TUMAINI UNIVERSITY DAR ES SALAAM COLLEGE (TUDARCo).

SCHOOL OF LAW AND JUSTICE.

SUBJECT NAME : DS

WORK : Individual Assignment.

NO. NAMES REGISTRATION NO: SIGNATURE

1. MWANAID NUKHU TU/DARCO/LLBE/022/245
DATE : 24TH APRIL 2023

Question : Write short notes on the following

1. Sex
2. Gender.
3. Sex analysis.
4. Gender Assessment.
5. Gender Equity.
6. Gender Equality.
7. Gender integration.
8. Gender stereotypes.
9. Gender based violence.
10. Sexual harassment.
11. Gender blindness.
12. Gender awareness.
13. Gender policy.
14. Gender Balance.
15. Gender focal points.
16. Gender Discrimination.
17. Feminism
INTRODUCTION

Gender issues started early between 1950 and 1960s when women were not part of the
development, women were playing a big role though were tended to be neglected example
contributed on independence of their countries during colonialism periods but later society
recognized that efficient and effective development requires the active participation of women as
well as men and for that different movement was started to incorporated like the Millennium
Development Goals, feminist movement, United Nations Development Fund for Women and the
International Training and Research Centre for Women.

MAINBODY

There several terms which associated with gender and below is brief explanation regarding
identified terms.

Sex

Refers to the biological characteristics (including genetics, anatomy, and physiology) that
distinguish humans as female or male. It should be noted that these biological characteristics are
not mutually exclusive; however, there are individuals who possess both male and female
characteristics as well as physiological characteristics that define men and women. "Male" and
"female" are sex categories.

Sex Analysis

Explores and highlights the relationships between men and women in society, as well as the
inequalities that exist within those relationships, by asking: Who does what? What does who
have? Who makes the decision? How? Who benefits? Who is the loser? We also ask, "Which
men?" when we pose these questions. Which ladies?, bridges the gap between the private sphere
(involving personal relationships) and the public sphere (involving societal relationships).

Gender

Refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given society
considers appropriate for men and women. A socially constructed set of roles and responsibilities
associated with being a girl, boy, woman, or man, and, in some cultures, a third or other gender.
“Masculine" and "feminine" are gender categories. Gender determines what is expected, allowed,
and valued in a woman or man in a given context.

Gender equality

Refers to equal rights, responsibilities, and opportunities for men, women, girls, and boys.
Equality does not imply that men and women will become the same, but rather that women and
men's rights, responsibilities, and opportunities will not be determined by whether they are born
male or female Example: A family has limited funds, and both daughter and son need new pair
of shoes for the new school year, but only one can get new shoes this year. If the family decides
(and who in the family decides?) which child will get the new shoes based on the child’s needs,
and not on the child’s sex, this is an example of gender equality. The UN Convention on the
Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women can be understood as a statement on
what the principle of gender equality of opportunity should mean in practice for all aspects of
life, and all sectors of the economy.

Gender awareness

Is a process that aids in the exchange of ideas, improves mutual understanding, and the
development of competencies and skills required for societal change, providing reliable and
accessible information to build a better understanding of gender equality as a core value of
democratic societies, Gender awareness aims to change attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs that
reinforce gender inequalities, as well as promote and encourage a general understanding of
gender-related challenges such as violence against women and the gender pay gap, It also aims to
demonstrate how values and norms influence our reality, reinforce stereotypes, and support the
structures that produce inequalities.

Gender equity

Is justice and fairness in the treatment of men and women in order to achieve gender equality,
often requesting differential treatment of men and women (or specific measures) to compensate
for historical and social disadvantages that prevent men and women from playing on a level
playing field. Example. This includes equal treatment as well as treatment that differs but is
deemed equivalent in terms of rights, benefits, obligations, and opportunities. In the development
context, a gender equity goal frequently necessitates built-in measures to compensate for
women's historical and social disadvantages.

Gender Focal Point

A person within the organization who has been identified as a resource for gender-related issues.
is the key staff member within an energy sector Organisation for ensuring the success of the
organization’s gender mainstreaming programmed. The goal is for all people to incorporate
gender into their content and processes. As a result, spends some of her/his time supporting and
developing the capacity of her/his colleagues. A significant component is the coordination of the
development and implementation of the Gender Action Plan.

Gender Analysis

Is the systematic collection and examination of information on gender differences and social
relations in order to identify, comprehend, and address gender inequities, is thus a close
examination of a problem or situation in order to identify the gender issues. involves identifying
the gender issues within the problem which is being addressed and in the obstacles to progress,
so that these issues can be addressed in all aspects of the program in project objectives, in the
choice of intervention strategy and the methods of program implementation.

Gender Blindness

Refers to the failure to recognize that men's and women's roles and responsibilities are assigned
to them in specific social, cultural, economic, and political contexts and backgrounds. Gender-
blind projects, programs, policies, and attitudes do not account for these various roles and needs.

Sexual harassment

Is defined as any sexual behavior that violates the dignity of women and men, is considered
unwanted, unacceptable, inappropriate, and offensive to the recipient, and creates an
intimidating, hostile, unstable, or offensive work environment. example Physical intentionally
touching, caressing, pinching, hugging to sexual assault or rape, verbal socially and culturally
inappropriate and unwelcome comments with sexual overtones, persistent proposals and
unwelcome requests or persistent personal invitations to go out and nonverbal unwelcome
gestures, suggestive body language, indecent exposure, repeated winks, unwelcome display of
pornographic materials.

Gender Policy

Is a strategy for making the concerns and strategies of women and men an integral part of the
design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmed in all political,
economic and societal spheres, so that women and men can benefit equally, and inequality is not
perpetuated. The Government of Tanzania has adopted policies that advance gender equality and
youth inclusion in a supportive enabling environment, example The URT (2000), Women and
Gender Development Policy: Ministry of Health, Community.

Gender based violence

As any harm or suffering inflicted on a woman, girl, man, or boy that has a negative impact on
the person's physical, sexual, or psychological health, development, or identity. Gender
inequality and discrimination are the root causes of this violence. GBV is the most extreme
manifestation of society's unequal gender relations, a violation of human rights, and a major
impediment to achieving gender equality

Feminism

A grouping of movements and ideologies with the common goal of defining, establishing, and
achieving equal political, economic, cultural, personal, and social rights for women. Movements
aimed at defending, establishing, and providing equal social, political, and economic rights for
women, as well as equal opportunities for them. Because some argue that gender is a social
construct that can harm everyone, feminism seeks to liberate both men and women. A 'Feminist'
is someone who practices feminism and can be either a man or a woman.

Gender balance,

We refer to a situation where both males and females have equal opportunities and access to
matters in all the institutions of the society, namely, religion, economy, education, culture, and
polity, Gender balance is about ensuring that there are equitable opportunities for individuals
notwithstanding their gender, including equitable access to employment, compensation benefits,
and developmental opportunities across all sectors of an organization
Gender discrimination

Means to give differential treatment to individuals on the grounds of their gender. In many
societies, this involves systematic and structural discrimination against women in the distribution
of income, access to resources and participation in decision making example in the workplace
when applicants or employees are treated differently because of their gender. Gender
discrimination can occur on a formal (e.g., promotion, performance) or interpersonal (e.g., social
isolation) scale, and it can be overt (i.e., direct) or covert (i.e., discrete). Gender discrimination
rates vary depending on how other identities, such as race, ethnicity, gender identity, and sexual
orientation, intersect. Individuals who are minorities in other aspects of their lives are more
likely to face gender discrimination.

Gender stereotypes

Are commonly held beliefs about a group based on their gender identity.8 For example, gender
stereotypes portray women as communal (e.g., kind, sensitive, relationship-oriented) and men as
agentic (e.g. dominant, ambitious, and achievement-oriented), is a way of thinking that persists
in people's attitudes and practices and is frequently reflected in a country's or community’s
policies and laws. There are several outdated and false stereotypes about feminism (for example,
feminism was defined as wanting women to defeat or overtake men into submission).

Gender Integration

Is the process of assessing the implications of any planned action including legislation, policies,
or programs for women, men, and people with diverse gender identities in all areas and at all
levels It is a strategy for incorporating the concerns and experiences of men, women, and people
of different gender identities into the design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of
policies and programs. This is done to ensure that all individuals benefit equally and that
inequality does not persist.

CONCLUSION
Above are terms associated with gender issues in society that have had a significant impact on
society at large around the world and led to contributions of issues such as development in
society on how exactly gender concepts play a role in the development concept.

REFERENCES

 Amadiume,I.(1987). Male Daughters, Female Husbands: Sex and Gender in an African

Society. Zed. London.
 Esplen,E. and Jolly,S.(2006). Bridge development gender: Gender and Sex, A Sample of
definitions. www.bridge.ids.ac.uk
 West, C. and Zimmerman, D.H. (1987). Gender and Society, Vol.1 No.2 June 1987 125-
151