SUMMARY 5 – HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
1. NAME THE PARTS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ON
THE DIAGRAM!
2. NAME THE PARTS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM!
3. WHAT ARE THE TASKS OF THE CLITORIS?
• rechain mechanoreceptors, sensor receptors
• can erect, sensitive to stimulation, important in sexual
arousal and orgasm
4. LIST THE TASKS OF THE VAGINA? WHAT IS THE TASK OF ITS ACIDIC
PH?
• organ of sexual intercourse
• channel of menstrual flow
• part of childbirth canal
• acidic pH – protect against infections
5. NAME THE PARTS OF THE UTERUS! WRITE ABOUT THE
MENSTRUAL CYCLE AND THE TASK OF THE UTERUS!
• corpus / body of uterus – the fetus develops here, during
menstrual cycle its mucous membrane changes
• cervix – connects the vagina and the body of uterus,
except in menstruation and childbirth
• menstrual cycle makes pregnancy possible, if implantation
of embryo doesn’t happen, the endometrium sheds with
the help of blood
6. WHAT ARE THE TASKS OF THE OVARIES?
• gonads and endocrine glands too
• as a gonad it produces egg cells
• as an endocrine gland: secretes sex hormones (estrogen,
progesterone)
7. EXPLAIN THE ERECTION OF THE PENIS!
• erection: arteries’ walls relax, more blood enters to the
sinuses; the filling of the corpuses closes the veins 
blood stays in the penis
• directed from the brain and spinal cord
8. LIST THE ORGANS THAT PRODUCE SOME PARTS OF THE SEMEN! 3
• testis, seminal vesicles, prostate gland
9. WHAT ARE THE TASKS OF THE TESTICLES? 3
8 • as gonads: they produce immature sperm cells
• as endocrine gland: secrete androgen hormones, mainly
testosterone, forming secondary sexual characteristics,
influences metabolism
10. WHY IS PROSTATE GLAND IMPORTANT? 4
• the prostatic fluid gives 25-28% of the semen, causes
semen’s alkaline pH, activates the sperms
• during ejaculation the muscular capsule of the prostate
7 gland contracts – transmits the semen
11. WHERE DOES THE FERTILIZATION HAPPEN? HOW LONG DOES
HUMAN PREGNANCY LAST? WHERE DOES THE IMPLANTATION
OF THE EMBRYO HAPPEN? 3
• happens in the oviduct
• human pregnancy: 40 weeks
• implantation of embryo happens in the uterus
12. WRITE A FEW THINGS ABOUT THE 1ST TRIMESTER! 4
• implantation and fast development of the embryo
• highest risk of miscarriage
3 • from the 6th week: his/her heart beats
• around the 12th week: all the early organ systems, sex
organs
• for the mother: vomiting, nausea
13. WHAT HAPPENS IN THE 2ND TRIMESTER? 5
4 • 16-20 week: movement of the fetus may be felt
th
• baby bump, woman feel themselves energetic
• 18-20th week: sex organs can be seen on ultrasound
screening
• fetus can hear and react to the noises of the environment
• they can survive outside of the uterus (with high-quality
medical care)
5
14. LIST THE STEPS OF CHILDBIRTH IN ORDER! 6
• starts with contractions of the uterus (labor)
• caul ruptures and the amniotic fluid flows away
• cervix gradually opens up – contractions and intentional
abdominal push helps the baby to be born
• after the baby the placenta is also pushed out
15. WHAT CAN SPREAD STD PATHOGENS? 3
4 • semen and vaginal discharge, blood
16. WRITE ABOUT SYPHILIS! 5
• primary: painless, ulcers on the genitals
• secondary: warts on skin; bacteria spread through the
blood (whole body)
5 • latent: no symptoms – it lurks
• tertiary: 25% of infected ones has it after – causes death
17. WHY IS CHLAMYDIA DANGEROUS? 4
• it is often without symptoms (females 80%, males 50%)
• causes infertility and they spread it
1
18. WRITE ABOUT HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS? 4
• causes genital infections – warts
• many types increase the risk of cervical, vaginal, penile,
anal cancer
• skin-skin contact can spread viruses (condom not enough)
19. WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF CONDOM USAGE? 3
• obstruct the semen’s way to the vagina
• nearly 100% security if it is used properly
• only method that protects from STD
20.WRITE ABOUT SPERMICIDES! 4
• has to be put into vagina 15 minutes before sex
• blocks the movement of sperm cells, and their movement
to the cervix
• its effect last for 1-3 hours
• combined with other methods! – 70-85% effectiveness
21. CHOOSE 2 FERTILITY AWARENESS METHODS AND EXPLAIN 1 OF
THEM! 5
• temperature method: +0.2°C around the day of ovulation
(3 days before and after), so 6 days are “dangerous”
• calendar method: after 6 cycles of menstruation, the
women can count the fertile days  sex is avoided on the
middle 6 days
22. COMPARE THE BIRTH CONTROL PILL AND BIRTH CONTROL RING! 5
birth control pill birth control ring
prescription is needed
contains progesterone and estrogen
after 21 pills, there are 7 after 21 days, it is removed
days off and 7 days off
the pills must be taken in used in the vagina and it
time (12 hours) progressively releases out
hormones
23. HOW CAN THE IUD/IUS PREVENT PREGNANCY? 5
• used in the uterus, small T-shaped device, can contain
copper (IUD) or sex hormone (IUS)
• menstruation with hormonal IUS is lighter, with copper
IUD it is heavier
24. WRITE ABOUT THE MORNING AFTER PILL! 4
• can be used after sex within 3-5 days
• pill contains progesterone to prevent ovulation,
implantation  it makes the endometrium thinner
• prescription is needed
• can change the menstrual cycle
• can be used after 6 months
25. WHAT IS MADE IN THE CASE OF FEMALE STERILIZATION? 4
• it is made in laparoscopy
• uterine tubes are cut and tied/clipped/banded
• after 1-2 days, they can leave the hospital
26.WHAT IS VASECTOMY? 4
• vas deferenses are cut and tied/sealed
• short surgery procedure, ambulant (15-30 min), men can
go home after a few hours
• after 1 week: sex, after 3 months: almost 100% security