BME 22 QUIZZES CH1 11 Not 100 Accurate

BME 22 CHAPTER 1 QUIZ 1
1. Which of the following is the starting point of innovation?

translation into the economy
commercial exploitation
conception of new ideas
conversion into a tangible artefact
2. By definition, the general term for output of innovation as a management process is

called ____.
Invention
Innovation
Entity
Product
3. This is the thinking of novel and appropriate ideas.

Creativity
Management
Development
Innovation
4. It is the successful implementation of those ideas within an organization.

Management
Development
Creativity
Innovation
5. It describes a management system wherein a company attains organizational

advancement through a commitment to customer requirements. A company meets
those requirements when it empowers every employee in every department to maintain
high standards and strive for continuous improvement.
Marketing Management
Service Management
Total Quality Management
Product Management
6. Quality circles; Just-In-Time (JIT) manufacturing system; new production planning

software & new inspection system are examples of what type of innovation?
Service Innovation
Production Innovation
Management Innovation
Organizational Innovation
7. The success of the JIT production process relies on the following EXCEPT
reliable suppliers
creation of new venture division
steady production
high-quality workmanship
8. In general, it is a party that has an interest in a company and can either affect or be
affected by the business.
Business Leaders
Stakeholder
Employees
Organization
9. Which of the following reasons provided the need to view innovation in an

organizational context?
Firms do not operate in a vacuum
Innovation is a team game
All of the choices
Significant innovations are synonymous with organizations
10. It is the pursuit of opportunity beyond the resources you currently control.
Accountancy
Management
Entrepreneurship
Innovation Management
11. Which of the following skills should an innovation manager possessed?

I. Virtual Management
II. Managing without Authority
III. Lax Management
IV. Shared Leadership
V. Building Extensive Networks
I, II, III, IV
I, II, IV, V
I, II, III, V
II, III, IV, V
12. Every year, cell phone manufacturers (i.e., Apple, Samsung, Huawei, Amazon etc.)
release updated and improved products to meet consumer demand and to integrate
new technology. What kind of innovation exemplifies this scenario?
Disruptive
Distractive
Sustaining
Transformative
13. Which of the following is a disruptive innovation?
I. Amazon
II. Netflix
III. Zoom
IV. Airbnb
I & II
II, III, IV
II & III
I, II, III, IV
14. This type of innovation drastically change and/or improves a product or service in
ways that the market did not expect.
Sustaining
Service
Management
Disruptive
15. Being innovative is relatively easy - the hard part is ensuring your ideas become
commercially viable. This is the reason why we need to ______.
know the supplier demands
understand the physical environment for resources needed
understand what the customer wants
understand what your employees need
16. In the 19th Century, economic historians observed that the acceleration in
economic growth was the result of technological progress.
True
False
17. Who defined innovation as "the act of introducing new devices, method or material
for application to commercial or practical objectives"?
Skilienge
Shilieng
Schieling
Schilling
18. It is a theory of economic growth that explains how savings, investments and growth
respond to population growth and technological change
The Schumpeterian view
Benoit Godin Theory in Economic
Classical Economics
Neo-Classical Economics
19. What does DUI stands for in the DUI mode of innovation?
Driving Under Influence
Develop, Understand, and Innovate
Don't Underestimate Innovation
Doing, Using, and Interacting
20. These individuals spot opportunities and develop businesses.

Innovators
Investors
Entrepreneurs
Stakeholders
1. He preached technology as the engine of growth but also noted that to

invest in technology there had to be spare resources and long time-horizons.
Shumpeter
Sckumpetere
Sumpter
Schumpeter
2. What is feature K3 in Kondratieff Waves of Growth?

Fordism
Electrical and Heavy Engineering
Steam Power and Railway
Information and Communication
3. One of the major weaknesses of the effectiveness of policies to develop technological

entrepreneurship is insufficient recognition of the overlaps and linkages between these
four areas except:
Entrepreneurship Innovation
Small and medium-sized enterprise
Politics
Science and Technology
4. Within the EU and in other countries too, such as South Korea, innovation policy
has focused generally on four key objectives except:
The generation of new knowledge.
Enhancing diffusion of knowledge and technology (network interaction effects).
National systems of innovation and entrepreneurship.
Making government investment in innovation more effective.
Establishing the right incentives to stimulate private sector innovation to transform
knowledge into commercial success.
5. Economies dominated by this type of philosophy will have serious difficulties in

moving beyond commercial activities. What is this philosophy?
medium-termism
termism
long-termism
short-termism
6. Which of the following are characteristics that influenced innovation recognized by

Marshall which cited by Dicken in 1998?
I. Networks between scientific and academic communities and business circles
II. Society’s perception of new development
III. The role played by the state in accommodating and promoting capitalistic changes
and preparing the framework for the development of capitalism.
IV. The relationship between the entrepreneurs and financiers
I, II, IV
III and I
III, IV
I, II, III, IV
7. It refer to countries with no or limited indigenous technology development capacity.

Core Regions
Late-liberalist
Late-industrialisers
Industrialisers
8. This is where economic processes are viewed in their social and political entirety.
Local Economy
National Economy
Integral Process
Integral Economics
9. Which of the following paved the way of realization that state is needed to foster
innovation?
I. The ‘public’ nature of knowledge that underpins innovation
II. The uncertainty that often hinders the process of innovation
III. The need for certain kinds of complementary assets.
IV. The need for cooperation and governance, resulting from the nature of certain
technologies.
IV
II and IV
I, II, III, IV
I, II, III
10. Kondratieff waves of growth shows that the capitalist economy grew on the basis of
major innovations in product, process and organization with accompanying shifts in the
social arena.
It depends
Sometimes
False
True
11. It is an area of public policy concerned with the government decisions that affect the
conduct of the science and research enterprise, including the funding of science, often
in pursuance of other national policy goals, such as technological innovation to promote
commercial product development, weapons development, health care and
environmental monitoring.
Science and technology policy
Entrepreneurship Policy
Small and medium-sized enterprise.
Innovation Policy
12. It attempted to concentrate on developing an environment and support system to

foster the emergence of new entrepreneurs and the start-up and early-stage growth of
new firms.
Small and medium-sized enterprise.
Entrepreneurship Policy
Innovation Policy
Science and technology policy
13. Which of the following key objectives that have generally focused by innovation
policy?
I. The generation of new knowledge.
II. Making government investment in innovation more effective.
III. The generation of profit
IV. Enhancing diffusion of knowledge and technology (network interaction effects).
V. Establishing the right incentives to stimulate private sector innovation to transform
knowledge into commercial success.
I, II, III, IV
I, II, III, V
I, II, IV, V
I, II, III
14. It stated that Science and technology are essential for national development and
progress. The State shall give priority to research and development, invention,
innovation, and their utilization; and to science and technology education, training, and
services.
Article XIV, Section 10, 1987 Phil. Con.
Article X, Section 14, 1987 Phil. Con.
Article III, Section 6, 1987 Phil. Con.
Article XV, Section 11, 1987 Phil. Con.
15. Which of the following factors affects economic development according to Joseph
Schumpeter?
I. External factors such as demand by government (changes in legislation, defense
orders).
II. Factors of growth or gradual changes in economic life that are accomplished through
day-to-day activities and adjustments.
III. ‘The outstanding fact in the economic history of capitalist society’, innovation.
II only
III only
I, II, III
None of the Above
16. Technology is the engine of growth and there had to be spare resources and long-
time horizons. (T)
Business environment must not give the right signals to the business units for them to
invest in such operations. (F)
If both of the statement is True
If both of the statement is False
If the first statement is True and the second statement is False
If the first statement is False and the second statement is True
17. 1. The first wave actually corresponds to the need to produce in greater quantities to
start serving the growing overseas markets with the improved transport methods now
available was complemented by the abundance of finance with the money flowing in
from the colonies. (T)
2. As Marx (1972) foresaw, capitalism has always found a way of reproducing itself with
changes in the way factors of production were organized. (T)
18. 1. When the business environment became conducive to business activity, after
initial capital accumulation in key industries, then an upward move was observed along
the ladder of industrialization. (T)
2. When Entrepreneurship is considered, the focus of entrepreneurs and businesses
was initially on imitative production (so-called ‘reverse engineering’) in relatively
unsophisticated industries. (F)
19. 1. According to Drucker, ‘Innovation is the specific function of entrepreneurship’ and

entrepreneurship, ‘is the means by which the entrepreneur either creates new wealth-
producing resources or endows existing resources with enhanced potential for creating
wealth’. (T)
2. Entrepreneur and entrepreneurship is best captured by George Bernard Shaw’s
famous quote: “The reasonable man (woman) adapts himself (herself) to the world. The
unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself (herself). Therefore, all
progress depends on reasonable men (and women)” (F)
20. 1. Drucker’s recurring theme is that good entrepreneurship is usually market-
focused and market-driven. (T)
2. Dicken recognizes that business people are often ruthless robber barons, obsessed
by their dreams of building ‘private kingdoms’ and willing to do anything to crush their
rivals. (F)
1. It involves assessing one’s own technological capability and present or future market
needs and visioning a market offering that people will want to buy.
Company Vision
Market Vision
Market Mission
Company Mission
2. This happens when there is a positive interrelationship between products.

Innovation
Management
Complementarity
Substitution
3. The shoe company, Res Toe Run, hosts a 'new release slides day' contest on
Twitter. it engages its fans by asking then what their favorite new slides is that week,
and fans who participate have a chance to win Birkenstock slides. Res Toe Run gained
relevant consumer insights after the contest.
Variation
Name Branding
Preferences
Profitability
4. It is a common method of getting ideas from a group of people that is usually done
through social media like Facebook.
Online Experiment
Social Media traffic data search
Facebook search
Crowdsourcing
5. Conspicuous consumption happens when
a customer purchases a good/service for the purpose of satisfying needs
a customer purchases a good/service for the purpose of complying with the society
a customer purchases a good/service for the purpose of displaying wealth
a customer purchases a good/service for the purpose of being on trend
6. Frugal innovation is the art of

removing non-expensive features from a good to sell it in developed countries
removing non-essential features from a good to sell it in developing countries
removing essential features from a good to sell it in developing countries
removing non-essential features from a good to sell it in developed countries
7. When an innovator meets the needs of the next round of new customers, he/she is
able to create strategies to _____________.
create an innovation
improve opinion leadership
tolerate the other adopters
cross the chasm
8. This group of leaders offer advice or information about a product, service and how a
particular product may be used. They influence the attitudes and actions of the
customers informally.
Opinion leaders
Managers
Visionaries
Innovation leaders
9. They typically tend to be focused on “traditions”, likely to have lowest social status,
lowest financial fluidity, be oldest of all other adopters, in contact with only family and
close friends, very little to no opinion leadership.
Pragmatists
Laggards
Conservatives
Visionaries
10. Individuals in this category will adopt an innovation after the average member of the
society. They are typically skeptical about an innovation and very little opinion
leadership.
Enthusiasts
Laggards
Conservatives
Pragmatists
11. This group realizes that judicious choice of adoption will help them maintain central
communication position.
Conservatives
Pragmatists
Visionaries
Enthusiasts
12. This theory classifies stages in the technology life cycle by the relative percentage
of customers who adopt it at each stage
Typology of Paradoxes of technological products
Roger's Theory of Diffusion
Seasonality Theory
Bass Diffusion Model
13. The basic premise of this theory is that adopters can be classified as innovators and
the speed and timing of adoption depends on their degree of innovativeness and the
degree of imitation amongst adopter.
Seasonality Theory
14. Process by which innovations, whether they are new products, new processes or
new management methods, spread within and across economies.
Firm Adoption
Market Adoption
Technology Diffusion
15. Technology can facilitate human togetherness and can lead to human separation.
This is a paradox of __________.
Fulfils needs -- Creates needs
Freedom -- Enslavement
Efficiency -- Inefficiency
Assimilation – Isolation
16. Cars clearly give people independence because they can go wherever they like
however many drivers feel lost without it. This illustrates what kind of technological
paradox?
Fulfils needs -- Creates needs
New -- Obsolete
Freedom -- Enslavement
Engaging – Disengaging
17. Analyzing the following statements, which is/are critical to the issue on technology
diffusion?
I. Consumer willingness to embrace change
II. Consumer reaction to innovative new products
III. Consumer perception to a significant change in required behavior in order to use the
product.
I only
III only
I & III
I, II, III
18. Cosmetics firms are looking at weather conditions and emotional changes as factors
affecting consumer's beauty habits. What theory best explains the scenario?
Seasonality Theory
19. Refers to the degree of change required in the thinking and behavior of the
consumer in using the product.
Technology Diffusion
Consumption Pattern
Market Adoption
20. Which of the following actions is/are essential to a visionary?

I. Seek for profitable opportunities
II. Communicate the change
III. Motivate the team
IV. Put the plan in motion
II, III, IV
II & III
I, II, III, IV
I, II, IV
1. Which of the following refers to the efficient and quick way of accomplishing any
task?
Slack
Competitiveness
Stability
Creativity
2. Which of the following refers to the development of new ideas and products?
Stability
Slack
Creativity
Competitiveness
3. In a repetitive and highly organized environment, why does a firm need to weed out
any slack or inefficiencies in their system?
To ensure that their costs is lower than their competitors
To ensure that their products are carefully manufactured to precise specifications and
that they are delivered for customers on time day after day
To foster a creative environment
To avoid switching costs
4. Which of the following best describe a firm or an organization being an

ambidextrous?
I. To compete simultaneously in both mature and emerging markets
II. To explore and exploit
III. Entails not only separate structure sub-units for exploration and exploitation, but also
different competencies, systems, incentives, processes and cultures
III only
II only
I,II,III
I only
5. It refers to the efficiency, increasing productivity, control, certainty and variance

reduction within firms.
Ambidexterity
Exploitation
Exploration
Stability
6. It refers to the discovery, autonomy, innovation and embracing variation within firms.
Ambidexterity
Exploration
Stability
Exploitation
7. What is the dominant pattern of technological development in a low technology

sectors?
Employ high switching costs to prevent customers from moving to another brand
Shift the balance of innovation to efficiency and that it re-inforce exploitative activities
crowding out more significant innovations
Pressures R&D to improve product and production processes to lower costs over time
High path-dependency, which is continuously stabilized by incremental innovation
8. It reinforces the capabilities of established organizations.

Modular Innovation
Incremental Innovation
Radical Innovation
Architectural Innovation
9. This forces firms to ask a new set of questions, to draw on new technical and
commercial skills, and to employ new problem-solving approaches.
Modular Innovation
Radical Innovation
10. In Pearson’s uncertainty map, which of the following quadrant represents activities
involving a high degree of uncertainty about means and ends and it is called exploratory
research or what we call, blue sky?
Quadrant 4
Quadrant 1
Quadrant 2
Quadrant 3
11. Which of the following quadrants in uncertainty map has the clear target and end but
the means on how to achieve it is still unidentified?
Quadrant 4
Quadrant 1
Quadrant 3
Quadrant 2
12. In uncertainty map, this area covers innovative activities where there is most
certainty.
Quadrant 4
Quadrant 3
Quadrant 1
Quadrant 2
13. It requires new knowledge for one or more components but architectural knowledge
remains unchanged.
Radical Innovation
Modular Innovation
14. Which of the following refers to the number of professional groups or diversity of
specialists within the organization.
Complexity
Organizational Size
Centralization
Formalization
15. It refers to the decision-making activity and the location of power within an
organization.
Formalization
Complexity
Centralization
Organizational Size
16. These are the critical factors for innovation success, except:
Market-related factors
Product-related factors
Economics-related factors
Firm-related factors
Project-related factors
17. This requires continual external scanning, not just by senior management but also
by all other members of the organization.
Internal Links
External Links
Vigilance
Competitors
18. This refers to the role that can be played by the government in the process of idea
generation and its subsidization and distribution.
The need for certain kinds of complementary assets
The need for cooperation and governance, resulting from the nature of certain
technologies
The uncertainty that often hinders the process of innovation
The ‘public’ nature of knowledge that underpins innovation
19. This concept is used to show the way in which some states achieved a major
transformation of the economy and society.
productive states
revolutionary states
developmental states
corruption states
20. This is an area of public policy concerned with the government decisions that affect
the conduct of the science and research enterprise, including the funding of science,
often in pursuance of other national policy goals, such as technological innovation to
promote commercial product development, weapons development, health care and
environmental monitoring
Innovation Policy
Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Entrepreneurship Policy
Science and Technology Policy
1. Statement 1: Reverse engineering compresses product development times.

Statement 2: Reverse engineering of a part may be attempted, even if it is not
cost effective, if the part is absolutely required.
Both statements are false
Statement 1 is false while statement 2 is true
Both statements are true
Statement 1 is true while statement 2 is false
2. Statement 1: Tetrapak, PET bottles, and in-can systems are innovations in the
food packaging industry.
Statement 2: Process innovation is the introduction of long-established and time-
tested production and service operations to achieve lower costs and/or produce better
quality products and services.
3. Statement 1: The purpose of design is to develop things that satisfy needs and
meet expectation of the top manager.
Statement 2: Lean engineering or innovation is the process of duplicating an
existing component, subassembly or product, without the aid of drawings,
documentation or computer model.
4. Statement 1: Innovation may also be a new application of an existing technique
to a different situation.
Statement 2: Design is the process of applying scientific principles and
inventions.
5. Statement 1: Quality performance of an organization depends on the operations

management responsibility and innovation.
Statement 2: In order to design quality products and services, it is necessary to
fully understand your customers and their expectations.
6. Statement 1: A concept defines the relationship between the component product

and services which the design fulfils its expected benefits.
Statement 2: A package is what the customer actually purchases and constitutes
the ingredients of the design.
7. Statement 1: Quality function deployment (QFD) is a structured approach to this

problem that relates the voice of the customer to every stage of the design and the
delivering process.
Statement 2: QFD is also known as the House of Quality.
8. Statement 1: As the required volume increases, the most appropriate method of

manufacture is to stick with the traditional way.
Statement 2: If the volume required increases even more, robots should never be
an option because it violates the right to work of every human being.
9. Statement 1: For a TQM approach to be successful, all top managers in all key
departments have to be involved.
Statement 2: In a TQM approach, employee improvement is essential during the
certification process only.
10. Statement 1: The product design engineer considers the ergonomics of the car
seat which is the key feature in a car purchase decision.
Statement 2: The process design engineer considers the ergonomics of the
whole car product.
11. This shows that results are achieved through a number of enablers in managing and
controlling the input/output transformation processes involved.
ISO 900 Approach
EFQM Excellence Model
ETQM Excellence Model
ISO 9000 Approach
12. A structured approach to this problem that relates the voice of the customer to every
stage of the design and the delivering process.
ISO 9000 Approach
Quality Function Deployment
13. This is the part when the goal is to remove all the waste in the system.
Seek perfection
Establish pull
Create flow
Map the value stream
14. This technique is used to extensively aid the understanding of the differences
between the customer and producer view or experience of a product or service.
ISO 9000 Approach
Gap Analysis
15. This type of innovation focuses on increasing efficiency by capturing customer
feedback early and often minimize waste.
Frugal Innovation
Management Innovation
Lean Innovation
Organization Innovation
16. Which of the following is a disadvantage of Just-In-Time Inventory Management?

Manufacturer have no margin to make errors
Eliminates lead time
Eliminates wastage
Less investment in raw material
17. The system of managing all the activities across company boundaries in order to
drive the whole chain network towards the shared objective of satisfying the customers.
Product Management
Supply Chain Management
18. This is the first step in eliminating the waste within the manufacturing process.
Create flow
Establish pull
Identify customer value
19. An effective system for integrating the quality development, quality maintenance and
quality improvement efforts of the various groups in an organization so to enable
production and service at the most economical levels which allows for full customer
satisfaction.
Service Management
Product Management
20. This is the part when the goal is to remove all the waste in the system.
Seek perfection
Establish pull
Create flow
1. According to the world trade organization, these are the rights given to persons over
the creations of their minds and an exclusive right over the use of his/her creation for a
certain period of time.
Copyrights
Patent System
Intellectual Property Rights
Trademarks
2. It refers to a certain business activities and processes such as special ways of

working, price costings or business strategies that are not patented, copyrighted or
trademarked.
Trade Secrets
Patent Trolls
Infringement
None of the Above
3. Under which, the applicant for intellectual property has up to 18 months more than he
has in a procedure to reflect on the desirability of seeking protection in foreign countries
and he has enough time to appoint local patent agents or representatives in each
foreign country, prepare the necessary translations and pay the national fees.
World Intellectual Property Organization
Patent Cooperation Treaty
Intellectual Property Office
World Trade Organization
4. It refers to the granting of a property right by a sovereign authority to an inventor.

Patent
Copyright
Trademark
Registered Design
5. Which of the following refers to the detailed description of the invention and must
disclose enough information to enable someone else to repeat the invention?
Patent
Patent Executive Summary
Patent Abstract
Specification
6. Which of the following is a short statement printed on the front page of the patent
specification, which identifies the technical subject of the invention and the advance it
represents?
Patent
Patent Executive Summary
Patent Abstract
Specification
7. How many years is the term of a patent protection?

twenty (20) years from the filing date of the application
lifetime of the author plus fifty (50) years
lasts for a maximum of 15 years
ten (10) years from the date of registration and is renewable for a period of ten (10)
years at a time
8. The term of protection for literary and artistic works, and in derivative works is
generally the lifetime of the author plus fifty (50) years.
Patent System
Copyright
Trademark
Registered Design System
9. It is an order of the court that prohibits a person making infringing copies of a work of
copyright.
Accounts
Case
Damages
Injunction
10. It is intended for those designs proposed to have some form of aesthetic appeal.
Patent System
Copyright
Trademark
11. Its period of protection is ten (10) years from the date of registration and is
renewable for a period of ten (10) years at a time.
Patent System
Copyright
Trademark
12. It refers to the company's official name and its goal is to provide an easy way to
recognize and remember the name that evokes a positive response in consumers.
Trademark
Brand name
Registered Design
Registered Name
13. It is the unauthorized use in commerce of a registered trademark or a copy or
colorable imitation thereof, which results in the likelihood of confusion among the
consuming public.
Copyright Infringement
Trademark Infringement
Intellectual Property
Patent forging
14. How many years is the period of protection of a registered trademark?

years at a time
15. How many years a registered design last?

years at a time
16. Under the Patent Act, what shall be taken to be capable of industrial application if it
can be a machine, product or process?
invention
business
regulations
design
17. The two most important sources of information relating to a patent are the patent
specification and the
patent design
patent credibility
patent abstract
patent uniqueness
18. Intellectual properties created by investors are protected by:

patents
registered designs
geographical indications
copyright
19. Intellectual properties created by artists are protected by:

registered designs
patents
trademarks
copyrights
20. What does a trademark protect?

invention
a work of art
logos, names, and brands
the look, shape and feel of a product
1. Which of the following can be defined as the paths by which innovations in a given
field occur that can be explained by the interplay between scientific advances, economic
factors and institutional variables?
Cultural Trajectory
Economic Trajectory
Technological Trajectory
Societal Trajectory
2. Which of the following refers to the knowledge that is useful and applicable?
Absorptive Capacity
Firm’s-specific Capabilities
Firm’s-specific Competencies
Firm-specific Knowledge
3. It is the ability of firms to recognize, assimilate and apply new knowledge for the
benefit of their business performance.
Firm’s-specific Competencies
Firm-specific Knowledge
Firm’s-specific Capabilities
Absorptive Capacity
4. What are the three basic capacities in Absorptive capacity in relation to new
knowledge?
I. Contextualization of knowledge
II. Recognition of its value
III. Assimilation
IV. Application for commercial purposes.
II, III, IV
None of the above
I,II,III
I,III, IV
5. Which of the following trajectories goes through that direction of an external analysis
of the environment and aligning the firm to it and to an internal analysis and aligning the
firm’s resources to the external environment?
Acquisition of firm-specific knowledge
Dynamic Competence-based theory of the firm
Developing Firm-specific competencies
Resource-based Perspective
6. According to David Teece, it refers to the capability to replicate previously performed

tasks.
Static Routine
Dynamic Routine
Tacit Knowledge
Trajectory
7. It enables a firm to develop new competences and that it often refers to those
activities that are not easily identifiable and may be dominated by tacit knowledge.
Tacit Knowledge
Static Routine
Trajectory
Dynamic Routine
8. Which of the following observes how new innovations create a new market and a new
value network, which in turn disrupts an existing market?
Disruptive Innovation theory
Dynamic Competence-based theory of the firm
Resource-based Perspective
Acquisition of firm-specific knowledge
9. It refers to the set of reproducible capabilities in product, process and support areas.
Individual Assets
Technological Assets
External Assets
Administration Assets
10. It refers to the relations that the firm establishes with current and potential allies,
rivals, suppliers, customers, political actors and local communities.
Individual Assets
External Assets
11. These are specifically, the skill profile of employees and managers, the routines,
procedures and systems for getting things done, the organizational structure, the
strategies that guide action and the culture that shapes shared assumptions and values.
External Assets
Individual Assets
12. It refers to the skills and knowledge of the individuals that form the organization.
Individual Assets
External Assets
13. Which of the following phases of innovation exhibit that the manufacturing process
relies on craftsmanship and highly skilled labor and general-purpose equipment and
there is almost no process innovation?
Transitional Phase
Specific Phase
Dominant Design
Fluid Phase
14. It enables the firm to collect monopoly rents, providing imitation can be limited,
possibly with the use of intellectual property rights.
Dominant Design
Transitional Phase
Fluid Phase
Specific Phase
15. Its aim is to try to ensure that the product is launched into the market before the
competition.
Cost Minimization/imitative
Fast Follower/Defensive
Market segmentation specialist/traditional
Leader/Offensive
16. Which concept states that the choices made by any firm must take place in a
changing environment, characterized by changing levels of technology, changing
market conditions and changing societal demands?
technology trajectories
Dynamic competence-based theory
dynamic capabilities
The Battle of Trafalgar
17. This states that the firm sees both the external and internal environments as
dynamic where the external environment is constantly changing as different players
maneuver themselves and a company’s internal environment is also evolving.
developing firm-specific competencies
dynamic competence-based theory of the firm
the acquisition of firm-specific knowledge
the resource-based perspective
18. Technology in itself does not mean success; firms must be able to convert intellect,
knowledge
and technology into things that customers want. This ability is referred to as:
core competencies of the firm
the ability to use its assets to perform value-creating activities.
the ability to use manpower in order to be more productive.
dynamic competencies
19. In the phases of innovation, this variable is fluid when it comes to product change.
Innovation
Process
Competitors
Product
20. In the phases of innovation, this variable's battle for dominant design has less
differentiation due to mass production.
Competitors
Innovation
Threats
Product
1. Statement 1: A strategic alliance is an agreement between two or more partners to

share knowledge or resources, which could be beneficial to all parties involved.
Statement 2: One of the major factors that prevents many firms from achieving their
technical objectives and, therefore, their strategic objectives, is the lack of resources.
2. Statement 1: Technology partnerships between, and in some cases amongst,

organisations are becoming more important and prevalent.
Statement 2: As the costs, including risk associated with R&D efforts, continue to
increase, no company can remain a ‘technology island’ and stay competitive.
3. Statement 1: Outsourcing refers to the delegation of non-core operations from

internal provision or production to an internal entity specializing in the management of
that operation.
Statement 2: Outsourcing involves transferring or sharing management control and/or
decision making of a business function to an outside supplier, which involves a degree
of one-way information exchange, coordination and trust between the outsourcer and its
client.
4. Statement 1: A joint venture usually is a separate legal entity with the partners to the
alliance normally being equity shareholders.
Statement 2: The absence of a legal entity means that such arrangements tend to be
more flexible. This exists in collaboration or non-joint ventures.
5. Statement 1: A consortium describes the situation where a number of firms come

together to undertake what often is a large-scale activity.
Statement 2: The rationale for joining an Research & Design consortium includes
sharing the cost and risk of research, pooling scarce expertise and equipment,
performing pre-competitive research and setting standards.
6. Statement 1: Clusters are amorphous concentrations of interconnected companies,

specialised suppliers, service providers and associated institutions in a particular field
that are present in a nation or region.
Statement 2: In practice, location remains central to market scope competition.
7. Statement 1: Innovation networks offer a new form or organization giving a sort of

'physical organization'.
Statement 2: Innovation networks have been described as federated in that a set of
loosely affiliated firms work relatively autonomously but, nonetheless, engage in mutual
monitoring and control of one another.
8. What is the third and final process of forming strategic alliance?

Negotiations of each other's needs
Continual management
Selection of suitable partner
Management towards collaboration
9. This is known as the non-disclosure agreement.

Arbitration
Confidentiality
Infringement
Termination
10. A type of trust tied to past or expected exchange, such as reputation or gift
exchange.
Institutional
Reputational
Personal
Process
11. Goodwill trust is tied on/to ________.

a person, depending on family background, religion or ethnicity
mutual expectations of open commitment to each other beyond contractual obligations
formal structures, depending on individual or firm specific attributes
confidence in the other’s ability to perform properly
12. Honouring the accepted rules of exchange is also known as _______ trust.
contractual
competence
exchange
agreement
13. Which of the following are negative outcomes brought by strategic outsourcing?
I. Hidden Cost
II. Loss of Competencies
III. Social Risk
IV. Inefficient Management
II, III, IV
I, II, III
II, IV
I, II, III, IV
14. The prisoner's dilemma is a scenario in which the gains from cooperation are larger
than the rewards from pursuing self-interest.
True
False
15. According to this theory, the actions and choices of all the participants affect the
outcome of each. And it's assumed players within the game are rational and will strive to
maximize their payoffs in the game.
dilemma
prisoner
alliance
game
16. The game is called a/an _______ because if the two prisoners had cooperated by
both remaining silent, they would only have had to serve a total of four years of jail time
between them. If the two prisoners can work out some way of cooperating so that
neither one will confess, they will both be better off than if they each follow their own
individual self-interest, which in this case leads straight into longer jail terms.
dilemma
innovative
competitive
assumption
17. For manufacturing firms, the idea of outsourcing to China and Canada is attractive
because of low labor costs.
True
False
18. One of the possible risks of strategic outsourcing is information leakage.

True
False
19. Licensing is limited to the authorized use of a trademark or technology, whereas

franchising is a broader legal relationship that requires a business be developed and
operated in compliance with brand standards, specifications, and other requirements
designated by the franchisor.
True
False
20. A company's _________ is determined by the size of its staff, resources, revenues,
and market share.
technological capabilities
resource allocation
alliance
critical mass
1. R&D is the purposeful and systematic use of scientific knowledge to improve man's
lot even though some of its manifestations do not meet with universal approval.
True
False
2. R&D is a major investment contributing to company success along with other factors
like excellent operations and good strategic choices.
True
False
3. Peripheral technologies are usually central to all or most of the company's products.
True
False
4. Emerging technologies are additional technology that is essential in product

development.
True
False
5. Unlike many other business activities, successful R&D cannot be managed on an

annual budgetary basis.
True
False
6. The following are criterions for a good research project, except:

Is dependent on the completion of other projects
Develops the skills of the researcher
Demonstrates the integration of different fields of knowledge
Demonstrates the abilities of the researcher
7. The process of deriving a definitive conclusion from a series of premises is what type
of reasoning?
Inductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Positivistic reasoning
Objective reasoning
8. Which of the following types of research utilizes the same methodology but has a
different selection to assess the outcomes of the study?
Hypothesis testing
A replication study
An empirical study
An exploratory study
9. An experiment is performed by a researcher to explore how different factors play a

role in determining job-seeking behaviors. The study's primary goal was to have a/an:
Explanation
Description
Exploration
Prediction
10. Employee job contentment is increasingly being affected by corporate cyberbullying.

Scientists are interested in learning why people behave this way and how they feel
about it. The investigation's main goal is:
Description
Prediction
Exploration
Explanation
11. A theory:
Should be viewed uncritically
Is independent of research methodology
Is an accumulated body of knowledge
Includes inconsequential ideas
12. Which research method is a bottom-up approach to research?

Explanatory method
Inductive Method
Deductive method
Exploratory Method
13. How much confidence should you place in a single research study?
You should trust research findings after different researchers have replicated the
findings
Both answers are correct
You should completely trust a single research study
Neither answers are correct
14. This activity involves work of a general nature intended to apply to a broad range of
uses or to new knowledge about an area.
Applied research
Curiosity-driven basic research
Development
Basic Research
15. This activity involves the use of existing scientific principles for the solution of a
particular problem. It is sometimes referred to as the application of science.
Development
Curiosity-Driven Research
Applied Research
Basic Research
16. This research method focuses on providing a service to existing products and
processes. Frequently, this involves cost and performance improvements to existing
products, processes or systems.
Development
Applied Research
Feasibility Study
Technical service
17. These are primarily concerned with changes in technology that will occur in the
future. But this cannot be considered in isolation and other factors, such as economic,
social and political factors, also have to be considered
Environmental forecasts
Capability analysis
Risk
Comparative technological cost-effectiveness
18. This type of technology is usually is central to all or most of the company’s products.
Expertise in this area also may dominate the laboratories of the R&D department as
well as strategic thinking.
Complementary technologies
Peripheral technologies
Core technologies
Emerging technologies
19. These technologies are new to the company but may have a long-term significance
for its products.
Peripheral technologies
Complementary technologies
Emerging technologies
Core technologies
20. This type of activity is conducted if the decision has been made to exit the business.
Technology mastery
Competitive
Survival
Break the mould
BME 22 QUIZ 10 CHAPTER 10
1. These reflect the ease with which competitors can imitate innovations.
Usage Risks
Appropriability Risks
Competency Risks
Imitation Risks
2. It reflects the volatility and uncertainty of technical development that vary greatly
between technologies, both in terms of the technological trajectories being followed and
market acceptance
Competence Destruction
Acceptance Destruction
VUCA Destruction
Innovation Destruction
3. Which of the following define/s Technology Management?

I. the capacity to orchestrate and integrate functional and specialist groups for the
implementation of innovations
II. continuous questioning of the appropriateness of existing divisional markets,
missions and skills for the exploitation of technological opportunities
III. a willingness to take a long-term view of technological accumulation within the firm.
III only
I & II
I only
I, II, III
4. Which of the following affect/s the changing nature of R&D management?

I. Scientific Freedom
II. Technology Explosion
III. Shortening of the Technology Cycle
IV. Globalization of Technology
I, II, III
II, III, IV
I, II, III, IV
I, II, IV
5. Technology transfer can be done through

Licensing
Acquisition
All of the choices
Franchising
6. Which of the following has the highest technological integration?

Joint Ventures
Open Source
Acquisition of firms
Technology cooperation
7. Which of the following has the lowest technological integration?

Purchase of technology
Technology cooperation
Internal R&D within the organization
Joint Ventures
8. Which of the following is not an External R&D?

Contract
Open Source
Decentralized Laboratories
Consortium
9. Which of the following is not an Internal R&D?

Collaborative
Centralized Laboratories
Decentralized Laboratories
Internal Market
10. The ability of the organization to be aware of its technology threats and
opportunities.
Vigilance and external links
Acceptance of risks
Market Orientation
Space for creativity
11. The ability to be aware of, to identify, and to take effective advantage of externally
developed technology.
Commitment to technology and R&D intensity
Receptivity
12. It is a plan that matches short-term and long-term goals with specific technology
solutions to help meet those goals
Concept Map
Learning Plan
Career path
Roadmap
13. Skunks works are possible because scientists are granted with ______.
scientific freedom
scientific privilege
scientific and legal rights
scientific initiative
14. Newness, time of introduction, and markets are dimensions of what model of
evaluation of R&D projects?
Economic Models
Portfolio Selection Models
Benefit Measurement Models
Innovative Models
15. In this dimension, you will be asked if the new product portfolio will deliver a
constant stream or will it be a case of feast and then famine. What dimension is this?
Product Development
Market acceptance
Time of introduction
Newness
16. What are two key technology risks that technology managers have to evaluate?
appropriability competence and risk destruction
competence risk and appropriability destruction
destruction risk and competence appropriability
appropriability risks and competence destruction
17. The main advantage with centralized laboratories is
decentralizing the R&D function, is to reinforce the link with the business, its products
and its markets
organization
critical mass
functional cost center
18. What kind of external R&D are separate from the large-scale technology consortia
often found in the Far East.
Open-source R&D
Contract R&D
R&D strategic alliances and joint ventures
R&D consortia
19. What kind of R&D requirement is characterized by a commitment to long-term

growth rather than short-term profit?
Growth orientation
Organizational heritage and innovation experience
Acceptance of risks
20. What R&D requirement is characterized by the ability to be aware of, to identify and
to take effective advantage of externally developed technology?
Receptivity
Strategy towards innovation
Coordination of a diverse range of skills
BME 22 QUIZ 11 CHAPTER 11
1. Which of the following is not a principle under open innovation?

Transfer of technology is crucial within innovation and new product development
Accessing and utilizing these flows of knowledge as fundamental part of innovation
process
Builds on previous research and presented as opportunities for the management of
innovation
Control our intellectual property so that our competitors do not profit from our ideas
2. Which of the following is/are principle/s under closed innovation?

The smart people in our field work for us.
External R&D can create significant value
If we are the first, we will win.
To profit from R&D, we must discover, develop, produce and ship it ourselves.
I & II
I, II, III, IV
II, III, IV
I,III, IV
3. This model is the act of granting another business permission to use your intellectual
property. Essentially, this involves the technology owner receiving a royalty fee in return
for access to the technology.
Hiring Skilled Employees
Knowledge Transfer Partnership Model
Licensing
Ferret Model
4. Statement 1: Being aware involves scanning for and discovering what information on
technology is available.
Statement 2: Association is recognizing the value of the technology (ideas) for the
organization.
5. Statement 1: Assimilation describes the processes by which the organization

communicates these ideas within the organization and creates genuine business
opportunities.
Statement 2: Application describes the processes by which the organization applies the
technology for competitive advantage.
6. Statement 1: To innovate, firms often need to draw from, and collaborate with, a large
number of actors from outside their organization.
Statement 2: The creation of innovations often requires protection.

7. In the scale of tangibility, which of the following is the most intangible?

Knowledge
Information
Data
Know-how
8. In the scale of relevancy, which of the following is the most relevant to a firm?
Information
Know-how
Action
Knowledge
9. This is one of the oldest methods of technology transfer, and one of the most
effective models according to many research managers.
Hiring Skilled Employees
Research clubs
Consultancy
Intermediary Agency Model
10. Creating Centers of Excellence and Centers of Development in universities is the

main idea of what model of technology transfer?
Directory
Science Park
Knowledge Transfer Partnership
Ferret
11. This act provides for the framework and support system for the ownership,
management, use, and commercialization of intellectual property generated from
research and development funded by the government.
Philippine Inventors Incentives Act
Philippine Technology Transfer Act
Investors and Invention Incentives Act
Science Act
12. Statement 1: The major shift in most companies today is that they are turning to
labor- and capital-intensive ones.
Statement 2: Management of innovation is very important because nowadays
companies are developing external linkages and connectivity.
13. An organization's overall ability to be aware of, to identify and to take effective
advantage of technology is referred to as _________.
Innovativeness
Receptivity
Creativity
Promptness
14. The tendency of a project group of stable composition to believe that it possesses
the monopoly of knowledge in its field, leading it to reject new ideas from outsiders.
LIH syndrome
MIH syndrome
HIH syndrome
NIH syndrome
15. Statement 1: Reskilling means teaching employees new, advanced skills to close
talent gaps.
Statement 2; Upskilling involves your team members in continuous education and helps
them to advance along their current career path.
16. It is the application of technology to a new use or user. It is the process by which
technology developed for one purpose is employed either in a different application or by
a new user.
Knowledge Transfer
Innovation Transfer
Information Transfer
Technology Transfer
17. These are phenomenon that originated in the United States. The idea is to develop
an industrial area or district close to an established center of excellence, often a
university.
Science parks
Knowledge Transfer Partnership model
Intermediary agency model
Licensing
18. These come in a variety of forms and range from Regional Technology Centers
(RTC) to university technology transfer managers.
Intermediary Agency Model
Knowledge Transfer Partnership Model
Directory Model
Ferret Model
19. This area has experienced rapid growth from a non-existent base in the early 1980s
to a multi-billion-dollar industry today.
European Space Agency
Consultancy
Technology Transfer Units
Research Clubs
20. What kind of activity in the 4A conceptual framework of technology transfer

describes the processes by which an organization scans for and discovers what
information on technology is available?
Awareness
Application
Association
Assimilation

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BME 22 CHAPTER 1 QUIZ 1

1. Which of the following is the starting point of innovation?

2. By definition, the general term for output of innovation as a management process is

3. This is the thinking of novel and appropriate ideas.

4. It is the successful implementation of those ideas within an organization.

5. It describes a management system wherein a company attains organizational

6. Quality circles; Just-In-Time (JIT) manufacturing system; new production planning

9. Which of the following reasons provided the need to view innovation in an

11. Which of the following skills should an innovation manager possessed?

20. These individuals spot opportunities and develop businesses.

1. He preached technology as the engine of growth but also noted that to

2. What is feature K3 in Kondratieff Waves of Growth?

3. One of the major weaknesses of the effectiveness of policies to develop technological

5. Economies dominated by this type of philosophy will have serious difficulties in

6. Which of the following are characteristics that influenced innovation recognized by

7. It refer to countries with no or limited indigenous technology development capacity.

12. It attempted to concentrate on developing an environment and support system to

19. 1. According to Drucker, ‘Innovation is the specific function of entrepreneurship’ and

2. This happens when there is a positive interrelationship between products.

6. Frugal innovation is the art of

20. Which of the following actions is/are essential to a visionary?

4. Which of the following best describe a firm or an organization being an

5. It refers to the efficiency, increasing productivity, control, certainty and variance

7. What is the dominant pattern of technological development in a low technology

8. It reinforces the capabilities of established organizations.

1. Statement 1: Reverse engineering compresses product development times.

5. Statement 1: Quality performance of an organization depends on the operations

6. Statement 1: A concept defines the relationship between the component product

7. Statement 1: Quality function deployment (QFD) is a structured approach to this

8. Statement 1: As the required volume increases, the most appropriate method of

16. Which of the following is a disadvantage of Just-In-Time Inventory Management?

2. It refers to a certain business activities and processes such as special ways of

4. It refers to the granting of a property right by a sovereign authority to an inventor.

7. How many years is the term of a patent protection?

14. How many years is the period of protection of a registered trademark?

15. How many years a registered design last?

18. Intellectual properties created by investors are protected by:

19. Intellectual properties created by artists are protected by:

20. What does a trademark protect?

6. According to David Teece, it refers to the capability to replicate previously performed

1. Statement 1: A strategic alliance is an agreement between two or more partners to

2. Statement 1: Technology partnerships between, and in some cases amongst,

3. Statement 1: Outsourcing refers to the delegation of non-core operations from

5. Statement 1: A consortium describes the situation where a number of firms come

6. Statement 1: Clusters are amorphous concentrations of interconnected companies,

7. Statement 1: Innovation networks offer a new form or organization giving a sort of

8. What is the third and final process of forming strategic alliance?

9. This is known as the non-disclosure agreement.

11. Goodwill trust is tied on/to ________.

18. One of the possible risks of strategic outsourcing is information leakage.

19. Licensing is limited to the authorized use of a trademark or technology, whereas

4. Emerging technologies are additional technology that is essential in product

5. Unlike many other business activities, successful R&D cannot be managed on an

6. The following are criterions for a good research project, except:

9. An experiment is performed by a researcher to explore how different factors play a

10. Employee job contentment is increasingly being affected by corporate cyberbullying.

12. Which research method is a bottom-up approach to research?

3. Which of the following define/s Technology Management?