The atmosphere is the thin layer of gases that surrounds the lithosphere.

The present atmosphere is

composed of 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 0.9% Argon, and a trace amount of
other gases.

It is divided by altitude into different layers, including the troposphere,

stratosphere, mesosphere,
thermosphere, and exosphere.

One of the most important processes by which the heat on the Earth's
surface is redistributed is through
atmospheric circulation.

There is also a constant exchange of heat and moisture between the

atmosphere and the hydrosphere
through the hydrologic cycle.

Troposphere
S tr at os phere
mesosphere
th er mo sp here
exosphere
the lowest layer of our atmosphere
Starting at ground level, it extends upward to
about 10 km above sea level.
humans live in the troposphere
nearly all weather occurs in this lowest layer
It gets colder as you go higher
The stratosphere extends from the top of the
troposphere to about 50 km above the ground.
The ozone layer is found within the stratosphere.
The stratosphere actually gets warmer the higher
you go.
Commercial passenger jets fly in the lower
stratosphere, partly because this less-turbulent
layer provides a smoother ride.
It extends upward to a height of about 85 km (53
miles) above our planet.
Most meteors burn up in the mesosphere.

ffuunnffaacctt!!
The temperatures once again grow colder as you
rise up through the mesosphere—about -90° C (-130°
F).
The air in the mesosphere is far too thin to breathe.
The aurora, the Northern Lights and Southern
Lights, occur in the thermosphere.
Many satellites actually orbit Earth within the
thermosphere!
The thermosphere is more like outer space than a
part of the atmosphere.
The air in this layer is so thin that it would feel
atmosphere

freezing cold.
atmosphere

Exosphere to be the actual "final frontier" of

inonosphere

Earth's gaseous envelope.

The "air" in the exosphere is very, very, very thin,
making this layer even more space-like than the
thermosphere.
There is no clear-cut upper boundary where the
exosphere finally fades away into space.

The ionosphere is not a distinct layer like the other

layers.
It is a series of regions in parts of the mesosphere
and thermosphere where high-energy radiation
from the Sun has knocked electrons loose from their
parent atoms and molecules.
geosphere
geosphere outer core
Inner core
crust
mantle

It is very thin, and it includes the continents and the

ocean floor.
describes the outermost shell of a terrestrial
planet.
Earth's mantle is a layer of silicate rock between
the crust and the outer core.
It is about 3000 Km thick. It is made up of much
denser rocks than the crust. This layer is composed
primarily of two types of rock, iron, and magnesium.

It consists of the solid and rigid portions of the Earth (Lithosphere) and
the layers within the Earth.
It includes the rocks of the crust and mantle, the metallic liquid outer core,
and the solid metallic inner core.
It is where Plate Tectonics, which is an important process of shaping the
surface of the Earth, takes place. The primary driving mechanism is the
Earth's internal heat, such as that in mantle convection.
The core is at the center of the Earth; the outer
core is a fluid layer about 2,260 km thick, composed
of mostly iron and nickel, that lies above Earth's
solid inner core and below its mantle.
The core is at the center of the Earth; the inner
core is the innermost geologic layer of the planet
Earth. It is primarily a solid ball with a radius of
about 1,220 km, which is about 20% of Earth's radius
or 70% of the Moon's radius.

It includes all life forms on Earth, comprising those on the land, in the
water, and the air. Within the biosphere, living organisms form ecological
communities based on the physical surroundings of an area. These
communities are referred to as biomes.
It covers all ecosystems—from the soil to the rainforest, from mangroves
to coral reefs, and from the plankton-rich ocean surface to the deep sea.
For the majority of life on Earth, the base of the food chain comprises
photosynthetic organisms.

ECOLOGICAL LEVELS
OF ORGANIZATION
BIOSPHERE
BIOSPHERE
 HYDROSPHERE
HYDROSPHERE
It comprises all water found on, under, and over the surface of the Earth.
It also includes the Cryosphere, the
portions of Earth's surface where water is in solid form, including sea ice, lake
ice, river ice, snow cover,
glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, and frozen ground.
About 70% of the Earth is covered with liquid water and much of it is in
the form of ocean water. Only 3% of Earth's water is fresh: two-thirds are
in the form of ice, and the remaining one-third is present in streams, lakes,
and groundwater.