^XDF_JF ^LAH\D_D@ X^^ HDBDYD DXDH

Ojsusu` Ku`d Alal`ubj _ukds Ytrufturdm
Adtd Fumjdb ^l`klahd`kd` Furjfumua Hdbdsd Drdh
Oesl` ^l`kdapu7 _rj ^ugjdtj, A.^o.J.

Ojsusu` Emlb7

Emlb7
4. @eer Drjc Huojd`te (424>84>448)
8. Ydymjr Xebadtjyyd (424>84>44;)
9. Xjcqetum \aadb (424>84>4?9)

J@Y_J_\_ DKDAD JYMDA @LKLXJ F\O\Y

CDF\M_DY _DXHJZDB
^XEKXDA Y_\OJ ^L@OJOJFD@ HDBDYD DXDH
_DB\@ 8>8>
 

HDH J
^L@ODB\M\D@
D. Mdtd
Mdtdrr Hlm
Hlmdf
dfd`
d`k
k

H. Xuau
Xuausd
sd`
` Ads
Adsdm
dmdb
db
4. Hdkd
Hdkdja
jad`
d`dd ^l`kl
^l`klrt
rtjd
jd`
` X^^5
X^^5
8. Hdkdja
Hdkdjad`d
d`d Md`kfdb
Md`kfdb-md`
-md`kfd
kfdb
b ^l`yusu`
^l`yusu`d`
d` X^^5
9. Hdkdja
Hdkdjad`d
d`d Ceradt
Ceradt ^l`umj
^l`umjsd`
sd` X^^5
X^^5
I. _\G\D@
_\G\D@ ^LAHDB
^LAHDBDYD
DYD@
@
4. Al`klt
Al`kltdbu
dbujj _l`td
_l`td`k
`k ^l`k
^l`klrt
lrtjd`
jd` X^^.
X^^.
8. Al`kltdbuj
Al`kltdbuj _l`td`k
_l`td`k Md`kfd
Md`kfdb-md`k
b-md`kfdb
fdb ^l`yusu`d`
^l`yusu`d` X^^.
9. Al`klt
Al`kltdbu
dbujj _l`td`k
_l`td`k Cerad
Ceradtt ^l`umjs
^l`umjsd`
d` X^^.
X^^.
 

HDH JJ
^LAHDBDYD@
4. ^L@K
^L@KLX
LX_J
_JD@
D@ X^^
X^^
D. ^l
^l`k
`klr
lrtj
tjd`
d`
Xl`i
Xl`id`
d`dd ^lmd
^lmdfs
fsd`
d`dd
dd`
` ^lah
^lahlm
lmdgd
dgdrd
rd`
` (X^^
(X^^)) od
odmd
mda
a pl
ploe
oead
ad`
` uaua
uaua

Furjfumua 8>49 dodmdb rl`id`d plahlmdgdrd` yd`k ojflahd`kfd` slidrd rj`ij

odrj sudtu adtlrj pefef dtdu tlad tlrtl`tu yd`k al`kdiu pdod sjmdhus. 4  Xl`id`d
 plmdfsd`dd` plahlmdgdrd` sd`kdt al`u`gd`k odmda updyd pl`j`kfdtd` autu
 pl`ojojfd`. ^lrl`id`dd` ojhutubfd` slhlmua presls plahlmdgdrd` ojmdfsd`dfd`,
bdm j`j ojplru`tuffd` dkdr presls plahlmdgdrd` tlrsusu` od` tlrdrdb slsudj ol`kd`
tugud` plahlmdgdrd` yd`k dfd` ojidpdj odmda slhudb sdtud` pl`ojojfd`.
Odmda
dmda bdm
bdm j`j,
j`j, ku
kuru
ru sl
slhd
hdk
kdj cd
cdsj
sjmj
mjtd
tdte
terr yd
yd`
`k al`
l`kl
klme
memd
md pr
pre
esl
slss
 plahlmdgdrd` oj flmds alapu`ydj d`ojm odmda al`l`tufd` fudmjtds pl`ojojfd`.
Fe`slf
Fe`slful`
ul`sj`
sj`yd
yd dodmdb
dodmdb kuru
kuru bdrus
bdrus alaplr
alaplrsjdp
sjdpfd`
fd` (alrl`
(alrl`id`
id`dfd
dfd`)
`) slkdmd
slkdmd

slsudtu dkdr presls plahlmdgdrd` oj flmds hlrgdmd` ol`kd` lclftjc. Kuru bdrus
adapu
adap u hlrplrd`
hlrplrd` slhdkdj
slhdkdj olsdj`lr
olsdj`lr (plrl`id`d),
(plrl`id`d), japmlal`ter
japmlal`ter (plmdfsd`d),
(plmdfsd`d), od`
lvdmudter (pl`jmdj) flkjdtd` plahlmdgdrd`. Kuru alrupdfd` cdfter yd`k pdmj`k
oeaj`d
oeaj`d`
` fdrl`d
fdrl`d oj td`kd`
td`kd` kurumd
kurumdb
b flhlrb
flhlrbdsjm
dsjmd`
d` plahlm
plahlmdgdr
dgdrd`
d` odpdt
odpdt ojidpd
ojidpdj.
j.
Fudm
Fudmjt
jtds
ds al`k
al`kdg
dgdr
dr kuru
kuru sl
slid
idrd
rd md`k
md`ksu
su`k
`k adup
adupu`
u` tjod
tjodf
f md
md`k
`ksu
su`k
`k od
odpd
pdtt
alapl`kdrubj fudmjtds plahlmdgdrd` pdod uaua`yd.
^dod sjsj mdj`, almdmuj X^^ pu` odpdt ojfltdbuj fdodr fladapud` kuru
odmda al`gdmd`fd` preclsj`yd. Lclftjc dtdu tjodf`yd presls plahlmdgdrd` yd`k
ojmdfufd` ojtl`tufd` emlb slhlrdpd hlsdr plrl`id`dd` yd`k tlmdb fjtd susu` od`

ojslapur`
ojslap ur`dfd
dfd`` ol`kd`
ol`kd` alteol
alteol plahlm
plahlmdgdr
dgdrd`
d` yd`k
yd`k slsudj
slsudj ol`kd`
ol`kd` feape`
feape`l`l`
sdtud` plmdgdrd` yd`k dfd` ojsdapdjfd`,
ojsdapdjfd`, dkdr pdod presls`yd
presls`yd pl`idpdjd` tugud`
tlrslhutt mlhjb tlrdrdb. Adfd odrj jtu slidrd tlf`js
tlrslhu tlf`js rl`id`d
rl`id`d plahlmdgdrd`
plahlmdgdrd` aj`jadm
aj`jadm
al`idfup feape`l`-feape`l` slhdkdj hlrjfut7
4) Ytd`
Ytd`od
odrr fe
feap
aplt
ltl`
l`sj
sj,, fe
feap
aplt
ltl`
l`sj
sj od
odsd
sdr,
r, od
od`
` j`
j`oj
ojfd
fdte
terr pl
pl`i
`idp
dpdj
djd`
d` bd
bdsjm
sjm
 hlmdgdr,
8) _ugu
_ugud`
d` pla
plahl
hlmdg
mdgdr
drd`
d`,,
9) Adtlr
Adtlrjj p
pla
lahl
hlmd
mdgdr
gdrd`
d`,,
?) ^l`olf
^l`olfdtd
dtd`
` od` alte
alteol
ol plahlm
plahlmdgdr
dgdrd`,
d`,
4
 Zdtaj`j, ”AL@J@KFD_FD@ FEA^L_L@YJ K\X\ ODMDA ^L@Z\Y\@D@ X^^ ZD@K HDJF 
OD@ HL@DX ALMDM\J ^L@ODA^J@KD@ HLXHDYJY FFK YLALY_LX YD_\ _DB\@ 8>43/8>4; OJ
YO @LKLXJ AEOLM AD_DXDA.‑
 

<) Md`kfd
Md`kfdb-md
b-md`kf
`kfdb
db flkjdtd`
flkjdtd` plahlmdg
plahlmdgdrd`
drd`,,
3) Dmdt
Dmdt od`
od` sua
suahl
hlrr hlmdg
hlmdgdr
dr,,
;) Lvdm
Lvdmud
udsj
sj plahl
plahlmd
mdgd
gdrd`
rd`
H. _ugud`
_ugud` ^l`yus
^l`yusu`d
u`d`
` X^^
Xl`id`d ^lmdfsd`dd` ^lahlmdgdrd` (X^^) ojflahd`kfd` emlb kuru pdod

sdtud` pl`ojojfd`. Kuru pdod sdtud` pl`ojojfd` hlrflwdgjhd` al`yusu` X^^

slidrd ml`kfdp od` sjstladtjs dkdr plahlmdgdrd` hlrmd`ksu`k slidrd j`tlrdftjc,
j`sp
j`spjr
jrdt
dtjc
jc,, al`y
al`yl`
l`d`
d`kf
kfd`
d`,, al`d
al`d`t
`td`
d`k,
k, alae
alaetj
tjvd
vdsj
sj pl
plsl
slrt
rtdd oj
ojoj
ojf
f u`
u`tu
tuf 
f 
 hlrpdrtjsjpdsj dftjc, slrtd alahlrjfd` rud`k yd`k iufup hdkj prdfdrsd, frldtjvjtds,
od` flad`o
flad`ojrj
jrjd`
d` slsudj
slsudj ol`kd`
ol`kd` hdfdt,
hdfdt, aj`dt
aj`dt od` plrfla
plrflahd`
hd`kd`
kd` cjsjf
cjsjf slrtd
slrtd
 psjfemekjs plslrtd ojojf.
^dod prj`sjp`yd,
prj`sjp`yd, X^^ alrupdfd`
alrupdfd` u`sur yd`k sd`kdt suhstd`sjdm
suhstd`sjdm od` bdrus
ojhudt
ojhudt emlb
emlb sltjdp
sltjdp kuru
kuru dkdr
dkdr flkjdt
flkjdtd`
d` plahlm
plahlmdgd
dgdrd`
rd` hlrgdmd
hlrgdmd`
` sjstlad
sjstladtjs
tjs od`
al`idpdj tugud` plahlmdgdrd` slidrd eptjadm. _d`pd X^^, hjdsd`yd plahlmdgdrd`

al`gdoj tjodf tlrdrdb od` tjodf tlrfe`trem. Emlb fdrl`d jtu, kuru bdrus adapu
al`yusu` X^^ ol`kd` ml`kfdp hlrodsdrfd` sjmdhus yd`k ojsusu``yd. Xj`ijd`
X^^
X^^ sd`k
sd`kdt
dt pl`t
pl`tj`
j`k
k hdkj
hdkj sl
sler
erd`
d`k
k ku
kuru
ru fd
fdrl
rl`d
`d alru
alrupd
pdfd
fd`
` di
diud
ud`
` od
odmd
mda
a
almdfsd`dfd` presls plahlmdgdrd`.8
I. Ad`
Ad`cddt
cddt X^^
X^^
Dodpu`
Dodpu` ad`cddt
ad`cddt plrl`id`dd`
plrl`id`dd` pl`kdgdrd`
pl`kdgdrd` odmda presls hlmdgdr
hlmdgdr al`kdgdr 
al`kdgdr 
ydjtu (Adgjo, 8>>37 88)7
4) Ylhdkdj
Ylhdkdj pltu`guf
pltu`guf drdb flkjdtd
flkjdtd`` odmda
odmda al`idpdj
al`idpdj tugud`
tugud`..
8) Ylhdkdj
Ylhdkdj pemd odsdr
odsdr odmda
odmda al`kdtur
al`kdtur tukds
tukds od` wlwl`d`
wlwl`d`k k hdkj sltjdp
sltjdp u`sur 
u`sur 
yd`k tlrmjhdt odmda flkjdtd`.
9) Ylhdkd
Ylhdkdjj ploead
ploead` ` flrgd hdkj sltjdp
sltjdp u`
u`sur
sur,, hdjf
hdjf u`sur
u`sur kuru adupu`
adupu` u`sur 
u`sur 
aurjo.
?) Ylhdkd
Ylhdkdjj dmdt ufur
ufur lclftjc
lclftjc tjodf`
tjodf`yd
yd sudtu plflrgd
plflrgdd`,
d`, slbj`kk
slbj`kkdd sltjdp
sltjdp sddt
ojfltdbuj fltlpdtd` od` fltlrmdahdtd` flrgd.
<) \`tuf hdbd` pl`yusu`d
pl`yusu`d` ` odtd dkdr
dkdr tlrgdoj
tlrgdoj flsljahd
flsljahd`kd`
`kd` flrgd
flrgd
9
3) \`tuf al`kbladt
al`kbladt wdftu,
wdftu, tl`dkd,
tl`dkd, dmdt-dmdt,
dmdt-dmdt, od` hjdyd.
hjdyd.

8. MD@KFD
MD@KFDB-M
B-MD@K
D@KFDB
FDB ^L@Z\Y
^L@Z\Y\@D
\@D@
@ X^^
X^^

8
 Hdrdrdb, ”Lclftjcjtds ^lrl`id`dd` ^lahlmdgdrd` Odmda ^lahlmdgdrd` ^l`ojojfd` Dkdad Jsmda Oj
Ylfemdb.‑9
 Yladrd`k, ”^l`yusu`d` Xl`id`d ^lahlmdgdrd` Hdbdsd Drdh Hlrodsdrfd` Furjfumua 8>49 Hdkj
Kuru-Kuru Hdbdsd Drdh Adordsdb _sd`dwjydb
_s d`dwjydb Yl-Fdhupdtl` Flhual`.‑
 

Odmda ^lral`ojfhuo @eaer 24D _dbu` 8>49 oj`ydtdfd` hdbwd Xl`id`d

 plmdfsd`dd` plahlmdgdrd` dodmdb rl`id`d plahlmdgdrd` yd`k ojflahd`kfd` slidrd
rj`ij odrj sudtu adtlrj pefef dtdu tlad tlrtl`tu yd`k al`kdiu pdod sjmdhus. Oj odmda
X^^ al`idfup7
D. Odtd slfemdb, adtd plmdgdrd`, od` flmds/slalstlr

H. Adtlrj pefef 
I. Dmefdsj wdftu
O. _ugud` plahlmdgdrd`, FO od` j`ojfdter pl`idpdjd` feapltl`sj
L. Adtlrj plahlmdgdrd`6 alteol plahlmdgdrd`
C. Alojd, dmdt od` suahlr hlmdgdr 
K. Md`kfdb-md`kfdb flkjdtd` plahlmdgdrd`
B. ^l`jmdjd`.
Dodpu` md`kfdb-md`kfdb pl`klahd`kd` X^^ slhdkdj hlrjfut7
D. Al`kfdgj Yjmdhus Ylidrd uaua, u`tuf sltjdp adtlrj pefef pdod sltjdp sjmdhus

tlrodpdt
tlrodpdt ? FO slsudj
slsudj ol`kd`
ol`kd` dsplf FJ (sj
(sjfdp
fdp flpdod
flpdod _ubd`,
_ubd`, sjfdp ojrj od`
tlrbdodp
tlrbdodp mj`kfu`kd`
mj`kfu`kd`,, pl`kltdbud
pl`kltdbud`,
`, od` fltlrdapjmd`
fltlrdapjmd`).
). \`tuf
\`tuf al`idpdj
al`idpdj ? FO
tlrslhut, oj odmda sjmdhus ojruausfd` flkjdtd` plslrtd ojojf slidrd uaua odmda
 plahlmdgdrd` hlrodsdrfd` std`odr presls. Flkjdtd` plslrtd ojojf j`j alrupdfd`
rj`ijd` odrj lfspmerdsj, lmdherdsj, od` fe`cjradsj, ydf`j7 al`kdadtj, al`d`yd,
al`kuapum
al`kuapumfd`
fd` j`ceradsj,
j`ceradsj, al`kemdb
al`kemdb od` al`kfeau
al`kfeau`jfdsj
`jfdsjfd`.
fd`. Flkjdtd`
Flkjdtd` j`jmdb
j`jmdb
yd`k bdrus ojrj`ij mlhjb md`gut oj odmda X^^, odmda hl`tuf md`kfdb-md`kfdb yd`k
ojmdfufd` kuru odmda plahlmdgdrd`, yd`k alahudt plslrtd ojojf dftjc hlmdgdr.
^l`k
^l`kfd
fdgj
gjd`
d` tlrb
tlrbdo
dodp
dp sj
sjmdh
mdhus
us gu
gukd
kd almj
almjpu
putj
tj pl
plru
ruau
ausd`
sd` j`
j`oj
ojfd
fdte
terr FO od
od`
`

 pl`jmdjd``yd.
H. Al`kjol`tjcjfdsj adtlrj plahlmdgdrd` yd`k al`u`gd`k pl`idpdjd` FO ol`kd`
alaplrtjahd`kfd`7
4) ^etl`sj plslrtd ojojf 
8) Xlmlvd`sj ol`kd` fdrdftlrjstjf odlrdb
9) _j`
_j`kfd
kfdtt plrfla
plrflahd`
hd`kd`
kd` cjsjf,
cjsjf, j`tlml
j`tlmlftu
ftudm,
dm, laesje
laesje`dm
`dm,, sesjdm
sesjdm,, od` sprjtud
sprjtudmm
 plslrtd ojojf 
?) Flhlrad`cddtd` hdkj plslrtd ojojf 
<) Ytruftur fljmaud`

3) Dftudmjtds, flodmdad`, od` flmudsd` adtlrj plahlmdgdrd`

;) Xlmlvd`sj ol`kd` flhutubd` plslrtd ojojf od` tu`tutd` mj`kfu`kd`
 

2) Dmefdsj wdftu.
I. Al`l`tufd` _ugud` _ugud` odpdt ojerkd`jsdsjfd` al`idfup slmurub FO dtdu
ojerkd`jsdsjfd` u`tuf sltjdp plrtlaud`. _ugud` al`kdiu pdod j`ojfdter, pdmj`k
tjodf
tjodf al`kd`
al`kd`ou`
ou`k
k oud dsplf7
dsplf7 Duojl`
Duojl`il
il (plslrt
(plslrtdd ojojf)
ojojf) od` Hlbdvj
Hlbdvjer
er (dsplf 
(dsplf 
fladapud`).

O. Al`klahd`kfd` Flkjdtd` ^lahlmdgdrd` Flkjdtd` plahlmdgdrd` ojrd`id`k u`tuf 

alahlrjfd` pl`kdmdad` hlmdgdr yd`k almjhdtfd` presls al`tdm od` cjsjf almdmuj
j`tlrdfsj
j`tlrdfsj d`tdr plslrtd ojojf,
ojojf, plslrtd ojojf ol`kd` kuru,
kuru, mj`kfu`k
mj`kfu`kd`,
d`, od` suahlr 
 hlmdgdr mdj``yd odmda rd`kfd pl`idpdjd` FO. Bdm-bdm yd`k bdrus ojplrbdtjfd`
odmda al`klahd`kfd` flkjdtd` plahlmdgdrd` dodmdb slhdkdj hlrjfut7
4) Flk
Flkjdt
jdtd`
d` plahlm
plahlmdgd
dgdrd`
rd` ojsusu
ojsusu`
` u`tuf
u`tuf alahlr
alahlrjfd
jfd`
` hd`tud
hd`tud`
` flpdod
flpdod pdrd
pdrd
 pl`ojojf, fbusus`yd kuru, dkdr odpdt almdfsd`dfd` presls plahlmdgdrd`
slidrd preclsje`dm.
8) Flkjdtd` plahlmdgdrd` alaudt rd`kfdjd` flkjdtd` ad`dglrjdm yd`k ojmdfufd`

kuru, dkdr plslrtd ojojf odpdt almdfufd` flkjdtd` slplrtj oj sjmdhus.

9) Flkjdtd` plahlmdgdrd` u`tuf sltjdp plrtlaud` alrupdfd` sfl`drje md`kfdb-
md`kf
md`kfdb
db ku
kuru
ru od
odmd
mda
a alah
alahud
udtt pl
plslr
slrtd
td oj
ojoj
ojf
f df
dftj
tjcc hl
hlmd
mdgd
gdr.
r. Fl
Flkj
kjdtd
dtd`
` j`
j`jj
ojerkd`jsdsjfd` al`gdoj flkjdtd`7 ^l`odbumud`, J`tj, od` ^l`utup. Flkjdtd`
j`tj ojgdhdrfd` mlhjb md`gut al`gdoj rj`ijd` odrj flkjdtd` lfspmerdsj, lmdherdsj,
od` fe`cjr
fe`cjradsj
adsj,, ydf`j7
ydf`j7 al`kda
al`kdadtj,
dtj, al`d`y
al`d`yd,
d, al`kua
al`kuapum
pumfd`
fd` j`cera
j`ceradsj,
dsj,
al`kdsesjdsjfd`, od` al`kfeau`jfdsjfd`.
?) ^l
^l`g
`gdh
dhdr
drd`
d` Gl
Gl`j
`jss ^l
^l`j
`jmd
mdjd
jd`
` Oj od
odmd
mda
a sjmd
sjmdhu
huss tl
tlmd
mdb
b oj
ojtl
tl`t
`tuf
ufd`
d` gl
gl`j
`jss
 pl`jmdjd``yd. ^l`jmdjd` pl`idpdjd` FO plslrtd ojojf ojmdfufd` hlrodsdrfd`

j`ojfdter. ^l`jmdjd` ojmdfufd` ol`kd` al`kku`dfd`

j`ojfdter. al`kku`dfd` tls od` `e`tls
`e`tls odmda
 hl`tuf tlrtumjs adupu` mjsd`, pl`kdadtd` fj`lrgd, pl`kufurd` sjfdp, pl`jmdjd`
bdsjm fdryd hlrupd tukds, preylf od`/ dtdu preouf, pl`kku`dd` pertecemje, od`
 pl`jmdjd` ojrj. Emlb fdrl`d pdod sltjdp plahlmdgdrd` plslrtd ojojf ojoere`k
u`
u`tu
tuf
f al`k
al`kbd
bdsj
sjmf
mfd`
d` fd
fdry
ryd,
d, adfd
adfd pl
pl`y
`ydgj
dgjd`
d` pe
pert
rtec
ecem
emje
je alru
alrupd
pdfd
fd`
` idrd
idrd
 pl`jmdjd` yd`k bdrus ojmdfufd` u`tuf gl`gd`k pl`ojojfd` odsdr od` al`l`kdb
al`l`kdb..
<) Al`
Al`l`
l`tu
tufd
fd`
` Dm
Dmef
efds
dsjj [dft
[dftu
u ^l`l
^l`l`t
`tud
ud`
` dmefd
dmefdsj
sj wdft
wdftu
u pd
pdod
od sl
sltj
tjdp
dp FO
ojodsdrfd` pdod guamdb aj`kku lclftjc od` dmefdsj wdftu adtdplmdgdrd` plr 
aj`kku ol`kd` alaplrtjahd`kfd` guamdb FO, flmudsd`, flodmdad`, tj`kfdt

flsumjtd`,
flsumjtd`, od` tj`kfd
tj`kfdtt flpl`t
flpl`tj`k
j`kd`
d` FO. Dmefds
Dmefdsjj wdftu
wdftu yd`k
yd`k ojid`t
ojid`tuaf
uafd`
d`
odmda sjmdhus alrupdfd` plrfjrdd` wdftu rlrdtd u`tuf al`kudsdj FO yd`k
 

ojhutubfd` emlb plslrtd ojojf yd`k hlrdkda. Emlb fdrl`d jtu, dmefdsj tlrslhut
ojrj`ij od` ojslsudjfd` mdkj oj X^^.
3) Al`l`tufd` Yuahlr Hlmdgdr Yuahlr hlmdgdr dodmdb rugufd`, ehglf od`/dtdu
 hdbd` yd`k ojku`dfd` u`tuf flkjdtd` plahlmdgdrd`, yd`k hlrupd alojd iltdf 
od` lmlftre`jf, `drd suahlr, slrtd mj`kfu`kd` cjsjf, dmda, sesjdm, od` huodyd.

^lal
^lalrj
rj`t
`tdb
db df
dfd`
d` alah
alahlrm
lrmdf
dfuf
ufd`
d` Furjf
Furjfum
umua
ua hd
hdru
ru aumd
aumdjj td
tdbu
bu`
` dgdrd
dgdrd`
`
8>49/8
8>49/8>4?
>4?,, u`tuf
u`tuf flauoj
flauojd`
d` ojslhu
ojslhutt Furjfu
Furjfumua
mua 8>49.
8>49. Hlhlrd
Hlhlrdpd
pd dmdsd`
dmdsd`
 plrmu`yd pl`klahd`kd` furjfumua 8>49 ddodmdb
odmdb (Flal`ojfhuo, 8>497 jjj). 4.
^lruhdbd` presls plahlmdgdrd` (odrj sjswd ojhlrj tdbu al`gdoj sjswd al`idrj
tdbu) od` presls pl`jmdjd` (odrj hlrhdsjs eutput al`gdoj hlrhdsjs presls od`
eutput) alalrmufd` pl`dahdbd` gda plmdgdrd`6 8. Flil`olru`kd` hd`ydf 
`lkdrd al`dahdb gda plmdgd
plmdgdrd`6
rd`6 od` 9. ^lrhd`oj`kd
^lrhd`oj`kd`
` ol`kd`
ol`kd` `lkdrd-`lkdr
`lkdrd-`lkdrdd
mdj` al`u`guffd`
al`u`guffd` gda plmdgdrd`
plmdgdrd` oj J`oe`lsjd
J`oe`lsjd ol`kd` `lkdrd mdj` rlmdtjc mlhjb
sj`kfdt. ^lruhdbd` furjfumua al`gdoj furjfumua 8>49 ojodsdrj emlb (Yuahlr7

Hdbd` Yesjdmjsdsj Furjfumua 8>49 Flal`ojfhuo) 7 4. Xl`id`d ^lahd`ku`d`

Gd`kfd Al`l`kdb @dsje`dm (X^GA@) tdbu` 8>4>-8>4? 8.
YLF_
YLF_EX
EX^L
^L@O
@OJO
JOJF
JFD@
D@ 9. J@^X
J@^XLY
LY @EAE
@EAEX
X 4 _DB\
_DB\@
@ 8>
8>4>
4> tl
tl`t
`td`
d`k
k
^lrilpdtd`
^lrilpdtd` ^lmdfsd`dd`
^lmdfsd`dd` ^rjerjtds
^rjerjtds ^lahd`ku`
^lahd`ku`d`
d` @dsje`dm7
@dsje`dm7 ^l`ylapur
^l`ylapur`dd`
`dd`
Furjfumua od` Alteol ^lahlmdgdrd` Dftjc Hlrodsdrfd` @jmdj@jmdj Huodyd
 hd`ksd \`tuf Alahl`tuf Odyd Ydj`k od` Fdrdftlr Hd`ksd. ^lahlrmdfud`
Furjfumua 8>49 gukd j`kj` al`ylapur`dfd` tugud` yd`k j`kj` ojidpdj. ?
9. CEXA
CEXAD_
D_ ^L@\
^L@\MJ
MJYD
YD@
@ X^^
X^^
Odsdrr odrj
Odsd odrj pl`yus
pl`yusu`d
u`d`
` X^^
X^^ fjtd
fjtd fdmj
fdmj j`j dodmdb
dodmdb Yurdt
Yurdt Lodrd`
Lodrd` Al`ojf
Al`ojfhuo
huo

 @eaer 4? _dbu` 8>4:. Ojsjtu ojglmdsfd` hdbwd pl`yusu`d` X^^ ojmdfufd` ol`kd`
 prj`sjp lcjsjl`, lclftjc, od` hlrerjl`tdsj pdod aurjo. Odrj 49 feape`l` X^^ yd`k
ojdtur odmda ^lral`ojfhuo @eaer 88 _dbu` 8>43 yd`k al`gdoj feape`l` j`tj
do
dodm
dmdb
db tu
tugu
gud`
d` pl
plah
ahlm
lmdgd
dgdrd
rd`,
`, md`kf
md`kfdb
db-m
-md`
d`kf
kfdb
db pl
plah
ahlm
lmdgd
dgdrd`
rd`,, od
od`
` pl
pl`j
`jmd
mdjd
jd`
`
 plahlmdgdrd` (dsslssal`) yd`k wdgjh ojmdfsd`dfd` emlb kuru, slod`kfd` feape`l`
mdj``yd hlrsjcdt plml`kfdp.
Ylmdj` jtu, kuru gukd ojhlrj flmlmudsdd` u`tuf alajmjb od` al`klahd`kfd`
ceradt X^^ slplrtj
slplrtj dpd yd`k ojj`kj`fd`
ojj`kj`fd`,, ol`kd`
ol`kd` hlrcefus
hlrcefus pdod flhlrbdsjmd`
flhlrbdsjmd` hlmdgdr 
sjswd.

?
 Yladrd`k.
 

Dpd yd`k al`gdoj plrtjahd`kd

plrtjahd`kd`
` pl`ylolrbd
pl`ylolrbd`dd`
`dd` X^^5 Kuru-kuru slrj`k
ojdrdbfd` u`tuf al`umjs X^^ ol`kd` sd`kdt rj`ij slbj`kkd hd`ydf al`kbdhjsfd`
wdft
wdftu
u yd`k
yd`k sl
slbd
bdru
rus`
s`yd
yd hjsd
hjsd mlhj
mlhjb
b ojce
ojcefu
fusf
sfd`
d` u`
u`tu
tuf
f alap
alaplr
lrsj
sjdp
dpfd
fd`
` od
od`
`
al`klvdmudsj presls plahlmdgdrd` jtu sl`ojrj.
Dpd yd`k
yd`k ojadfsu
ojadfsuo
o ol`kd`
ol`kd` prj`sj
prj`sjp
p lcjsjl`
lcjsjl`,, lclftjc
lclftjc od` hlrerj
hlrerjl`t
l`tdsj
dsj pdod
pdod

aurjo5 Lcjsjl` hlrdrtj pl`umjsd` X^^ ojmdfufd` ol`kd` tlpdt od` tjodf al`kbdhjsfd`
 hd`ydf wdftu od` tl`dkd. Lclftjc hlrdrtj pl`umjsd` X^^ ojmdfufd` u`tuf al`idpdj
tugud` plahlmdgdrd`. Hlrerjl`tdsj pdod aurjo hlrdrtj pl`umjsd` X^^ ojmdfufd` ol`kd`
alaplrtjahd`kfd` flsjdpd`, fltlrtdrjfd`, od` flhutubd` hlmdgdr aurjo oj flmds.
Dpdfdb X^^ odpdt ojhudt ol`kd` sj`kfdt, ajsdm`yd bd`yd sdtu bdmdad`5 Hjsd
sdgd, dsdmfd` slsudj ol`kd` prj`sjp lcjsjl`, lclftjc, od` hlrerjl`tdsj flpdod aurjo.
_jodf dod plrsydrdtd` guamdb bdmdad`.
Dpdfdb dod std`odr hdfu u`tuf ceradt pl`umjsd` X^^5 _jodf dod. Kuru hlhds
alahudt, alajmjb, al`klahd`kfd`, od` al`kku`dfd` X^^ slsudj ol`kd` prj`sjp

lcjsjl`, lclftjc, od` hlrerjl`tdsj pdod aurjo.

Hdkdjad`d ol`kd` ceradt X^^ yd`k suodb ojhudt kuru5 Kuru odpdt tltdp
al`kk
al`kku`d
u`dfd`
fd` ceradt
ceradt X^^ yd`k
yd`k tlm
tlmdb
db ojhudt
ojhudt`yd
`yd.. Kuru
Kuru odpdt
odpdt pumd
pumd alaeoj
alaeojcjfd
cjfdsj
sj
ceradt X^^ yd`k suodb ojhudt slsudj ol`kd` prj`sjp lcjsjl`, lclftjc, od` hlrerjl`tdsj
flpdod aurjo.
Hlrdpd guamdb feape`l` odmda X^^5 Dod 9 feape`l` j`tj, ydjtu7
D. _ugud` plahlmdgdrd`
H. Md`kfdb-md`kfdb plahlmdgdrd` (flkjdtd`)6 od`,
I. ^l`jmdjd` plahlmdgdrd` (dslsal`).

Feape`l`-feape`l` mdj``yd dodmdb plml`kfdp. _ugud` plahlmdgdrd` ojtumjs

ol`kd` alruguf flpdod furjfumua od` flhutubd` hlmdgdr aurjo. Flkjdtd` hlmdgdr od`
dslsal` odmda X^^ ojtumjs slidrd lcjsjl`.<

Ie`teb X^^7

XL@ID@D ^LMDFYD@DD@ ^LAHLMDGDXD@

^LAHLMDGDXD@
( X^^ )

@dad Ylfemdb 7 AD @\ _HY

Adtd ^lmdgdrd` 7 Hdbdsd Drdh
<
 Ijptd d`o Xlpuhmjf, J
Xlpuhmjf, J Hufu Yjswd Flmds R AD Hdbdsd Drdh Furjfumua 8>49 Jj.
Jj.
 

Ytdtus ^l`ojojfd` 7 AD
Flmds / Ylalstlr 7 R/4
Dmefdsj [dftu 7 8 gda plmdgdrd`

Feapltl`sj J`tj 7 4. Al`kbdydtj od` al`kdadmfd` dgdrd` dkdad Jsmda.

8. Al`kbdydtj od` al`kdadmfd` plrjmdfu gugur od` ojsjpmj`,
td`kku`kgdwdh, ploumj (kete`k reye`k, flrgdsdad, temlrd`,
odadj), sd`tu`, rlspe`sjc od` pre -dftjc od` al`u`guffd` sjfdp
slhdkdj hdkjd` odrj semusj dtds hlrhdkdj plradsdmdbd` odmda
 hlrj`tlrdfsj slidrd lclftjc ol`kd` mj`kfu`kd` sesjdm od` dmda slrtd
odmda al`lapdtfd` ojrj slhdkdj ilraj`d` hd`ksd odmda plrkdumd`.
9. Aladbdaj, al`lrdpfd`, al`kd`dmjsjs pl`kltdbud` cdftudm,
fe`slptudm, preslourdm hlrodsdrfd` rdsd j`kj`tdbu`yd tl`td`k
jmau pl`kltdbud`, tlf`emekj, sl`j, huodyd, od` buad`jerd ol`kd`
wdwdsd` flad`usjdd`, flhd`ksdd`, fl`lkdrdd`, od`
 plrdodhd` tlrfdjt pl`ylhdh cl`eal`d od` flgdojd`, slrtd
al`lrdpfd` pl`kltdbud` preslourdm pdod hjod`k fdgjd` yd`k

splsjcjf slsudj ol`kd` hdfdt od` aj`dt`yd

?. Al`kemdb, al`dmdr, od` al`ydgj odmda rd`db fe`frlt od`
rd`db dhstrdf tlrfdjt ol`kd`
ol`kd` pl`klahd`kd` odrj yd`k ojplmdgdrj`yd
oj slfemdb slidrd ad`ojrj, od` adapu al`kku`dfd` alteol
slsudj fdjodb fljmaud`.
Feapltl`sj odsdr7  Al`syufurj flslapdtd` odpdt alaplmdgdrj hdbdsd Drdh
slhdkdj hdbdsd pl`kd`tdr feau`jfdsj j`tlr`dsje`dm yd`k
ojwuguofd` odmda slad`kdt hlmdgdr.
  Al`u`guffd` plrjmdfu sd`tu` od` ploumj odmda almdfsd`dfd`
feau`jfdsj d`tdr prjhdoj ol`kd` kuru od` tlad`.
Aladbdaj idrd pl`ydapdjd` slrtd idrd alrlspe`s,
al`kjol`tjcjfdsj idrd alahlrjtdbu od` al`d`ydfd` tl`td`k
cdftd, plrdsdd` od` sjfdp tlrfdjt tepjf ‫ ثؿؠؼ‬ ‫ا‬‫ك‬ ‫ ثآ‬  ,
al`olsfrjpsjfd` slidrd slolrbd`d u`sur flhdbdsdd`, od` struftur
tlfs
. ‫ل‬‫س‬‫قث‬ ‫أش‬ٌُ‫ قث‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ قثغشل‬ ‫ىشت‬ُ‫ ث‬ ُ ‫ث‬
‫ي‬‫غ‬ٌ
Al`sjaumdsjfd` ojdmek slolrbd`d tl`td`k idrd alrlspe`
u`kfdpd`, Al`olae`strdsjfd` u`kfdpd` slolrbd`d tl`td`k idrd
alahlrjtdbu od` al`d`ydfd`
al`d`ydfd` cdftd, plrdsdd`
plrdsdd` od` sjfdp, al`yusu`
tlfs mjsd` od` tumjs slolrbd`d u`tuf al`ku`kfdpfd` tlrfdjt tepjf 
  ‫ ثؿؠؼ‬ ‫ا‬‫ك‬ ‫ ثآ‬  ol`kd` alaplrbdtjfd` u`sur flhdbdsdd`, struftur tlfs
od` u`sur huodyd slidrd hl`dr od` slsudj ol`kd`
‫ل‬‫س‬‫قث‬ ‫أش‬ٌُ‫ قث‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ قثغشل‬ ‫ىشت‬ُ‫ ث‬ ُ ‫ث‬
‫ي‬‫غ‬ٌ
 

_ugud` ^lahlmlgdrd`7 Yltlmdb al`kdadtj, al`d`yd, al`klfspmerdsj, al`kdsesjdsj od`

al`kfeau`j fdsjfd` plslrtd ojojf adapu al`ol`kdr, hlridfdp,
alahdid od` al`umjs ol`kd` Hdbdsd Drdh yd`k hlrfdjtd`
ol`kd` tepjf ‫ ثؿؠؼ‬ ‫ا‬‫ك‬ ‫ ثآ‬.
Adtlrj ^lahlmdgdrd`   ‫غ‬‫غ‬ُ‫ث‬
Alteol J`fujrj od` Ojsfusj

Md`kfdb ^lahlmdgdrd`
^lahlmdgdrd`

@ MD@KFDB-MD@KFDB FL
FLKJD_D@ ALOJD/Y\AH [DF_
E LX  \

4 ^l`odbumud` 4< al`jt

◅ Kuru al`kuidpfd`
al`kuidpfd` sdmda slhdkdj plahufd
 plrtlaud` od` al`d`ydfd` fdhdr sjswd.
◅ Kuru al`klilf
al`klilf flbdojrd`
flbdojrd` sjswd
◅ Kuru hlrsdad sjswd al`klilf flsjdpd` plrd`kfdt
 plahlmdgdrd`

◅ Kuru al`ydapdjfd`
al`ydapdjfd` j`ceradsj tl`td`k adtlrj yd`k
dfd` ojsdapdjfd`, almjputj7 Feapltl`sj odsdr od`
j`ojfdter pl`idpdjd`.
◅ Yjswd al`ylhutfd` fdtd-fdtd
fdtd-fdtd yd`k hjdsd ojpdfdj
odmda plrfl`dmd`
◅ Yjswd al`ylhutfd` u`kfdpd`-u`kfdpd`
u`kfdpd`-u`kfdpd` yd`k
yd`k hjdsd ^l`kdmdad`
ojpdfdj odmda plrfl`dmd`
 prjhdoj

8 Flkjdtd` J`tj 3> al`jt

◅ Yjswd alahdid od`
od` aladbdaj f fesdfdtd
esdfdtd tlrfdjt
Kuru/Hufu
ol`kd` hdidd` yd`k dfd` ojhdidfd` kuru
^dflt
◅ Yjswd al`ol`kdr
al`ol`kdr hdidd` kuru
kuru
◅ Yjswd aladbdaj od` al`gdwdh
al`gdwdh plrtd`ydd` yd`k
ojhdidfd` kuru
◅ Yjswd al`klrgdfd`
al`klrgdfd` mdtjbd` al`lrgladb fdtd
j`oe`lsjd fl hdbdsd drdh
◅ Kuru al`kerlfsj
al`kerlfsj gdwdhd` sjswd
◅ Yjswd al`ieieffd` pdsd`kd`
pdsd`kd` fdmjadt yd`k hl`dr 
hl`dr 
◅ Kuru al`kerlfsj
al`kerlfsj gdwdhd` sjswd
◅ Yjswd al`klrgdfd` mdtjbd` sedm yd`k ojhlrjfd` kuru
kuru
◅ Kuru al`kerlfsj
al`kerlfsj gdwdhd` sjswd
◅ Kuru alahdkj 8 flmeapef
flmeapef sjswd u`tuf prdftjf ojdmek
◅ Kuru alaj`td prdftlr ojdmek
ojdmek alaplrfl`dmfd` ojrj
 

sl`ojrj flpdod tlad` slhd`kfu`yd

◅ Kuru al`glmdsfd` adtlrj jsja `dfjreb
`dfjreb od` adfrjcdt
◅ Yjswd al`ol`kdrf
al`ol`kdrfd`
d`
◅ Yjswd prdftlf al`l`tufd`
al`l`tufd` ad`d jsja `dfjreb od`
od`
jsja adfrjcdt

◅ Kuru al`kerlfsj
al`kerlfsj gdwdhd` sjswd
◅ Yjswd al`kjsj fdmjadt ruapd`k
ruapd`k ol`kd` jsja `dfjreb
`dfjreb
◅ Kuru al`kerlfsj
al`kerlfsj gdwdhd` sjswd
◅ Yjswd alahdid hdidd`
hdidd` tl`td`k fdrtu jol`tjtds
◅ Yjswd al`gdwdh sedm tl`td`k hdidd` fdrtu jol`tjtds
◅ Yjswd ojsurub al`kjsj
al`kjsj fdrtu jol`tjtds ojrj`yd
◅ Yjswd ojsurub alahudt
alahudt fdmjadt odrj fdtd yd`k tlmdb
ojtl`tufd`.

9 ^l`utup 4< al`jt

◅ Kuru alahlrjfd` pl`kbdrkdd`
pl`kbdrkdd` flpdod sjswd yd`k
al`odpdtfd` `jmdj tlrtj`kkj Kuru od` sjswd
◅ Kuru alahlrjfd`
alahlrjfd` pl`glmdsd` od` alahlrjfd`
 plmurusd` fe`slp gjfd dod yd`k furd`k
furd`k tlpdt
◅ Kuru hlrsdad
hlrsdad sjswd alrlcmlfsj presls plahlmdgdrd`
yd`k tlmdb hlrmd`ksu`k, almjputj6 flmladbd` od`
flmlhjbd`, plrdsdd` od` flsumjtd` yd`k ojbdodpj
sjswd.

Yuahlr/Hdbd`/Dmdt Hlmdgdr7
Yuahlr/Hdbd`/Dmdt
◅ Kuru
◅ Hufu
Hufu pdf
pdflt
lt ^lmd
^lmdgd
gdrd
rd`
` Hdbd
Hdbdsd
sd Drd
Drdh
h
◅ Fdrt
Fdrtu
u Jol`
Jol`tj
tjtd
tdss

^l`jmdjd`7

^l`jmdjd`
J`ojfdter ^l`idpdjd` Hl`tuf 
Feapltl`sj _lf`jf  J`strua J`strual`
l`
◅ Al`iei
Al`ieieffeffd`
d` tumjsd`
tumjsd` ol`kd`
ol`kd`
fdtd, crdsd dtdu fdmjadt yd`k _ukds _lst 7
d. _l`t
_l`tuf
ufd`
d` gd
gdwd
wdhd
hd`
`
ojol`kdr  j`ojvjou _umjs odrj hdidd`
(al`yjadf (\md`k
◅ Alml`k
Alml`kfdp
fdpjj fdmjad
fdmjadtt ol`k
ol`kd`
d` od` d`  h. ^dbdaj adtlrj jsja
fdtd yd`k ojslojdfd` `dfjreb od`
 

alahdid) bdrjd`
◅ Al`l
Al`l`t
`tuf
ufd`
d` hl`dr
hl`dr/sd
/sdmd
mdb
b adfrjcdt.
 hdidd` yd`k ojhdid i. Jo
Jol`
l`tj
tjcj
cjfd
fdsj
sj fe
fesd
sd
_ukds fdtd-fesd fdtd hdru
◅ Al`l
Al`l`t
`tuf
ufd`
d` jsja
jsja `dfj
`dfjre
reb
b
J`ojvjou dtdu sumjt
◅ Al`l
Al`l`t
`tuf
ufd`
d` jsja
jsja adfr
adfrjc
jcdt
dt
◅ Alad
Aladbd bdaj
aj hdid
hdidd`
d` yd
yd`k
`k al`kbdcdm
tlmdb ojhdid
◅ Al`kjo
Al`kjol`t
l`tjcj
jcjfdsj
fdsj fesd
fesd fdtd
fdtd--
fesd fdtd hdru dtdu sumjt

FXJ_LXJD ^L@JMDJD@

Frjtlrjd Od` Yfdmd ^l`sferd`

Aladbdaj
Al`laufd`
Al`kjol`tjcjfdsj Al`gdwdh Adtlrj jsja Yfer
@e @dad j`ceradsj
fesd fdtd Yedm `dfjreb od`
tlrsurdt adfrjcdt
4-4< 4-8> 4-9> 4-9< 4>>
4 Wumcd` 4< 4< 8< 9> 2<
Cdgrum
Cdmdb
8 A. Dsbjc 4> 4> 8< 9> 3<
Hdrfbeyd
Ajcdzd
9 Jh`u 4< 4> 8< 8> 3<
Cdobmd`
_daad

Al`kltdbuj Fuous, @evlahlr 8>8>

Flpdmd AD @\ _HY Kuru Adtd ^lmdgdrd`,

 
 

HDH JJJ
^L@\_\^
D. Flsj
Flsjap
apum
umd`
d`
4. ^L@KL
L@KLX
X_J
_JD@
D@ X^
X^^
Xl`id`d ^lmdfsd`dd` ^lahlmdgdrd` (X^^) dodmdb rl`id`d plahlmdgdrd` yd`k

ojflahd`kfd` slidrd rj`ij odrj sudtu adtlrj pefef dtdu tlad tlrtl`tu yd`k
al`kdiu pdod sjmdhus.
8. MD@KF
MD@KFDB-
DB-MD@
MD@KFD
KFDB
B ^L@Z\
^L@Z\Y\@
Y\@D@
D@ X^^
X^^
d. Al`kf
Al`kfdgdgjj Yjmd
Yjmdhu
huss Ylidr
Ylidrdd uaua
uaua
 h. Al`kjol`tjcjfdsj adtlrj plahlmdgdrd` yd`k al`u`gd`k pl`idpdjd` FO
i. Al`l`tufd`
Al`l`tufd` _ugud`
_ugud` _ugud`
_ugud` odpdt
odpdt ojerkd`jsd
ojerkd`jsdsjfd`
sjfd` al`idfu
al`idfup
p slmurub
slmurub FO
dtdu ojerkd`jsdsjfd` u`tuf sltjdp plrtlaud`.
o. Al`klahd`kf
Al`klahd`kfd` d` Flkjdtd`
Flkjdtd` ^lahlmd
^lahlmdgdrd`
gdrd` Flkjdtd`
Flkjdtd` plahlmdgdrd`
plahlmdgdrd` ojrd`id`k
ojrd`id`k
u`tuf alahlrjfd` pl`kdmdad` hlmdgdr yd`k almjhdtfd` presls al`tdm od`
cjsjf
cjsjf almdmu
almdmujj j`tlrdf
j`tlrdfsj
sj d`tdr
d`tdr plslrtd
plslrtd ojojf,
ojojf, plslrtd
plslrtd ojojf
ojojf ol`kd`
ol`kd` kuru,
kuru,

mj`kfu`kd`, od` suahlr hlmdgdr mdj``yd odmda rd`kfd pl`idpdjd` FO.

9. CEXA
CEXAD_
D_ ^L@\
^L@\MJ
MJYD
YD@
@ X^^
X^^
Xl`id`d plmdfsd`dd` plahlmdgdrd` (X^^)
Adtd ^lmdgdrd` 7 ................................................
Ydtud` ^l`ojojfd` 7 ..
................................................
Flmds/Ylalstlr 7 ................................................
Adtd ^lahlmdgdrd` ^efef 7 ..........................................
................................................
......
Yuh-Adtlrj ^lahlmdgdrd` 7 ..........................................
................................................
......
Dmefdsj [dftu 7 ..........................................
................................................
......
D. Feap
Feapltltl`
l`sj
sj Ods
Odsdr 
dr 
H. J`ojfd
J`ojfdter
ter ^l`idp
^l`idpdjd`
djd` Bdsjm
Bdsjm Hlmdgd
Hlmdgdr  r 
I. Adtlr
Adtlrjj ^la
^lahl
hlmd
mdgd
gdrd`
rd`

O. ^lmdfs
L. Yuahlr
Yua
^lm hlr
dfsd`d^lahlm
^la
d` hlmdgdr
d`dd` dgdrd`
^lahlm
^la d`
hlmdgd
dgdrd`
rd`
4. Flkjdtd`
d. ^l`odbumud`
 h. Flkjdtd` j`tj
i. ^l`utup
8. \rdjd`
J`ojfdter Alteo
Adtlrj
` ^lrtlaud pl`idpdjd l yd`k Ydrd`d/suahl
plahlmdgdrd
e ` fl- ` bdsjm ojpdfd r hlmdgdr
`
hlmdgdr j

C. ^l`jmdjd
djd`
 

Al`kltdbuj,
Flpdmd Ylfemdb Kuru Adtd ^lmdgdrd`
 
 

ODC_DX ^\Y_DFD
Hdrdrdb, Js`dwdrodtum. ”Lclftjcjtds ^lrl`id`dd` ^lahlmdgdrd` Odmda ^lahlmdgdrd`
^l`ojojfd` Dkdad Jsmda Oj Ylfemdb,‑ `.o., 494’?;.
Ijptd, Bdf, d`o Dkdad Xlpuhmjf. J
Xlpuhmjf. J Hufu Yjswd Flmds R AD Hdbdsd
Hdbdsd Drdh Furjfumua 8>49
8>49 Jj,
Jj,
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Yladrd`k, \`jvlrsjtds @lklrj. ”^l`yusu`d` Xl`id`d ^lahlmdgdrd` Hdbdsd Drdh

Hlrodsdrfd` Furjfumua 8>49 Hdkj Kuru-Kuru Hdbdsd Drdh Adordsdb
Adords db _sd`dwjydb Yl-
Fdhupdtl` Flhual`.‑ Xlfdydsd
Flhual`.‑ Xlfdydsd 4?,
 4?, `e. 4 (8>43)7 ;<’23.
bttps7//oej.erk/4>.4<8:?/rlfdydsd.v4?j4.;2;8.
Zdtaj`j, Y.^o. ”AL@J@KFD_FD@ FEA^L_L@YJ K\X\ ODMDA ^L@Z\Y\@D@ X^^
ZD@K HDJF OD@ HL@DX ALMDM\J ^L@ODA^J@KD@ HLXHDYJY FFK
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8 (8>4;)7 4;8’2?.