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Blains
Blains
PREPARED BY:-Shivakumara M J
Assistant Professor
CMRIT Bengaluru.
A) OVERVIEW
Blaine’s air permeability apparatus consists essentially of a means of drawing a definite quantity of air
through a prepared bed of cement of definite porosity. The fineness is expressed as a total surface
area in square centimeters per gram.
Where,
K=Apparatus constant
S0=Specific surface of reference cement
ρ0=Density of reference cement
t0=Mean of three measured times
η0=Air viscosity at the mean of the three temperatures.
D) DETERMINATION OF FINENESS
1. Repeat the steps (1 to 6) as done in determination of apparatus constant, but this time using the cement
whose fineness is to be calculated.
2. Calculate fineness of cement using following formula.
Where,
TECHNICAL DISCUSSION
Fineness of cement has a great effect on the rate of hydration and hence the rate of gain of strength.
Fineness of cement increases the rate of evolution of heat.
Finer cement offers a great surface area for hydration and hence faster the development of strength.
Increase in fineness of cement also increases the drying shrinkage of concrete and hence creates cracks in
structures.
Excessive fineness requirement increases cost of grinding.
Excessive fine cement requires more water for hydration, resulting reduced strength and durability.
Fineness of cement affects properties like gypsum requirement, workability of fresh concrete & long term
behavior of structure.
Coarse cement particles settle down in concrete which causes bleeding.
Approximately 95% of cement particles are smaller than 45 micrometers, with the average particle around
15 micrometers.
In the early 1900s, cement fineness was expressed as the mass of cement per fractional size (percent weight
retained on specific sieve sizes). Now a day’s fineness is usually measured by the Blaine air-permeability
test that indirectly measures the surface area of the cement particles per unit mass.
Cements with finer particles have more surface area in m2 per kg of cement