THE NOTRE DAME OF ESPERANZA, INC.

Saliao, Esperanza, Sultan Kudarat

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Academic Year 2022-2023, 2nd Semester

CONCEPT NOTE #1
Basic Calculus

ACTIVITY TITLE: The Unit Circle

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1. Illustrate the unit circle and the relationship between the linear and angular
measures of the central angle in a unit circle.
2. Convert angle measures from degrees to radians and vice versa.
3. Illustrate angles in standard position and find coterminal angles.
REFERENCE: Pre-Calculus With Software Applications for Senior High School, Revised Edition
AUTHORS: De Guzman and Quintana
PAGES: 136-146

CONCEPT NOTES:

THE UNIT CIRCLE

Definitions:

1. An angle is formed by two lines or rays intersecting at a common point called vertex. One ray or line
determines the initial side, and the other ray determines the terminal side.

2. Angle measure is the amount of rotation done by a terminal side away from the initial side. A 1 0 degree
angle is equal to 1/360 of a complete revolution of the terminal side. Note that one revolution is
equivalent to 3600.
3. Degrees and radians are the two basic units of angle measures.

The unit circle is a circle whose center is at the origin and whose radius has a length of one unit or r=1.

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NOTE: Each of the terminal sides corresponds to the hypotenuse of a right triangle inside the unit circle. Using
the coordinates in the figures above, we can prove that the radius of a unit circle is indeed 1 unit.

RADIAN MEASURE

Radian measure is also known as the ratio between the length of the arc intercepted by the central angle
and the length of the radius. Note that a central angle is an angle whose vertex lies on the center of the
circle.

s
Formula for the radian measure: θ=
r
Where s is the length of the subtended arc, l = length of the radius and θ = radian measure (measured in
radians).

CONVERSION FACTORS FOR ANGLE MEASURES FROM DEGREE TO RADIANS AND VICE VERSA

180
1 rad=
π
π
1 °=
180
1 revolution=2 πrad=360 °
1 °=60' (60 minutes)
'
1 =60 (60 seconds

ANGLES IN STANDARD POSITION

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An angle is considered in standard position if the vertex is located at the origin and the initial side is on the
positive x-axis.

By determining the amount of the rotation from the initial side to the terminal side, the angle can be
measured. If the rotation is counterclockwise, the measurement is positive. If the rotation is clockwise,
the measurement is negative.

COTERMINAL ANGLES

Coterminal angles are angles in standard position having the same terminal side.

To get coterminal angles, simply add or subtract 360 0 from any given angles measured in degrees or add or
subtract 2 π from any given angle measured in radians.

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