CLAT

COMMON
LEGAL TERMS
Everyone Should Know!

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Acquittal

When a court concludes or passes the judgment that an accused

person is not guilty of the commission of an offence that they have
been charged with, it is stated to be an acquittal.
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Conviction
On the contrary, when a court concludes that the accused person is
guilty of committing an offence, it is said that the court has
convicted that person.
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Surety
A surety is a person who guarantees that an accused person will
attend their court hearing after being granted bail. For this, the
surety has to deposit a security which is forfeited in case the
accused person does not appear in court when required.
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Summons
A summon is a document that requires a person or commands a
person to whom it is served to appear before the court and produce
a response to the complaint made against him or her.
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Adjudication
The legal process of deciding or settling a dispute between two or
more parties by a competent authority is adjudication.
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Commutation
Commutation refers to the action of an executive officer, by which
the punishment given to a convicted person is substituted with one
of a lesser degree or severity. The Constitution grants this power to
the President and the Governor.
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Appellant
A person who files an appeal, which means, applies to a higher
court or competent authority for the reconsideration of a judgment
or decree passed by a lower court or tribunal.