidence
given as proofs of the existence of ancient life forms? Justify your argument
scientifically.
MY SCORE:

D.3 ASSIMILATION

a. What I have Learned?

Activity 8: “Frayer Model”

Directions: On the Frayer model below, state the general features of life on Earth. (Refer
to scoring rubric provided).

Describe the Early Earth How Life begins on Earth?

GENERAL
FEATURES
Mass extinction OF LIFE ON Geologic Time Scale
EARTH

MY SCORE:

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

b. Assessment / What I can show

Activity 9: “A Poster of Thousand Words”

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Directions: Create a poster of the history of life on Earth. It will be scored using a rubric.
Work on your poster in a legal-size paper using coloring materials. Take a picture and send it
to any platform instructed to you by your teacher or pass it on the retrieval day by your parent
or guardian.
Objective: Show the history of primitive life forms and its evolution on Earth.

DAY 4 MY SCORE:

Activity 10: “Fact or Truth?”

Directions: Respond to the following phrases based on your own understanding.

GENESIS 1
God created the heavens, the Earth
and everything that lives. He made
humankind in image and gave
them charge over the Earth.
(youtube.com)

There is grandeur in this view of

life, with its several powers,
having been originally breathed
into one; and that, whilst this
planet has gone cycling on
according to the fixed law of
gravity, from so simple a
beginning endless forms most
beautiful and most wonderful have
been, and are being, evolved.
--Charles Darwin

MY SCORE:
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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

E. Guide Questions
Activity 11: “Question and Answer”

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Directions: Respond to the following guide questions.
1. How can you describe the life during Precambrian era?

2. What were the characteristics of life during Tertiary Period?

3. What are the major events during Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic Era?

4. How would you describe the evolution of life with respect to the condition of the early
earth?

5. What are the major catastrophic events that paved way to the extinction of
organisms? How are they related to the present life forms on Earth?

F. Rubrics

Guide Questions
Criteria Expert Accomplished Capable Beginner

4 3 2 1

Quality of Argument is Somewhat Give some new Gives no new

Reason Scientific, argument is imformation but information and
information information wise poorly organized very poorly
wise and well and organized organized
organized

Grammar No incorrect Few incorrect A number of Ample incorrect

Usage spelling of spelling of words incorrect spelling of
words and no and minor spelling of words words and
grammatical grammarical and grammatical grammatical
errors errors errors errors which
affects the

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Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

content

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Poster
Criteria 4 3 2 1

Accuracy of Shows deep Shows Shows a shallow Shows limited

Content understanding considerable understanding understanding
of the topic understanding of of the topic of the topic
the topic

Organization of All elements in Most elements in There is missing Some of the

Idea the artwork are the artwork are element in the elements are
logically logically artwork and are not seen and is
presented presented not really not logically
logically presented
presented

Presentation A very clear A clear message There are some The meesage
(Clarity of the message conveyed to the vagueness in conveyed to the
message/Neatness) conveyed to the audience conveying the audience is not
audience message to the clear
audience

G. Reflection
Learners will write on their notebooks or journals their insights about the lesson by
completing the prompts below…
I understand that .
I realized that _.

H. Reference

Books

Dela Pena, R.A.Jr., Gracilla, D.E., Pangilinan, C. R. (2016) General Biology (Combined
Book 1 & 2) JFS Publishing Services, Manila

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS

Basco-Tiamzon, M. E., Avissar, Y.,Choi, Jung.,Desaix, J., Jurukovski, Vladimir.,Wise and

Robert., Rye. (2016) General Biology 2. Vibal Group Inc.

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Electronic Sources

Evans, C. L. (2009). The Evolution of Life in 60 seconds. (YouTube Channel).

Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXSEyttblMI

PBS Eons. (2017). A Brief History of Geologic Time. (YouTube Channel). Retrieved
from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rWp5ZpJAIAE

BestofScience. (2009). Origin And Evolution Of Life. (YouTube Channel). Retrieved

from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SgnnV8nV9g

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