Title page

How Cyber Security saves

our system form Hackers

Prepared for
Mam
Marrium Faesal

Prepared by

Date of submission :
05 November 2019
 Acknowledgement
I makes this report by the help of many websites and with the help of
many book reading all those things makes that possible so that I able
to makes a report and express my the real thing about the computer
world in the report that is the main thing in this report is security
safety and its maintenance, and how we saves our systems from
hackers.

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Table of Contents
1)

Introduction..........................................................................................................................................4
1.1 Background Information:.............................................................................................................4
1.2 Statement of the Problem/Purpose:...........................................................................................5
1.3 Significance of the Study:.............................................................................................................7
1.4 Scope of the Study:......................................................................................................................7
2) Review of Related Literature.............................................................................................................9
3) Methods of the Study......................................................................................................................10
4) Results and Discussion....................................................................................................................10
5) Conclusion......................................................................................................................................11
6) Recommendations...........................................................................................................................12
7) References.......................................................................................................................................12
8) Appendices......................................................................................................................................13

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 Executive Summary

purpose The purpose of this report is to understand the cyber security and its
e
ffects in the hackering, and how cyber security saves us from Hackers.
The other purpose is to awair the people by security
Method Cyber security is the method that is used to saves our computers from
hackers
and the other security threads, That can effect our computers and hacked
our data.
Result The results of Cyber security is very effective and is effectively
used in the computers to saves our computers from the hackers
and others security threads. This process is effective in revent
our computers from the hacking.
Conclusion From the above work, the importance of cyber security is
emphasized. It is also concluded that closely monitoring
systems and users provide and insight on the attacks and user
reaction to them. Also monitored systems are less vulnerable to
threats, data theft, phishing, frauds and other cyber-crimes.
RECOMMENDATIONS Use the NIST Cybersecurity Framework to develop an information
security program.Obtain and maintain a reliable understanding of your
network, and ensure that all assets are identified and under active
security management.
Find the weak links in the organization with regard to adherence to
process and policy.Protect and monitor network endpoints.

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 1) Introduction
Cybersecurity is the protection of internet-connected systems, including hardware,
software and data, from cyberattacks. In a computing context, security comprises
cybersecurity and physical security -- both are used by enterprises to protect against
unauthorized access to data centers and other computerized systems. The goal of
cybersecurity is to limit risk and protect IT assets from attackers with malicious
intent. Information security, which is designed to maintain the confidentiality,
integrity and availability of data, is a subset of cybersecurity.

Cybersecurity best practices can, and should, be implemented by large and small
organizations, employees and individuals. One of the most problematic elements of
cybersecurity is the continually evolving nature of security risks and advanced
persistent threats (APTs).

The traditional approach has been to focus resources on crucial system components
and protect against the biggest known threats, which meant leaving components
undefended and not protecting systems against less dangerous risks. To deal with the
current environment, advisory organizations are promoting a more proactive and
adaptive approach.

1.1 Background Information:

The history of cyber security began with a research project. A man named Bob
Thomas realized that it was possible for a computer program to move across a
network, leaving a small trail wherever it went. He named the program Creeper,

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 and designed it to travel between Tenex terminals on the early ARPANET,
printing the message “I’M THE CREEPER: CATCH ME IF YOU CAN.”

Figure 1:Initial try of cyber security

Important milestones in cybersecurity history include the following:

 In 1971, the creeper virus was found; it is commonly recognized as the first
computer virus.

 In 1983, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) was granted a patent for a

cryptographic communications system and method -- the first cybersecurity
patent.

 In the 1990s, the advent of computer viruses led to the infection of millions of
personal computers (PCs), causing cybersecurity to become a household concern
and facilitating the creation of more antivirus software.

 In 1993, the first Def Con conference was held; its focus was cybersecurity.

 In 2003, Anonymous was formed -- the first well-known hacker group.

 In 2013, the Target breach occurred in which 40 million credit and debit card
records were accessed and stolen.

 In 2016, Yahoo reported two cybersecurity breaches in which hackers gained

access to data from over 500 million user accounts.

 In 2017, the Equifax security breach occurred, which exposed the personal
information of up to 147 million people.

 In 2018, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was implemented. It

focused on the protection of end-user data in the European Union (EU).

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  Also in 2018, the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) was implemented. It
supports individuals' right to control their own PII.

1.2 Statement of the Problem/Purpose:

Problem:

Cybersecurity is continually challenged by hackers, data loss, privacy, risk

management and changing cybersecurity strategies. Nothing currently
indicates that cyberattacks will decrease. Moreover, with an increased number
of entry points for attacks, more strategies for securing digital assets are
needed to protect networks and devices.

One of the most problematic elements of cybersecurity is the continually

evolving nature of security risks. As new technologies emerge and existing
technology is used in new or different ways, new avenues of attack are
developed as well. Keeping up with these continual changes and advances in
attacks and updating practices to protect against them can be challenging to
organizations. This also includes ensuring that all the elements of
cybersecurity are continually changed and updated to protect against potential
vulnerabilities. This can be especially challenging for smaller organizations.

Purpose:

Cybersecurity measures should always be implemented to protect the data of

small and large organizations and individuals. Even though significant security
breaches are the ones that often get publicized, small organizations still have
to concern themselves with their security posture, as they may often be the
target of viruses and phishing.

1.3 Significance of the Study:

Cybersecurity is important because it helps protect an organization's data

assets from digital attacks that could damage the organization or individuals if
placed in the wrong hands. Medical, government, corporate and financial

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 records all hold personal information. Security incidents can lead to losses in
terms of reputation, money, theft of data, deletion of data and fraud.

1.4 Scope of the Study:

It can be a challenge in cybersecurity to keep up with the changing security

risks. The traditional approach has been to focus resources on crucial system
components. Today, ensuring cybersecurity requires the coordination of
efforts throughout an information system, which includes the following:

 Application security: Minimize the likelihood that unauthorized code will

be able to manipulate applications to access, steal, modify or delete
sensitive data.

 Information security (infosec): Protect information assets, regardless of

how the information is formatted or whether it is in transit, is being
processed or is at rest in storage.

 Network security: Detect, prevent and respond to threats through the use

of security policies, software tools and IT services.

 Business continuity planning (BCP)/disaster recovery planning

(DRP): Maintain or quickly resume mission-critical functions following a
disaster.

 Operational security (opsec): Classify information assets, and determine

the controls required to protect these assets.

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  End-user education: Provide directives that describe what actions
employees must take -- or avoid -- in order to protect corporate assets.

Figure2: An evaluation framework for national cyber security

1.5 Limitations of the Study:

1. Cybersecurity is continually challenged by hackers, data loss, privacy, risk

management and changing cybersecurity strategies. Nothing currently
indicates that cyberattacks will decrease. Moreover, with an increased
number of entry points for attacks, more strategies for securing digital
assets are needed to protect networks and devices.
2. Additionally, today, there is a lot of potential data an organization can
gather on individuals who take part in one of their services. With more
data being collected, the likelihood of a cybercriminal who wants to steal
PII is another concern. For example, an organization that stores PII in the
cloud may be subject to a ransomware attack and should do what it can to
prevent a cloud breach.
3. Cybersecurity should also address end-user education, as employees may
accidently bring a virus into a workplace on their work computer, laptop or
smartphone.

2) Review of Related Literature

I discus the many websites for making this report. Cyber security is the topic
and I found out all the important point that exist in it, and which is given in the
websites related to cyber security.

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 Figure 3:Review of related Cyber security

3) Methods of the Study

My methods of study in this report is discuss many websites concerned in this
report

and I use a Time new roman font style with the use of 16pt,14pt and 12pt.My
method of study is random and informative to gets the knowledge about this
report.

4) Results and Discussion

1. For the most part, cybersecurity problems result from the inherent nature of
information technology (IT), the complexity of information technology
systems, and human fallibility in making judgments about what actions and
information are safe or unsafe from a cybersecurity perspective, especially
when such actions and information are highly complex. None of these factors
is likely to change in the foreseeable future, and thus there are no silver bullets
—or even combinations of silver bullets—that can “solve the problem”
permanently.
2. In addition, threats to cybersecurity evolve. As new defenses emerge to stop
older threats, intruders adapt by developing new tools and techniques to
compromise security. As information technology becomes more ubiquitously
integrated into society, the incentives to compromise the security of deployed
IT systems grow.

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 Figure 4: Five year spending review of the government program to improve the
National Cyber Security Strategy

5) Conclusion
From the above work, the importance of cyber security is emphasized. It is also
concluded that closely monitoring systems and users provide and insight on the
attacks and user reaction to them. Also monitored systems are less vulnerable to
threats, data theft, phishing, frauds and other cyber-crimes. Since the validation of
software is necessary, so ISA standardized systems should be developed to validate
them. Also one of the major roles should be played by Government. It should take
hold of every bit of events that occur in cyber space including formulation of new
algorithms and techniques to prevent unauthorized access to any intruder. In future,
work would be done on monitoring techniques, their shortcomings and role play.
Also, further research will include methods of secure authorizations.

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 Figure 5: The distribution of cyber-attacks across cultural, social, economic and
political motivations

6) Recommendations
There are the following recommendations;

 Use the NIST Cybersecurity Framework to develop an information security

program.
 Obtain and maintain a reliable understanding of your network, and ensure
that all assets are identified and under active security management.
 Find the weak links in the organization with regard to adherence to process
and policy.
 Protect and monitor network endpoints.

7) References
1. A Sophos Article 04.12v1.dNA, eight trends changing network security by
James Lyne.
2. Cyber Security: Understanding Cyber Crimes- Sunit Belapure Nina Godbol
3. Computer Security Practices in Non Profit Organisations – A NetAction
Report by Audrie Krause.
4. A Look back on Cyber Security 2012 by Luis corrons – Panda Labs.
5. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue
9, September-2013 Page nos.68 – 71 ISSN 2229-5518, “Study of Cloud
Computing in HealthCare Industry “ by G.Nikhita Reddy, G.J.Ugander Reddy
6. IEEE Security and Privacy Magazine – IEEECS “Safety Critical Systems –
Next Generation “July/ Aug 2013.
7. CIO Asia, September 3rd , H1 2013: Cyber security in malasia by Avanthi
Kumar.

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8) Appendices
My topic is related to cyber security and I explain all the necessary things in
this report and with the help of many websites and books that are related to
it.Cyber security is the security saving process that saves us from the hackers
that can attack in our computers and our security accounts.

Figure 6:

In this a framework is given for cyber security

Figure 6:

A Methodology for
Quantifying the Cyber
security

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