(CHU Dé 3. MAU NGUYEN TU BO. QUANG PHO NGUYEN TU HIDRO ‘A. TOM TAT Li THUYET 1. Mau nguyén tir Bo Nam 1911, dya vio két qua thi nghiém ding hat a bin pha cdc la kim loai mong, Ro-do-pho (Emest Rutherford, 1871-1937, nha vat li ngudi Anh, giai NO-ben nam 1908) da xay dumg mot mau nguyén i, goi 1a miu hanh tinh, c6 ndi dung nhw sau: 6 tim nguyén tir 6 mét hat nhdn mang dién duong, xung quanh hat nhan c6 cic electron mang dién 4m chuyén d6ng giéng nhu céc hanh tinh chuyén déng quanh Mat Trai. Nhung miu nay di khéng giai thich duge tinh bén viing ctia nguyén tir va su xuat hién quang phd vach cia nguyén tu. Nam 1913, khi van dung thuyét lrong tr dé giai thich su tao thinh quang phé cia nguyén t6 don giin nat la hdrd, nha vat li Bo di bé sung vao mau hanh tinh nguyén tir etia Ro~do-pho hai gi thuyét sau day, vé sau due goi la cae tién dé cia Bo. a. Tién dé vé trang thai dig ‘Nguyén tir chi t6n tai trong mot sé tang thai cé nang lugng x: trang thai dimg, nguyén tir khdng bite xa. Chis §: + Vio mdt thoi diém nao dé, nguyén tir 6 trang thai dimg c6 ning Iwong thap nhat (trang thai co ban), trong cac thdi diém tiép theo nao dé nguyén ti cé “KHA NANG” hap thu dé chuyén lén trang thai dimg c6 ning long cao hon. + Vao mét thdi diém nao d6, nguyén tir 6 trang thai dimg khong phai lA trang thai co ban, trong cdc thoi diém tigp theo nao d6 nguyén tir cé "*KHA NANG” hap thu dé chuyén Ién trang thai dimg c6 nang long cao hon hode co “KHA NANG" bite xa dé chuyén xudng trang thai dimg cé nang Iugng thap hon. Binh thong, nguyén tir 6 trang thai dimg c6 ning Iuong thip nhit goi la trang thai co ban. Khi hap thu nang rong thi nguyén tir chuyén Ién cde trang thai dimg c6 ning lurong cao hon, goi la trang thai kich thich. ‘Thoi gian s6ng trung binh cia nguyén tir trong cdc trang thai kich thich rat ngin (chi vao cd 10~s). Sau dé nguyén tir chuyén vé cée trang thai dimg c6 nang luong thap hon, va cudi cing vé trang thai co ban, how ne Trong céc trang thai dimg cia nguyén tir, électron chuyén dng quanh hat nhan trén cdc quy dao cé ban kinh hoan toan xé dinh, goi la cdc quy dao dimg. E,. c dinh E,, goi li c c trang thai dimg. Khi 6 Bo da tim duge cdng thttc tinh ban kinh cua quy dao dimg cua électron trong nguyén tir hidrd: 1, =n*r,) (1) V6i n la s6 nguyén r,= 5,3.10~'' m, goi la ban kinh Bo. Dé chinh la bin kinh quy dao électron, img voi trang thai co ban cua nguyén ti ‘Neudi ta dat tén cho céc quy dao dimg cia céic electron img véi n khac nhau nhu sau: n 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ten K L M N oO P. b. Tién dé vé sur bite xg va hp thy ning hrong cia nguyén tir, Khi nguyén tir chuyén tir trang thai dimg c6 nang lwong E, sang trang thai c6 ning Iwong E,, nhé hon thi nguyén tt phit ra mét pho tén c6 nang rong ding bang higu: E, ~ Ey. En = hf (2) (hla hing sé Pling; n, m la nhing sé nguyén). Neuoe lai, néu nguyén tir dang 6 trang thi dig c6 nang Iuong Em ma hap thu duoe phétdn c6 ning lugng hf ding bing higu E, ~ E,, thi n6 chuyén sang trang thai dimg e6 ning long E,, lon hon. Tién dé nay cho thay, néu mét nguyén tir hp thu duoc mét phot6n c6 nang Iuong hf ding bing higu E,— E, thi n6 chuyén lén trang thai dimg c6 nang luong cao E, (Hinh 1). Digu nay gidi thich duge su dao vach quang pha . Su phat va hap thu phd tn béi nguyén tir duge biéu didn trén so dé Hinh 1, trong dé cdc dung nim ngang, c6 ghi cdc ki hiéu E,, Ey 6 bén canh, biéu dién cdc trang thai dimg cia nguyén tr co nang lrong Es, E,,; cde during nay goi 1a cde mic ning long. Sur chuyén mite nang lngng duge biéu thi bang mai En. Su chuyén tir trang thii dimg E,, sang trang thai dimg E, img v6i si nhay cia Glectron tir quy dao dimg ¢6 ban kinh fy sang quy dao dimg ¢6 bin kinh r, va nguge lai2. Quang phé vach ciia nguyén tir hidrd a) Khi khig sit thye nghiém quang phé cita nguyén tir hidr6, nguéi ta thay cdc vach phat xa cla nguyén tic hidrd sip xép thinh cée day khae nhau. +b) Mau nguyén tir Bo gidi thich durge cau trie quang phd vach ciia hidré ca vé dinh tinh Lin dinh Iuong. Khi nhgn duge ning long kich thich, cdc nguyén tt hidrd chuyén ti tang thai co ban E, len céc trang thai Kich thich khdc nhau, tite 1a électron chuyén tir quy dao dimg K (gin hat nhin nit) ra cée quy dao dimg Gphia ngoai. Khi chuyén ve trang thai co ban, cdc nguyén tir hidrd sB phat ra céc phtén (cde bite xa) c6 tin sé khae nhau. Vi vay quang phé cua nguyén tit hidré li quang pho vach. Cha j: Trong mot dng phong dign, do nho, cing c6 hang ti ti nguyén tir khi mot s6 nguyén wr thi phat vach quang phé nay, mét s6 khéc Iai phat vach khde. Nhé di cling mot lic, ta thu durge nhieu day vach, mdi re Jai c6 nhiéu vach. Ban kinh quy dao dimg: r, = n2ry Tén cic quy dao dimg cla electron ing véin khac nhau nhu sau: a 1 2 3 4 5 6 Tén K L M N 0 P. Vi dy 1: (DH— 2008): Trong nguyén ti hidr6, ban lanh B, la ro = 5.3.10 m. Ban kinh quy dao ding N 1a A.47,7.10- mB. 21,2. 107" m C.84,8.10-"! m, D.132,5.10"" m. ‘Hucing din ‘m) = Chon C. DH-2011) Trong nguyéa tir hidrd, ban kinh Bo 1a +, =5.310"m. O mot trang thai kich thich ela nguyén tr hidr6, electron chuyén ding trén quy dgo dimg c6 ban kinh la r =2,12.10-!° m. Quy dao dé c6 tn 0 la quy dao ding ALL. B.O. CN. D.M. Huéng dan ny, n= [=2— Chon A. % (Chi ¥: Dé tim t6c dé electron trén quy dao dig thi c6 thé Lim theo cc cach: * Khi electron chuyén dng trén quy dao n, luc hut tinh dign Cu-long déng vai trd 1a lye huéng tam: (véii k =9.10° Newt /C2) ‘Vi dy 3: Cac mic nang Iuong cia nguyén tir hidrd 6 twang thai dimg duge xdc dinh bang cOng thie: E, = =13,6/n? (eV) véi n 14 s6 nguyén; n = 1 ing véi mire co bin K; n = 2, 3,4 ... img véi cde mite ich thich Tinh t6c dé electron trén quy dao dimg Bo thit hai A. 1,1.108 (mm/s) B.1,2.10° (m/s). C.1,2.108 (m/s). D.1,1.10° (m/s). Hucbng din nan 1a huyén dOng tron du, dao M bing ALS. B.2. C.3. D.4. Hucing din gilta téc dé cia election trén quy dao K va téc dé cia électron hén quyAp dung: = ae a, 1 Chon C. Vi Theo miu nguyén tir Bo, trong nguyén tir hidrd, chuyén dng cia électron quanh hat nbn 1 chuyén ding tron déu. Ti s6 gitta t6c dé gée cia électron trén quy dao K va t5e dé géc ciia électron trén quy dao M bing Ad. B.27. C3. D.8. ‘Huwéng dan * Khi electron chuyén dng trén quy dao n, luc hiit tinh dign Cu—léng déng vai trd 1A lye huréng tim oe(Rp Ap dung: (3) -27= ChonB (Voi k=9.10° Nm? 1? Chi jz Khi e quay trén quy dao dimg thi nd tao ra dong dign 6 cudng 46 ‘Vi du 6: O trang thai co ban electron trong nguyén tir Hidro chuyén dong trén quy dao K c6 ban kinh t= 5.3.10" (m). Tinh cudmg d6 dong dién do chuyén dong do gay ra A.0,05 mA. B.0.95 mA. C.1,05 mA. D.1,55 mA, Hucéng din 1.6.10 910" 9,110.5, F10™ ,05.10° (A) = Chon C. ‘Vi dy 7: (DMH — 2017 — Lin 2) Xét nguyén ur hidré theo mau nguyén tir By, trong cée quy dao dimg cia electron c6 hai quy dao e6 ban kinh rm va mn. Biét tm — ts = 36te, trong d6 to 1a bain kinh Bo. Gid tri rs gan nat véi gid tri ndo sau day? A. 9845 B.87 1 C.50 to D.65 ‘Hicing din * Tir 1-1, = 361, o m'_—n"y, = 36, om" m= 10 5, ~100 { vee Chon A ‘Vi dy 8: (THPTOG — 2017) Xét nguyén tir hidrd theo mau nguyén tir By. Electron trong nguyén tir chuyén tir quy dao dimg m; vé quy dao dimg m; thi ban kinh gidm 27r (fo la ban kinh Bo), dng thoi ding nang cla electron ting thém 300%. Ban kinh cia quy dao dig m, c6 gid tri gin nhat v6i gid tri nao sau day? A. 60 1. B. 30 1. C.50 to. D.40 0. Hiéng dan * Teh, -k oS w, = 400% =e. tem} 2275 mj (4, = 36, > Chon D. Vi dy 9: (THPTQG — 2017) Xé nguyén tir hidrd theo miu nguyén ti Bo, Khi électron trong nguyén tr chuyén dng tron déu trén quy dao ding M thi 46 v (m/s). Biét ban kinh Bo la rp. Néu électron chuyén déng trén mét quy dao dimg véi thi gian chuyén ddng hét mat vong 1a 144zry/v (s) thi électron nay dang chuyén déng trén quy dao? ALP. CM. D.O.Hwing din TR, * Khitén quy dao M thin=2nén y=1/&° * Theo bai ra: T, Wr _ MAR n= 6> Chon A. v1 Jae 3am 2. Bite thi Néu chi c6 m6t nguyén tir hidrd dang 6 trang thai kich thich E sau d6 ng bite xa t6i da (n ~ 1) photon. P. 6: N M L ‘Néu khdi khi hidré dang 6 trang thai kich thich E, sau d6 n6 bite xa t6i da la n(n 1)/2 vach quang phi. Laiman ‘Vi dy 1: (DH—2009) Mot dim nguyén tir hidrd dang & hang thii kich thich ma Glectron chuyén dng tn quy dao dimg N. Khi électron chuyén vé cdc quy dao dimg bén trong thi quang phd vach phat xa ciia dim nguyén tir dé c6 bao nhiéu vach? AB. B.1. C6. D.4. Huing din 6=> Chon C Sé vach quang pl Vi dy 2: Chi 2 2 vao mt dm nguyén tir hidrd (dang ¢ trang thai co ban) mt chim sang don sie ma phdt6n trong chim c6 ning luong ¢ = Ep ~ E» (E», Ep la nang Ivong cia nguyén tir hidr6 khi électron 6 quy dao P, K). Sau d6 nghién ciru quang phé vach phat xa cua dam nguyén tir trén, ta thu dugc bao nhigu vach ? A. 15 vach. B. 10 vach. C. 6 vach. D.3 vach. ; Hucéng din Khi bikich thich chuyén lén quy dao p img véi n = 6. é vach quang phd = 2°—))_ 86“) 15 Chon a. z 2 (Chu y: Khi litn quan dén bite x@ va hdp thy ta ap dung cong thite: ‘Vi du 3: (DH — 2007) Hang s6 Pking h = 6,625.10-“s va toc d6 anh sing trong chan khdng ¢ = 3.10° mis, lay 1eV=],6.10 "J. Khi électrdn (électron) trong nguyén ttr hidrd chuyén tir qui dao dimg co nang lnong 0,85 eV sang qui dao dimg ¢6 ning lung —13,60 eV thi nguyén tir phat bite xa dign tir e6 bude séng, ‘A.0,4340 um, B. 0.4860 jum, C.0,0974 jum. D.0,6563 jum Huwéng din * LE, a= =0,0974.10(m)=> Chon C Chai yz Dura vao so d3 mie nding long suy ra: E,-E, = E,-E, =E,-E, Twong tu fynfothy thot ‘Vi du 4: Chiéu mét chim bire xa don sie c6 tin s6 2,924.10!5 (Hz) qua mét khdi khi hidré 6 nhiét d6 va 4p suat thich hop. Khi dé trong quang phé phat xa ciia khi hidrd chi cé ba vach tmg véi cdc tin s6 2,924.10!5 (Hz); 2,469.10" (Hz) va fchua biét. Tinh f. A.0,4671.10 Hz. B. 0,4571.10"° Hz. __C.0,4576.10"° Hz.__D. 0.4581.10!° Hz.Hwéng din fy =f =2,924.10!—2,4669.10" =0,4571.108 (Hz) => Chon B Chit ¥: Nang luong & trang thai co ban la E:, 6 trang théi dimg thir 2 (trang théi kich thich 1) la E, 6 trang thai dimg thir 3 (trang thai kich thich 2) i Ey. ‘Vi dy 5: Hai vach quang phd img véi cic dich chuyén ti quy dao L vé K va tir M vé L cia nguyén tir hidro c6 buse song lan lugt 18 21 1563 (A°). Biét mic nang long ca trang thai kich thich thir hai 14 —1,51 (eV). Cho eV Pling h = 6,625.10-41.S va t6c d6 anh s4ng trong chin KhOng ¢ = 3.10* m/s. Tinh mite nang long ciia hang thai corbin theo don vi (eV). A.=13,6 eV. B.=13,62eV. C.=13,64 eV. D.=13,43 eV. “Hiring dan oe he ~rstfev)-e, stssrsu0"{ ee Mev) 6563.10" 1216.10 )*7,6.10 8, =-13,62(eV) > Chon B. Vi dy 6: Khi Electron 6 quy dao dig thin thi ning lugng cia nguyéa ti hidrd duge xée dinh boi con thite E,=~13,6/n? (eV) (voi 2, 3,..). Khi electron hong nguyén tir hidrd chuyén tir quy dao dimg N ve quy dao dimg L thi nguyén tir phat ra phdtn c6 bude séng 2). Khi clectron chuyén ti quy dao dimg O quy dao dimg M_ thi nguyén tir phat ra phdt6n c6 bude séng ds. Méi lign hé gitra hai bude song Ay va Ao Ki A. 25ho = 36d B.622=5 hi €.256 do= 6751. __D.675 do = 256 1 Huwéng din =136 -13,6 2 136-136 3 Bie 3 Chonc 16 73, 7 356 13.6 " 225 ‘Vi dy 7: (DH — 2011): Khi éleciron 6 qui dao dimg thir n thi nang long cia nguyén tir hidr6 duoc xée dinh bai cng thie E, = -13,6/n? (eV) (v6i n= 1, 2, 3,...). Khi électron trong nguyén tir hidrd chuyén tir quy dao dung n = 3 vé quy dao dimg n = 1 thi nguyén tir phat ra phOtOn c6 bude song Ay. Khi électron chuyén tir quy dao dimg n = 5 vé quy dao dimg n= 2 thi nguyén tir phat ra photon c6 bude séng d. Méi lign hé gitta hai bude song As va do 1a A.27 da = 128 Ay Biko = Sy C.189 22> 800 dy Ddg= 4h Hucéng dan he FBS 8568 520 Chon C. 2179, 89 Bost 100 ‘Vi du 8: Mire nang long trong nguyén ti hidrd duoe xdc dinh bing E = —13,6/n? (eV) voi n < N*, trang thai co ban img véi ‘Khi nguyén tir chuyén tir mite nang lugng O vé N thi phat ra mt phé tn c6 bude song ig . Khi nguyén tir hdp thy mot phOt6n cé bude séng 2 n6 chuyén tir mitc nang luong K 1én mirc nang Iuong M. So véi ko thi % ‘A. nhé hon 3200/81 Lin, B. l6n hon 81/1600 lin C. nhé hon 50 lan. D. én hon 25 lin. Huong din Vi dy 9: (QG ~ 2015) Mot dam nguyén tir hidrd dang 6 trang thai co ban. Khi chiéu bite xa ¢6 tan s6 fi vao dam nguyén tir nay thi ching phat ra t6i da 3 bite xa. Khi chiéu bite xa c6 tan sd f; vio dam nguyén tir nay thi ching phat ra ti da 10 bie xa. Biét nang Iuong ting voi cde trang thdi dimg cua nguyén tir hidré duge tinh theo biéu thite En =~ Fy/ns (Fo la hing so durong, n = 1,23,..). Ti sO fy/fs 1a A.10/3. B.27/25, €.3/10. D.25227. Huong dinKhi 6 trang thai E, s6 vach quang pho: 2°) n(n-l) + Trung hop 1: -35n-3 + Trung hop 2: Ap dung céng thite: + Trung hop |: + Trudng hop 2: be =4£.3 5 chond. f, 27 Chi ¥: Binh thuong nguyén ur tung hoa vé dign, dé idn hoa nguyén wr hidrd cn phai cung cép cho Gleetron mOt nuing long dé né thodt ra khéi nguyén tir, ndi céch khéc Mi nd chuyén ddng rat xa hat nbin Do dé, nang lrong can cung cdp (nang lrong I-6n héa) phai dua nguyén tit hidré tir mite co ban (mike K) Ién mite nding long cao nhit (mites), tie ld 1=E, = E, =E, >, =-1 ‘Vi du 10: Trong quang phé hidro, ba vach img véi cic dich chuyén L — K, M— L va N ~ M cé bute song. in Iuot 18 0,1216 (yum), 0,6563 (tum) va 1,875 (um). Cho biét nang lurong cin thidt t6i thiéu d8 bitt electron ra khoi nguyén tir hidr6 tir tang thai co ban la 13,6 (eV). Tinh ue song tmg vai sw dich chuyén tir vé cing A.0,77 wm. B.0,81 um, C.0,87 pm. D..0,83 pm. Hing dan Fe fe Pe 413,61,6.10" =19.875.10%*(— 1) _,__1_) p< -38710"() 0,06563.10° 0,1216.10° “ Degg = = BTS 5 0,83.10°(m) = Chon D. 042,387.10 Gia str nguyén tir hidro dang tang thai co ban E,, néu hap thu duge pho t6n co nang long « thi nd sé chuyén lén trang thi dimg E, sao cho: E, = E; + €. Neu Fa=—13,6/r? thi +neN’ >cohdp thu. +ne¢N’ = khéng hip thu photon e. ‘Vi dy 1: Khi chiéu lin lot cdc bite xa photon ¢6 ning Iugng 9 (eV), 10,2 (eV), 16 (eV) vio nguyén tir hides G trang thai co ban. Hay cho biét trong cdc trutng hop dé nguyén tir hidé 6 hap thu photon khéng? Biét cdc mite nang Iugng cua nguyén tir hidré 6 hang thai dimg duge xéc dinh bing cdng thie: E,=~13,6/n2 (eV) véi nla sé nguyén, . A. khong hap thy phétdn nao. B. hap thy 2 photon. C. hap thu 3 photén. D. chi hap thy I phatén. Huéng dan + £=9(eV)>n=2,9¢N'= khong hap thu + £=10,2(eV)>0=2¢N > cé hip thy. =16(eV)=> khéng tén tai > khong hép thu. = ChonD ‘Vi du 2: Khi kich thich nguyén tir hidrd 6 trang thai co ban bing cach cho né hip thu photon c6 ning long thich hgp thi ban kinh quy dao dimg tang 9 (lan). Biét cae mire nang Iugng ca nguyén tr hidrd 6 trang thd dimg duge xe dinh biing cing thite: E, = -13,6/n? (eV) véi n la s6 nguyén. Tink ning long ca photon d6.A. 12,1 eV. B. 12,2 ev. C.123 ev. D.124 eV. Hwéng dan =n'r, =9, 0-3 Chon A. 361361017 -E,-E,- ‘Vi dy 3: Cac mie ning long ciia céc hang thai dimg ciia nguyén tir hidro duge xc dinh bing biéu thire En = ~13,6/n? (eV) (n = 1, 2, 3...). Néu nguyén ti: hidro hp thy mt photon ¢6 nang lvong 2,856 eV thi bude séng nhé nat cia bite xa ma nguyén tir hidro c6 thé phat ra Li: A.9,74.10-%m,__B.9,514. 10-'m. C.1,22. 10° D.4,87. 10-*m. Huong din —13,6 (eV), E> = -3,4 (eV), E: 68/45 (eV), Ey = -0,85 (eV), Es = ‘Tir E, = -13,6/n3 (eV) suy ra: E 0,544 (eV)... ‘Tanhan thay: F, 2,856 eV chuyén én mite Es ; ; Tirmite Es chuyén vé mite E; thi phat ra bute xa c6 ning lrong 1én nhat c6 thé (bude song nho nhit) a be 9 514.19*(m)=> ChonB 856 (eV), tire 1d nguyén tir hidro & mite Fz hap thy mét photon c6 nang hrong ‘Vi dy 4: (DH — 2013) Cie mire ning lugng ciia ede trang thai dimg cia nguyén tr hidro due xdc dinh bing bigu thite E, = -13,6/n? (eV) (n= 1, 2, 3...). Neu nguyén tir hidro hap thu m6t photon cé nang Inong 2,55 eV thi bude song nho nhat cia bife xa ma nguyén tir hidro c6 thé phat ra la A.9,74.10-%m,__B.1,46, 10-*m. C.1,22.1010-%m. D.4,87. 10-*m. ‘Huong dan 13.6 2, = BEET (BE = Chon A. b) Kich thich nguyén we hidro bang ctich va cham Néu nguyén tir hidrd 6 trang th4i eo bin va cham véi mbt electron ¢6 déng ning Wo, trong qué trinh tuong tac gia sir nguyén tir dimg yén va chuyén lén trang thai dimg E, thi déng nang cn lai cia electron sau va cham la W = W, -(E, -E,) 13.6 ‘Vi dy 1: Nguyén tir hidrd 6 trang thai co bin va cham v6i mét electron ¢6 ning luong 13,2 (eV). Trong qua trinh twrong tée gia sir nguyén tir dimg yén va chuyén Ién trang thai kich thich thi hai. Tim dong nang cin lai cia electron sau va cham. Biét cde mic ning long cia nguyén tr hidid 6 trang thdi dimg duge xde dinh bing cng thite: E,, =—13,6/n? (eV) vin 14s nguyén. A.0,42 eV. B.0,51 eV. C11 eV. D.0,16 eV. -13,.6 Huong din =W,-(E,-E, (= 1,11(eV)=> Chon C. Chi: 5: Néu ding chim electron mi méi electron c6 dong ning Wo dé bin pha khéi Hidro dang 6 trang thai co ban mudn né di chuyén Ién E,, ma kh6ng lén duge E,,, thi E, -E, < W, Chon D.BAI TAP TU LUYEN Bai 1: Xét cic quy dao dimg trong nguyén ti: hidro theo mé hinh ciia Bo, ban kinh qui dao Bo thir nam 1a 13,25 A®. M6t bin kinh khée bing 4,77 A° sé img v6i bn kinh qui dao By thir A2 B.1 C3. D.6. Bai Gia sir ban kinh quy dao L cia nguyén tir Hidr6 1a 2.10" m . Dua vao eac két qua cia tién dé Bo, c6 thé suy ra ban kinh quy dao N i: A.25.10%m, B.4.10-m, C.8.10-%m. D. 16.10m, Bai 3: Cic nguyén tir Hydro dang 6 trang thai dimg co ban e6 ban kinh quy dao 5.3.10" m, thi hap thu mot ning long va chuyén Ién trang th4i dimg cé ban kinh quy dao 4,77.10-! m. Khi cdc nguyén tir chuyén va cic trang thai cé mic nang Luong thdp hon thi né sé phat ra A. ba bite xa. B, mot bite xa. C. hai bue xa. D. bén bite xa. Bai 4: Khéi khi hidro nhan nang luong kich thich, electron chuyén lén quy dao O, khi electron chuyén vé cae quy dao bén trong, c6 kha ning phit ra nhigu nhat bao nhiéu vach quang phé? A6 B.5 C.10. D.7. Bai 5: Cic nguyén tir hidrd dang ¢ trang thai ding img véi electron chuyén déng trén quy dao ¢é ban kinh ln gip 9 lin so véi ban kinh Bo. Khi chuyén vé cée trang thai dimg ¢6 ning lugng thdp hon thi cic nguyén tir sé phat ra cdc bute xa.c6 tin s6 khde nhau. C6 thé co nhiéu nhdt bao nhiéu tan s6? Al B.3 C2 D.4. Bai 6: Chon cau ding vi noi dung gia thuyét Bo khi ndi vé nguyén tir hidr6? A. Néu chi c6 mot nguyén tir hidrd dang & trang thai kich thich thir ba sau d6 né bite xa 16i da séu photon. B. Néu chi c6 mét nguyén tis hidrd dang 6 trang thai kich thich thir hai sau dé n6 bite xa t6i da hai photon, C. Néu khdi Khi hidr6 dang 6 trang thai kich thich thir hai sau d6 n6 bite xa hai vach quang phé. D. Néu kh6i khi hidrd dang 6 trang thai kich thich thir ba sau d6 n6 bic xa nam vach quang phé. Bai 7: Chon phuong an sai v6i ndi dung gia thuyét Bo khi noi vé nguyén tir hidrd? Néu chi co mot nguyén tur hidré dang 6 trang thai A. trang thai co ban néu hdp thy duge ning Iuong thich hop no s chuyén lén trang thai c6 ning Iuong cao hon. RB. kich thich thir hai néu sau dé né chuyén vé trang thai co ban thi né bite xa tdi da hai phd ton, C. kich thich né chi e6 kha ning bite xa niing lnong ma khdng c6 kha ning hip thu niing Iuong. D. coban n6 chi c6 kha nang hdp thy nang long ma khong c6 kha nang bite xa nang lugng, Bai 8: Chon phuong an sai véi ndi dung gid thuyét Bo khi n6i vé nguyén tir hidr6? Neu chi cb mot nguyén tur hidré dang 6 trang thai A. kich thich thrnhat sau dé né bite xa mot photon. B. kich thich thir hai sau d6 né bite xa t6i da hai photon C. kich thich thirhai sau d6 n6 bite xa t6i da ba phéton. D. co ban n6 khOng c6 kha nang bic xa nang long. Bai 9: Khdi khi hidro 6 hang thai co ban hdp thu photon ting véi bude song 4 va chuyén lén trang thai kich thich thir hai, Sau dé kh6i khi sé bite xaA. chi m6t loai photon véi bude séng A. B. hai loai photon trong d6 c6 mét loai photon voi bude séng 2. C. ba loai photon trong 46 6 mét loai photon véi bude séng 2. D. ba loai photon trong dé khong c6 photon véi bude séng i. Bai 10: Nang luong trang thai dimg cua nguyén tir hidrd duge tinh E, = -13,6in? (eV) véi n 14 sé nguyén. Mot nguyén tir hidrd c6 electron trén quy dao N, chuyén v8 céc hang thai dimg e6 mite nding long thap hon, theo céch phat ra nhigu phétén nhit. Gid tri nado duéi diy 1a tin sé eta mét trong cdc phétén d6? A.4,57.10' Hz. B.2,92.10'5Hz. C. 3,08.10'% Hz. D..6,17.10'% Hz. Bai 11: Chiéu mét chim bite xa don sic c6 bude song 102,5 nm qua mét khéi khi hidrd & nbiét d6 va 4p suit thich hop thi thay khdi khi hidrd chi phat ra ba bite xa c6 bude song Ay < Ay < Ay. Néu As = 656,3 nm thi gid tri cla Ay va Ay lan Iuot la A.97.3 nmva 121,6 nm B. 102.5 nm va 121.6 nm. C. 102,5 nm va 410,2 nm. D.97,3 nm va 410,2 nm. Bai 12: Nang luong cia céc trang thai dimg trong nguyén tir hidid: Ex= sé Plang h = 13,6 (eV), Ex =~ 3,4 (eV). Hang .625.10—-J.S va téc dO anh sang trong chan khong ¢ = 3.108 m/s, ldy 1 eV = 1,6.10" J. Bude séng eiia vach img vai dich chuyén L —K la: A.0,1218 um, B,0,1219 um, €.0,1217 pm, D.0,1216 ym, Bai 13: Electron trong nguyén tir Hidrd chuyén tir qui dao c6 nang rong Ey = 15 eV x 12 quY dao 6 ning rong Fy =—3.4 eV. Cho eV = 1,6.10-19J, hing sé Pling h = 6,625.10-4J.s va tée dd anh sing trong chin khéng ¢= 3.108 m/s. Buée séng vach quang phé phat 1 A. 0,654 um. B.0,653 ym. C..0,643 jum. D.0,458 um. Bai 14: Cac mite nang rong cita nguyén tir hidré 6 trang thai dimg duge xde dinh bing céng thie: En = —13,6n? (eV) vai n fa sé nguyén. Hing s6 Plang h = 6,625.10Js va tc d@ anh sang trong chin khéng ¢ = 3.108 m/s, léy 1 eV = 1,6.10" J, Bude séng cia vach img vi dich chuyén M vé L la A.0,65 um. B.0,68 um. C.0,67 um. D.0,66 um. Bai 15: Electron trong nguyén tir hidré dich chuyén ti: quy dgo dimg L img véi mite ning long E, -34 (eV) vé quy dao dimg K tig véi mire nang luong Ex = 13,6 (eV) thi bite xa ra bude séng ta chiéu bite xa c6 bude s6ng A ndi trén vao catt cua mét té bao quang dién lam bang kim loai cé cng thoat electron 1a 2 (eV). Tinh téc dé ban dau cue dai cia electron quang dién. A.15.106 (m/s). B.1,6.106 (ms), C.1/7.108 (m/s) D.1,8.106 (ms). Bai 16: Khi chiéu lan luot cic bite xa photon c6 nang hrong 6 (eV), 12,75 (eV), 18 (eV) vao nguyén tir hidsd & trang thai cor bin. Biét cde mite ning lugng ctia nguyén tir hidrd & trang thai dimg duge xic dinh bing ‘céng thire: E, = -13,6/n? (eV) véi n 1a sé nguyén. Hay cho biét tong cdc truéng hop dé nguyén tir hidd c6 hap thy photon khong? Néu co nguyén wr sé chuyén dén trang thai ndo? A. khéng hap thu phétén nao. B. hap thu 2 phét6n. C. chi hip thu 1 photén. D. hap thy 3 phét6n.Bai 17: Biét cdc mite ning long ciia nguyén tir hidrd 6 trang thai dimg duoc xic dinh biing céng thite: E = 13,60 (eV), Er = 3,40 (eV), Es =—1,51 (eV), Es = -0,85 (eV)... Khi chiéu ln lugt cac bite xa photon vao nguyén tir hidrd 6 trang thai co ban thi phét6n c6 nang long nao sau day khdng bi hap thu? A112 eV. B. 12,09 eV. ©. 12,75 eV. D. 10,02 eV. Bai 18: Nguyén ti hidrd 6 trang thai co bin va cham véi mot electron c6 ning lugng 10,6 (eV). Trong qua trinh trong tic gid sir nguyén tir dig yén va chuyén lén trang thai kich thich dau tién. Tim dong nang con Iai cia electron sau va cham. Biét cde mite nding long cia nguyén tir hidrd 6 trang thai dimg durge xde dinh bing cOng thitc: En = —13,6/n? (eV) voi n 1a sé nguyén. A.0,3 eV. B.0,5 eV. C.04eV. D. 0,6 eV. Bai 19: Ding chim electron bin pha khéi khi hidré 6 trang thai co ban. Mudn thu duge chi 3 vach quang phé thi dong nang ciia electron cé gid tri nhur thé nao? Biét cic mite nang lugng cia nguyén tir hidrd 6 trang thai dimg duoc xac dinh bing cing thie: E, =~13,6/n? (eV) voi n Li sé nguyén. A. 12,1 eV = 12,75 eV. B. 12,2 eV ~ 12,75 eV. €. 12,3 eV ~ 12,65 eV. D. 12,1 eV ~ 12,65 eV. Bai 20: Gia tri nang lugng cia cde trang thai dimg ctia nguyén tir hidrd cho boi cOng thire En = —13,6in? (eV), n 1a mat s6 tu nhién. Hay xéc dinh bude s6ng nhiing vach quang phé cia nguyén ti hidrd xudt hign khi bin pha nguyén tir hidré 6 trang thai co ban bing chim electron cé dong nang 12,5 (eV). A.0,1228 um; 0,1028 um; 0,6575ym. —B. 0,128 wm; 0,1027 um; 0,6576 um. 1028 pum; 0,6576m. —D. 0,122(5 jim; 0,1028)m; 0,6576 pm. Bai 21: Trong quang phé vach ciia hidrd (quang phé ciia hidrd), bude séng ciia vach tg véi su chuyén cia dao K 1a 0,1217 pm, vach ting v6i su chuyén M vé L la 0,6563 pm. @lectrén (électron) tir quy dao L vé Buse séng cia vach tg véi sur chuyén M vé K bing A.0,3890 um. —_B. 0,5346 um. €.0,1027 um D. 0,780 iim Bai 22: Trong quang pho hidro ba vach img véi dich chuyén L vé K , M vé K va N vé K cé buce song lan luot la Ay = 1216 (A°), 1026 (A°) va 2.= 937 (A’). Hoi néu nguyén tir hidré bi kich thich sao cho electron chuyén Ién quy dao dig N thi nguyén tir ¢6 thé phat ra nhimg vach nado trong diy Banmer? Tinh bude séng cic vach do. A. 0,6564 pum, 0,4869 pm. B, 0,6566 pum, 0.4869 pm. C.0,6565 um, 0,4869 jum D. 0,6566 jum, 0,4868um. Bai 23: Voi nguyén tir Hidro khi nguyén tit ndy bi kich thich, electron chuyén én quy dao M thi khi chuyén vé trang thai co ban né e6 thé phat ra s6 bite xa la A. 3 bite xa. B. 4 bite xa. C. 2 bite xa. D- 1 bite xa. Bai 24: Céc mic ning luong ctia nguyén tir hidrd 6 trang thai dimg duge xde dinh bing céng thire: E, = —13,6/n? (eV) voi n 1a sé nguyén; n= I tg véi mte co ban K; n = 2, 3, 4 ... tg v6i cdc mite kich thich L, M,N... Biét khdi luong ciia electron 9,1.10-* (kg). Téc d6 electron trén quy dao ding thir 3 1a A..0,53.10° (an/s). B. 0,63.10 (m/s). C.0,73.10%(nm/s)._D.. 0,83.108 (m/s). Bai 25: Vach quang phé img véi dich chuyén L vé K va tng v6i dich chuyén M vé L trong quang phé Hidrd 1a 2,46.10!5Hz va 4,6.10'4Hz. Tan s6 img véi dich chuyén M vé K 1a,A.192.108Hz, B.2,14.10'5Hz, C.2,92.10!5Hz. D. 7,06.10'SHz. Bai 26: Trong quang phé hidro ba vach img v6i dich chuyén L vé K , M vé K va N vé K co bude séng 1a 0,120 um; 0,1028 pm; 0,0975 jm? Tinh nang Iugng ciia phdtOn tng véi img voi dich chuyén N vé L. Cho hing s6 Plang h = 6,625.10- J. tée d6 anh sing trong chan khong c= 3.10° m/s A.432109 1. B.4,56. 10-9 J. €.4,09.10-9J.D.4,9. 1079. pAP AN BAT TAP TULUYEN 1c 2.0 3A 4c 5.B 6B 7. B.C 9.0 10.4 ILB 2A 13.4 14D 15.C 16.C 17.A 18.C 19.4 20.C 2C (2B (2A (24C [BC [2c 27. 28. 2. 30.