2.

1 Studies & Analysis

Once you’ve watched all the videos, complete a brief 3-2-1 analysis on each of the body systems
(skin, skeletal, muscular, reproductive, endocrine, urinary (kidneys), & gastrointestinal) you reviewed this
week.
In each analysis, you will share:

 three things you learned about the system.

 two things that surprised or interested you, and
 one question you still have.

SKIN
 The tegumentary system is formed by the Skin and its appendages such as the fingernails,
hair, etc.
 The skin is the largest organ of the human body and weighs 21 lbs.
 The skin fulfills several functions, among them is the function of being impermeable and immune
protecting our body from external agents.
o In addition to being a protective barrier, the skin also helps us to be more alert through its
sensitive function.
o The sensitive function of the skin also allows the skin to act on temperature changes through the
process of thermoregulation.
How does the skin healing process work and what are the elements involved?

SKELETAL.
 I learned the difference between exoskeleton and endoskeleton where exo is used to refer to
external bones of insects and other species while endoskeleton, which is the one we humans
have, is internal.
 The skeletal system has 3 main functions among which are firstly to support the human body,
secondly to serve as protection of the most important organs of the human body, and finally to
fulfill physiological functions such as hematopoietic function.
 Hematopoiesis is the formation of red blood cells; this process begins in the red marrow of the
bones.
o I find interesting the difference between the bones of one part of the body and another, each
one adapted to the region it is supposed to cover or give movement.
o It is interesting to me the division of the bones and how despite being so different they are all
equally necessary for the proper functioning, it is like thinking about how our arms would work if
they were not connected to the axial skeleton, it would be crazy, however the human body is so well
structured that this does not happen.
What is the function of yellow bone marrow?
MUSCLE
 There are three types of muscles among them, we have skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and
smooth muscle.
 The skeletal muscles are directly involved in the movement and flexion of the limbs and other parts
of the body because they are attached to tendons and bones and to aponeurosis.
 The cardiac muscles correspond only to the muscles that surround the heart and directly help it to
fulfill its function, just as smooth muscles can be found in the tissue of the hollow organs and blood
vessels.
o Each muscle fulfills specific functions on a day-to-day basis. Smooth muscle, for example, actively
participates in the digestive process by allowing food to be pushed out of the stomach, as well as
cardiac muscles help the heart with its function of pumping blood, and skeletal muscles actively
participate in the movement of the body in general.
o It is interesting that the functioning and control of the smooth and cardiac muscles is directly
coordinated by our body and is not something we have to think about every second since it is
an involuntary movement unlike the skeletal muscles on which we need to think about an
action for them to act.
Why do muscle contractions occur?
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
 The nervous system works to enable the communication of 100 trillion cells found throughout
the human body.
 The endocrine system is made up of the glands found throughout the human body. These glands
produce hormones that influence us.
 The largest gland of this endocrine system is the Hypothalamus, which is part of the brain and is
also part of the endocrine system and fulfills the function of controlling or maintaining the
balance between both parts.
o It is interesting that the pituitary gland or master gland receives stimulation from the
hypothalamus and is responsible for sending that stimulation to almost all the other glands in
the body.
o One more thing that catches my attention besides learning recently is how calcium levels are
regulated by the parathyroid gland, and it catches my attention because when we talk about
calcium we automatically think of bones and maybe we think that they appeared just because,
however we do not know that there is a process for them to be formed and there is a gland that
regulates them.
How are the different glands of the body connected?

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
 There is a very noticeable difference between ovaries and sperm the male can produce millions
of sperm each day while the female produces only one ovary each month.
 The reproductive organs are of vital importance. The most important sexual organs of the male are
the Testes which are in charge of producing sperm and the penis which helps in the conduction of
the sperm inside the vagina for greater possibilities of fertilization.
 In the woman we have the most important sexual organs are the ovaries, which is the
counterpart of the sperm and is with whom together they will form what is the baby, we also
have the uterus which is where the embryo will be housed during the stage of pregnancy of
women, this is where the baby develops and finally the breasts that serve as a source of food
during the first months of the baby is born.
o A very interesting thing is that the sexual organs besides working actively in the process of
fertilization also produce hormones that help the development of the different male and female
attributes, the male produces testosterone and the female produces progesterone.
o And interestingly enough, these sexual organs also serve to coordinate the meeting of the
sperm with the egg.
How does the creation of sperm and eggs work?
KIDNEYS
 As I understand it, the kidneys function as a filter that receives the blood pumped by the
heart and absorbs all the good and necessary elements and expels the waste in the form of
urine.
 In addition to simply eliminating harmful elements, the kidneys help the body maintain the
nutrients necessary for the proper functioning of the body by removing excess nutrients and
oxygen from the blood.
 All this elimination of wastes and extra nutrients is possible thanks to the capillary beds that the
kidneys have that allow the filtration of these unnecessary elements for the body.
o It is very interesting how the body knows that the excess of a nutrient is not good for it and looks
for a way to eliminate it.
o It is also very interesting that we are constantly eliminating material that was part of the
blood that also means that our body is constantly producing more blood to compensate for
the loss of the elements that we eliminate with the urine.
Something I don't understand is that if the kidneys eliminate the bad elements from the body, why
then are calculi formed.

GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
 In the gastrointestinal tract, we have several parts that help to fulfill the digestive function
and these are (the mouth, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, rectum, and
anus).
 The mouth initiates the swallowing process through chewing and hydrolysis that allows the
formation of the bolus, which facilitates its passage through the esophagus until it reaches the
stomach.
 The stomach, in addition to serving as food storage, carries out the process of hydrolysis, which
allows food to be consumed by gastric acids and thus have easier access to the intestines.
o Interestingly, most of the nutrients that are absorbed in the small intestine are absorbed in the
duodenum, where up to 70% of the nutrients in food can be absorbed.
o One thing I didn't know and I find it interesting is that the rectum can also store digested food
that is ready to be expelled through the anus.
How does the duodenum absorb nutrients from food?