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 Towards the Next Generation Network

— https://youtu.be/TqyxOTqwfDM
 The value of open source in next generation
networks

— https://youtu.be/WWBWx_-7CIA
Next Generation Networks: Requirements and
Research Directions, by R. Renwei, Vice Chair,
NGP ISG

https://youtu.be/Yb-aASsPzC8
 Introduction
— Today , telephony ,the Internet , and the cellular
mobile networks continue to be different domains
,each has its own protocols and services.

— NGN will be the foundation for the creation of a new

range of multimedia applications that takes full
advantage of the characteristics of the broadband
network and the “always on” capability.
General Idea-
— The general idea behind NGN is that we are combining
all type of data and encapsulating these into packets,
similar to those used on the internet.

— NGN are commonly built around the Internet Protocol

(IP), and therefore the term all IP is also sometimes
used to describe the transformation toward NGN.
NGN Definition -
— NGN is a packet switched network able to provide
Telecommunication Services to users and able to make use of
multiple broadband, QoS –enabled transport technologies and
in which service-related functions are independent of the
underlying transport –related technologies .It enables unfettered
access for users to networks and to competing service providers
and services of their choice. It supports generalized mobility
which will allow consistent and ubiquitous provision of services
to users.
The NGN Concept-Six Key Criteria
Convergence-
Technological Convergence is the tendency for different
technological systems to evolve toward performing
similar tasks . Also known as Multi Service Network.
Different Types Of Convergence-
— Network Convergence

— Service Convergence

— Industry/Market Convergence

— Device Convergence
Convergence Model-
 Fourth Industrial Revolution
— We are at the dawn of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

— The Fourth Industrial Revolution represents a transition to a

new set of systems that bring together digital, biological, and
physical technologies in new and powerful combinations.

— The digital revolution was built on the heart of the second

industrial revolution—electricity, mass communication
systems, and modern manufacturing.
 Fourth Industrial Revolution
— The new systems that mark the Fourth Industrial
Revolution are being built on the infrastructure of the
third, digital revolution.
— This infrastructure consists of availability of global,
digital communications; low-cost processing and high-
density data storage; and an increasingly connected
population of active users of digital technologies.
Adapted from Klaus Schwab, The Fourth Industrial
Revolution, 2016.
 Key Findings
— Under the theme “Innovating in the Digital Economy,”
The Global Information Technology Report 2016
highlights the ways in which the digital revolution is
changing both the nature of innovation and the rising
pressure for firms to innovate continuously. The
analysis yields four key findings:
 Key Findings
— Key Finding 1: The digital revolution changes the
nature of innovation.
— Key Finding 2: Firms will face increasing pressure to
innovate continuously
— Key Finding 3: Businesses and governments are
missing out on a rapidly growing digital population.
— Key Finding 4: A new economy is shaping, requiring
urgent innovations in governance and regulation.
 Key Standardization Players
— International standardization of the NGN dates back to the
NGN Workshop held by ITU-T in July 2003.
— This was followed by the launch in Europe of the European
Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI), Telecoms
& Internet converged Services & Protocols for Advanced
Network (TISPAN) project in July 2003 and Alliance for
Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS) NGN
framework 2004.
— This marked the beginning of studies on a next-generation
telecommunications infrastructure applying the IP
Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) specified by the 3rd
Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) for high-speed
broadband access.
— The first specification—NGN Release 1—was completed at
the beginning of 2006
 NGN Standardization
Key Players-

— ITU-T

— ATIS

— ETSI

— 3GPP
 Key Players in NGN
— The value chain comprises next-generation network
providers, service providers, integrators, and end
users.
— Cisco (US), Huawei (China), ZTE (China), Ericsson
(Sweden), Nokia (Finland), Juniper Network (US),
NEC Corporation (Japan), Samsung Electronics (South
Korea), IBM (US), Ciena Corporation (US), Hewlett
Packard Enterprise (US), AT&T (US), ADTRAN (US),
TELES (Germany), KPN International (Netherlands),
Infradata (Netherlands), PortaOne (Canada),
TelcoBridges (Canada), CommVerge Solutions (Hong
Kong), and Extreme Networks (US).
Migration towards core NGN
Strategies to migrate toward core NGN
— Overlay Strategy-
- “Breakdown” strategy :deploying a NGN network in parallel with the
existing switched network.
- Can be costly during the migration.
- Deutsche Telecom has adopted this method.
— Replacement strategy-
- Gradually replacing traditional equipment (switches and others) as they
come to the end with the NGN equipment.
- Offers operators a more immediate return.
- Can be costly during Implementation.
Next Generation Access Network-

— Cable

— Broadband over Power line

— Broadband Wireless Access

— 5G Mobile Network

— Satellite Networks
Next Generation Core Network-
— IP Based Network
— Packet Based , Multi-purpose
— Separation of Transport and service layer
Comparison of PSTN Internet and NGN
Difference between NGN in developed and developing
markets-(Actions developing countries should take)

— Developed markets generally have high levels of PSTN,

mobile ,Internet and broadband penetration which
helps in deployment of further new technologies ,So
developing countries first should improve their basic
network penetration level.
— The pre-requisite for the efficient use of a NGN is
network access with high bandwidth for the end user.
So a country’s national Broadband policy plays a
important role.

This is the broadband share region wise-

International bandwidth usage
 NGN Implementation Results

q Unique Market structure.

q Technological Development.

q Infrastructure Development

q Revenue growth, increase in Market share.

q Increased Competition.

q Improved overall customer experience.

q Loss to mobile operator's : loose cash stream from

fixed operators.

q Reduced Capital and Operational Expenditure.

NGN Services-
Several services that will be important drivers in the NGN
environment are:
1. Voice Telephony: Call Waiting , Call Forwarding ,3-way
calling.

2. Voice Portal: Provide callers with anywhere ,anytime access

to information like news ,weather , stock quotes , and account
balances using simple voice commands and any telephone.

3. Data services: bandwidth-on-demand ,connection

reliability.
NGN Services (cont.)
4. Multimedia services: This allows customers to converse with
each other while displaying visual information.

5. Virtual Private Networks: allow large , geographically

dispersed organization to combine their existing private networks
with portions of the PSTN, thus providing subscriber with uniform

dialing capabilities.

6. Public Network Computing: Provides public network-

based computing services for business and consumers.
NGN Services (cont.)
7. Unified Messaging: Supports the delivery of voice mail ,
mail and pages through common interfaces.
8. E-commerce: Allows consumers to purchase goods and
services electronically over the network.
9. Call Center Services: A subscriber could place a call to a
call center agent by clicking on a web page.
10. Interactive gaming: Offers consumers a way to meet online
and establish interactive gaming sessions.
11. Home Manager: These services could monitor and control
home security systems ,energy systems , home entertainment
systems and other home appliances.
 What is 5G ?
— 5G is the fifth generation of wireless technology. Its
increased speed, lower latency, and improved reliability
stand to revolutionize a wide variety of industries.
— To achieve its very high speeds, 5G utilizes low-and mid-
bands on the radio spectrum (below six gigahertz), as well
as whole new bands of the radio spectrum. These are so-
called “milli-meter waves” broadcast at frequencies
between 30 and 300 gigahertz, which have previously been
used only for communication between satellites and radar
systems.
— Cell phone companies began deploying 5G in 2019. In the
United States, 5G coverage is already available in many
areas . And, while previous generation 2G and 3G
technology is still in use, 5G adoption is accelerating and
according to various predictions, 5G networks will have
billions of subscribers by 2025.
 Use cases of 5G
— Enhanced mobile broadband. The faster speed, lower latency, and
greater capacity 5G makes possible could enable on-the-go, ultra-
high-denition video, virtual reality, and other advanced applications.
— Internet of Things (IoT) . Existing cellular networks are not able to
keep up with the explosive growth in the number of connected
devices, from smart refrigerators to devices monitoring battery levels
on manufacturing shop oors. 5G will unlock the potential of IoT by
enabling exponentially more connections at very low power.
— Mission-critical control. Connected devices are increasingly used in
applications that require absolute reliability, such as vehicle safety
systems or medical devices. 5G’s lower latency and higher resiliency
mean that these time-critical applications will be increasingly
reliable.
— Fixed wireless access. The speeds made possible by 5G make it a
viable alternative to wired broadband in many markets, particularly
those without fiber optics.
THE NRI 2022
THE NRI 2022 MODEL
 TECHNOLOGY
Technology is at the heart of the network economy. This pillar,
therefore, seeks to assess the level of technology that is a sine qua
non for a country’s participation in the global economy. The
following three sub-pillars have been identified for that purpose:
— Access: The fundamental level of ICT in countries, including on
issues of communications infrastructure and affordability.
— Content: The type of digital technology produced in countries,
and the content/applications that can be deployed locally.
— Future Technologies: The extent to which countries are
prepared for the future of the network economy and new
technology trends such as AI and Internet of Things (IoT).
 PEOPLE
The availability and level of technology in a country is only of
interest insofar as its population and organizations have the
access, resources, and skills to use it productively. This pillar
is therefore concerned with the application of ICT by people
at three levels of analysis: individuals, businesses, and
governments.
— Individuals: How individuals use technology and how
they leverage their skills to participate in the network
economy.
— Businesses: How businesses use ICT and participate in the
network economy.
— Governments: How governments use and invest in ICT for
the benefit of the general population.
 GOVERNANCE
A country’s network readiness does not take place in a vacuum
and is a function of the national context within which people
operate. Thus, this pillar seeks to capture how conducive the
national environment is for a country’s participation in the
network economy, based on issues of trust, regulation, and
inclusion.
— Trust: How safe individuals and firms are in the context of the
network economy, as reflected by an environment conducive to
trust and the trusting behavior of the population.
— Regulation: The extent to which the government promotes
participation in the network economy through regulation.
— Inclusion: The digital divides within countries where
governance can address issues such as inequality based on
gender, disabilities, and socioeconomic status.
 IMPACT
Ultimately, readiness in the network economy is a means to
improve the growth and well-being of society and the
economy. This pillar, therefore, seeks to assess the economic,
social, and human impact of participation in the network
economy.
— Economy: The economic impact of participating in the
network economy.
— Quality of Life: The social impact of participating in the
network economy.
— SDG Contribution: The impact of participating in the
network economy in the context of the SDGs— the goals
agreed upon by the UN for a better and more sustainable
future for all. The focus is on goals where ICT has an
important role to play, including such indicators as health,
education, and environment.
NRI 2022 Top 10 RANKINGS
NRI 2022 Overall Rankings
NRI 2022 SCORE VERSUS GDP PER
CAPITA (PPP)
The Top 10 NRI 2021 Rankings
The NRI 2021 Rankings
 Conclusions
v NGN is the basis of convergence of all that are
presently working

vNGN is not just a PSTN replacement ,It provides both

voice quality and reliability.

vNGN is still Nascent stage in India.

vIt will change the traditional face of

telecommunication in India.
v Policy makers and regulators may need to monitor the
effectiveness of legacy policy and relative frameworks.

v Several issues first must be resolved first for the

complete successful implementation of NGN.
— Individual adoption is growing steadily across the
globe as efforts continue to close the digital divide.
— The analysis identifies a high level of business
adoption and usage of digital technologies as one of
the key characteristics of countries in which ICTs are
having a robust economic and digital innovation
impact.
— Although government use and promotion of ICTs has
recently started to fall short of expectations across
regions, a number of countries are making large strides
in the Index thanks to a strong government ICT vision
and engagement in the digital economy.