ENERGY PROFILE

Pakistan
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 7: ENERGY INDICATORS (2018)
Renewable energy (% of TFEC) 41.7 Access to electricity (% of population) 73.0
Energy efficiency (MJ per $1 of GDP) 4.6 Access to clean cooking (% of population) 48
Public flows renewables (2018 USD M) 101.1 Per capita renewable capacity (W/person) 59.775
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (TPES)

TPES 2013 2018 Total primary energy supply in 2018

Non-renewable (TJ) 2 561 096 3 480 485
Oil
Renewable (TJ) 698 936 1 097 879
Total (TJ) 3 260 032 4 578 364 24% Gas
32%
Renewable share (%) 21 24
Nuclear
Growth in TPES 2013-18 2017-18
11%
Non-renewable (%) +35.9 +2.9 Coal + others
Renewable (%) +57.1 +22.2
2% 30%
Total (%) +40.4 +7.0 Renewables

Primary energy trade 2013 2018 Renewable energy supply in 2018

Imports (TJ) 912 682 2 359 198
Exports (TJ) 41 934 37 780 1% Hydro/marine
12% 0%
Net trade (TJ) - 870 748 -2 321 418
Wind
Imports (% of supply) 28 52
Exports (% of production) 2 2 Solar
Energy self-sufficiency (%) 74 50
Bioenergy
Net trade (USD million) - 14 721 - 16 654 87%
Net trade (% of GDP) -6.4 -5.3 Geothermal

RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Consumption by source 2013 2018 Renewable energy consumption in 2018

Electricity (TJ) 101 581 123 657
Heat (TJ) 0 0 Electricity
12%
Bioenergy (TJ) 577 003 928 342
Solar + geothermal (TJ) 0 0 Heat
Total (TJ) 678 584 1 051 999
Electricity share (%) 15 12 Bioenergy

Consumption growth 2013-18 2017-18 88% Solar +

Renewable electricity (%) +21.7 +14.4 geothermal
Other renewables (%) +60.9 +24.0
Total (%) +55.0 +22.8 3%
Industry
Consumption by sector 2013 2018 15%
Industry (TJ) 172 691 158 576 Transport
Transport (TJ) 0 0
Households (TJ) 482 139 866 339 Households
Other (TJ) 23 753 27 084
82%
Other
Renewable share of TFEC 48.1 41.7
 ELECTRICITY CAPACITY AND GENERATION

Capacity in 2020 MW % Renewable capacity in 2020

Non-renewable 27 022 69 3%
Renewable 12 406 31 Hydro/marine
Hydro/marine 10 002 25 6% 10%
Solar 737 2 Solar
Wind 1 236 3
Bioenergy 432 1 Wind
Geothermal 0 0
Total 39 428 100 Bioenergy
81%
Capacity change (%) 2015-20 2019-20 Geothermal
Non-renewable + 54 0.0
Renewable + 53 + 1.0 Net capacity change (MW)
Hydro/marine + 39 + 1.0
Non-renewable Renewable
Solar + 178 + 3.4 6 000
Wind + 301 0.0
Bioenergy + 30 0.0 5 000
Geothermal 0 0.0
4 000
Total + 53 + 0.3
3 000
Net capacity change in 2020 (MW)
Non-renewable Hydro and marine 2 000

0 + 102 1 000

0
Solar Wind
-1 000
+ 24 0 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Bioenergy Geothermal Capacity utilisation in 2019 (%)

0 0 Fossil 38
Nuclear 95
Generation in 2019 GWh % Hydro/Mar 41
Non-renewable 95 278 69
Renewable 42 599 31 Solar 17
Hydro and marine 35 958 26 Wind 26
Solar 1 069 1
Bio 73
Wind 2 812 2
Bioenergy 2 760 2 Geo
Geothermal 0 0
Total 137 877 100 0 20 40 60 80 100

Per capita electricity generation (kWh) Renewable generation (GWh)

Total Renewable Hydro/marine Solar Wind Bio Geo
800 50 000

600 40 000
30 000
400
20 000
200
10 000
0 0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
 TARGETS, POLICIES AND MEASURES
3 7 4
Most immediate clean energy targets & NDCs
year target
Renewable energy: 2030 5 %
Renewable electricity:
Renewable capacity:
Renewable transport:
Liquid Biofuel blending mandate:
Other transport targets:
Renewable heating/cooling:
Renewable Hydropower
Off-grid renewable technologies:
Energy efficiency (Energy):
Energy efficiency (Electricity):
Latest policies, programmes and legislation
1 Pakistan MEPS and labelling for electric fans 2016

2 Pakistan net metering policy for solar PV and wind projects 2015

3 Minimum Energy Performance Standard (MEPS) For Window Type & Split Air Conditioners With Cooling Capacity under: 2014
14000 W (12000 - 48000 BTU/hr)
4 Pakistan feed-in tariff for solar power 2014

5 Upfront Generation Tariff for Solar PV Power Plants 2014

References to sustainable energy in Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC)

Conditional Unconditional unit
- Renewable energy
- electricity
- transport
- heating/cooling
- Energy efficiency

ENERGY AND EMISSIONS

Energy-related CO2 emissions by sector Elec. & heat generation CO2 emissions in 2019
Elec. & heat Other Industrial Transport Other Buildings
+34%
250 Coal + others
21%
Mt CO2 Emissions

200
39%
150 44 Gas
100 Mt CO 2
50
39% Oil
0.0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Avoided emissions from renewable elec. & heat CO2 emission factor for elec. & heat generation
Emitted CO2 RE Avoided CO2 PAK Asia World

80 800
Mt CO2 Emissions

60 600
tCO2 /GWh

40 400 407
322
20 200

0.0 0.0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Avoided emissions based on fossil fuel mix used for power Calculated by dividing power sector emissions by elec. + heat gen.
 RENEWABLE RESOURCE POTENTIAL
Distribution of solar potential Distribution of wind potential
World Pakistan World Pakistan

100% 100%

80% 80%

Proportion of land area

Proportion of land area

60% 60%

40% 40%

20% 20%

0% 0%
<1200 1200-1400 1400-1600 1600-1800 1800-1900 1900-2000 >2000 <260 260-420 420-560 560-670 670-820 820-1060 >1060
Annual generation per unit of installed PV capacity (kWh/kWp/yr) Wind power density at 100m height (W/m2)

Biomass potential: net primary production Indicators of renewable resource potential

5 6 Solar PV: Solar resource potential has been divided into seven
classes, each representing a range of annual PV output per unit
4 7
of capacity (kWh/kWp/yr). The bar chart shows the proportion
of a country's land area in each of these classes and the global
distribution of land area across the classes (for comparison).
8
3
Onshore wind: Potential wind power density (W/m2) is shown
in the seven classes used by NREL, measured at a height of
100m. The bar chart shows the distribution of the country's
2 9 land area in each of these classes compared to the global
distribution of wind resources. Areas in the third class or above
are considered to be a good wind resource.

10 Biomass: Net primary production (NPP) is the amount of

1
carbon fixed by plants and accumulated as biomass each year.

0
0.5 11
It is a basic measure of biomass productivity. The chart shows
the average NPP in the country (tC/ha/yr), compared to the
tC/ha/yr global average NPP of 3-4 tonnes of carbon per year.

= Global average of 3-4 tC/ha/yr

Sources: IRENA statistics, plus data from the following sources: UN SDG
Database (original sources: WHO; World Bank; IEA; IRENA; and UNSD); UN
World Population Prospects; UNSD Energy Balances; UN COMTRADE; World
Bank World Development Indicators; EDGAR; REN21 Global Status Report; IEA-
IRENA Joint Policies and Measures Database; IRENA Global Atlas; and World
Bank Global Solar Atlas and Global Wind Atlas.

Additional notes: Capacity per capita and public investments SDGs only apply
to developing areas. Energy self-sufficiency has been defined as total primary
energy production divided by total primary energy supply. Energy trade
includes all commodities in Chapter 27 of the Harmonised System (HS).
Capacity utilisation is calculated as annual generation divided by year-end
capacity x 8,760h/year. Avoided emissions from renewable power is calculated
as renewable generation divided by fossil fuel generation multiplied by reported
emissions from the power sector. This assumes that, if renewable power did not
exist, fossil fuels would be used in its place to generate the same amount of
power and using the same mix of fossil fuels. In countries and years where no
fossil fuel generation occurs, an average fossil fuel emission factor has been
used to calculate the avoided emissions.

IRENA Headquarters These profiles have been produced to provide an overview of developments in
renewable energy in different countries and areas. The IRENA statistics team
Masdar City
would welcome comments and feedback on its structure and content, which can
P.O. Box 236, Abu Dhabi be sent to statistics@irena.org.
United Arab Emirates
Last updated on: 29th September, 2021
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